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All Journal CHMK HEALTH JOURNAL SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Jurnal Manajemen Informasi dan Administrasi Kesehatan Jurnal Ners Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Idea Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology Proceeding Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health
Masruroh1,2, Ah Yusuf3 , Nikmatur Rohmah4, Irfansyah Baharudin Pakki5 , Anita Dewi Prahastuti Prasojo6 , Qurnia Andayani1 , *Agung Dwi Laksono7
Universitas Mulawarman
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Factors Influencing Mortality Among HIV Patients Dian Margi Utami; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Akhmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : The World Health Organization reported that global coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reached 77% in 2024; however, mortality among people living with HIV remains relatively high. Various clinical, immunological, and social factors influence treatment success and patient survival outcomes. Objective : This study aims to narratively analyze the factors associated with mortality among HIV patients receiving ART. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This narrative review identified relevant literature published between January 2020 and June 2025 through four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The search used combinations of keywords and Boolean operators (“AND,” “OR”): “HIV” OR “Human Immunodeficiency Virus” AND “mortality” OR “death” AND “antiretroviral therapy” OR “ART” AND “survival analysis” OR “Cox regression” OR “Kaplan–Meier” AND “cohort study.” Only peer-reviewed, full-text articles in English were included. Eligible studies employed prospective or retrospective cohort designs, involved adult HIV patients receiving ART, and reported mortality outcomes analyzed using Kaplan–Meier or Cox proportional hazards models. Review articles, case reports, and studies without relevant survival or mortality data were excluded. A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, primarily conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America. Results : Mortality rates ranged from 4.2 to 11.7 per 100 person-years, with a 5-year survival rate of 81.7–88.5%. Approximately 60–70% of deaths occurred within the first year of therapy. The most consistent mortality risk factors included CD4 count <200 cells/μL (AHR 2.3–6.6), severe anemia or hemoglobin <10 g/dL (AHR 2.2–5.2), WHO clinical stage III/IV (AHR 4.3–15.0), poor functional status (bedridden/ambulatory) (AHR 3.0–9.5), tuberculosis co-infection (AHR 1.9–4.1), and poor ART adherence (AHR 3.3–9.6). Sociodemographic factors such as being unmarried, low education, and poverty also increased mortality risk (AHR 1.6–3.7). Conversely, good ART adherence, cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (CPT) use, adequate nutritional status (BMI ≥18.5 kg/m²), and CD4 ≥200 cells/μL were significant protective factors. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Mortality among adult HIV patients in developing countries remains high, particularly within the first year of ART and among individuals with low immunity, anemia, or tuberculosis co-infection. Strengthening anemia and TB screening, optimizing ART adherence, and early identification of patients with low CD4 counts should be prioritized to reduce mortality rates.
Non-communicable diseases, especially Diabetes Mellitus, inUmrah/Hajj pilgrims: community prevention and management efforts Heny Surya Widiyaningsih; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Yadi Yadi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially Diabetes Mellitus (DM), pose a major health risk for Umrah and Hajj pilgrims. This population often comprises elderly individuals with pre-existing comorbidities. The physically demanding and crowded environment of pilgrimage increases the likelihood of severe complications, such as cardiovascular events and diabetic foot ulcers. Objective : This narrative review aims to synthesize evidence on the prevalence, contributing factors, and behavioral interventions addressing DM among pilgrims. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A synthesis of 34 articles published between 2010 and 2024 from PubMed and Google Scholar revealed that up to 58.2% of pilgrims have NCDs, with 87.9% categorized as high-risk. The primary determinants of morbidity and mortality include older age, hypertension, DM, and obesity. DM-related complications are frequent, with hypoglycemia reported in 37% of cases and foot wounds in 31%. Results : Interventions based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) effectively improved diabetes selfcare behaviors. Among HBM constructs, self-efficacy and perceived benefits were the strongest predictors of treatment adherence and proper disease management. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : NCDs remain a critical health concern among Umrah and Hajj pilgrims. Comprehensive screening and predictive models are essential to identify high-risk individuals before departure. In addition, structured behavioral education that enhances self-efficacy should be prioritized to strengthen chronic disease management throughout the pilgrimage.
