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Journal : Journal of Clean Technology

Energy Efficiency in Palm-Based Food Production Processes in margarine industry through the Utilization of Palm Fiber as Solid Biomass in Boiler Systems: A Comprehensive Review Zain, Faatin Nisriinaa; Pratiwi, Kharisma Ardhani Nur; Muna, Mochammad Choiril; Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy Bahlawan
Journal of Clean Technology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/joct.v2i2.28943

Abstract

The increasing demand for margarine, especially in palm oil producing countries like Indonesia, raises concerns about energy consumption and environmental sustainability. This review discusses the potential of palm fiber, a lignocellulosic byproduct of crude palm oil extraction, as a solid biomass fuel to improve energy efficiency