The Effect of Screen Time on Dental Caries in Adolescents: A Narrative Review Hesty Erika Silitonga; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Verry Asfirizal; Akhmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Dental caries is a chronic disease with a high prevalence among adolescents. With the advancement of technology, screen time has become a a daily activity. Excessive screen time can lead to encourage a sedentary lifestyle, which may impact oral health. Objective : This review aims to synthesize scientific evidence from various studies to explain how prolonged screen time contributes to caries risk in adolescents. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This narrative review synthesizes relevant research articles to gain a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between screen time and dental caries. Articles were searched through major electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, focusing on publications from 2016 to 2025. Articles included in the review discussed screen time habits among adolescents, the impact of screen time on dental caries or oral health, were written in Indonesian or English. Results : A literature review of 30 articles reported a positive association between high screen time and increased caries risk in adolescents. Behavioral changes were the main mediators of this association. Many studies described two primary mechanisms: prolonged screen time significantly increased cariogenic dietary habits while using devices and excessive screen time reduces oral hygiene practices. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Excessive screen time acts as a significant behavioral risk factor for dental caries in adolescents because it can trigger unhealthy dietary patterns and reduce oral hygiene practices. Counseling, reducing screen time, education on tooth brushing, healthy eating, and fluoride using can reduce the risk of dental caries.
Analysis of Hypertension, Smoking, Family History, and Obesity as Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease at the Kesdim Military Hospital Samarinda Intan Kurnia; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Akhmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Stunting remains a significant chronic nutritional problem in Indonesia, particularly among children born to adolescent mothers. These young mothers often face limitations in nutritional knowledge, lower health literacy, and suboptimal reproductive preparedness, which collectively increase the risk of stunting in their children. Objective : This study aimed to conduct a review to determine the association between adolescent mothers’ nutritional knowledge and the incidence of stunting in toddlers, and to identify the contributing factors. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This was a systematic review conducting following the PRISMA guidelines and utilizing the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework. Articles were collected through searching the Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Crossref databases for studies up to October 2025. Two reviewers independently screened and included full- text article that examined Mothers Knowledge and stunting, focusing on the concept of knowledge, adolescent mother, and stunting. Results : A review included five articles. Adolescent mothers’ knowledge had a significant association with the incidence of stunting. This association was often strengthened by confounding factors such as socio-economic status, low education levels, limited access to healthcare services, and inadequate childcare practices. Several studies found that improving maternal nutritional literacy and initiating early prenatal care can effectively reduce the risk of stunting in children. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Low nutritional knowledge among adolescent mothers is confirmed as an important determinant of stunting in toddlers. Intervention efforts need to be focused on enhancing the education and nutritional literacy of adolescent girls through structured programs, including school-based education, adolescent mother classes in community health centers (Puskesmas), and targeted community campaigns. The integrated approach is crucial to break the intergenerational cycle of stunting and foster the development of quality human resources.
Description of Community Satisfaction at Puskesmas Lok Bahu During The Implementation of Primary Care Integration Zulhijrian Noor; Ratno Adrianto; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : In January 2025, the Mayor's decree designated all Community Health Center in Samarinda as Primary Health Service Integration Implementers. The initiative aims offer comprehensive services the encompass all stage of life, from infancy to the erderly. It is expected that change will improve the quality of care and enhance community satisfaction. Puskesmas Lok Bahu measures satisfaction through the Community Satisfaction Survey in accordance with Permenpan No.14 of 2017. Over the past three years, satisfaction scores have shown some variation but have consistenly remain in the very good category. Objective : This reasearch aims to describe community satisfaction at Puskesmas Lok Bahu during the implementation of primary care integration. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This reasearch employs a descriptive method, utilizing secondary data collected from a community satisfaction survey in first semester of 2025 from 398 respondents at Puskesmas Lok Bahu Results : The Community Satisfaction Index stands of 89. The lowest score was related to serviced periode, which received at rating of 3.435, while the highest score were for handling complaints from service users and service rates, both of which scored 3.857. A notable issue with service timing was identified due to an insufficient number of medical personnel in relation to patient visits, the center had only two doctors, and one of whom also served as the head of Puskesmas Conclusion/Lesson Learned : It is recommended to consider the addition of medical personnel and to enhance the queuing system along with information technology solutions to effectively redice patient wait times.
Co-Authors Adrianto, Ratno Agustina Simanangi Pamowa Akhmad Azmiardi Akhmad Azmiardi Anita Sari Asrianti, Tanti Ayudhia Rachmawati Chaerunnisa AR Desy Hajizah Dian Margi Utami Gloria Priska Britani Sumlang Heny Surya Widiyaningsih Hesty Erika Silitonga Ida Ayu Indira Dwika Lestari Intan Kurnia Ismail AB Lestiani Aulia Hasmy Muh Amri Arfandi Muh Amri Arfandi Muh. Amri Arfandi Muhammad Imam Utama Namira Dwi Faza Nindy Nurhalizah Rahmat Bakhtiar Rikha Nur Risdayanti Rilla Nadhirah Rina Tri Agustini Rinna Rahmatika Purwanti Risva S Siswanto Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki Siswanto Siswanto Siswanto SUMARNI Verry Asfirizal Yadi Yadi Yulvia Septi Annnisa Zulhijrian Noor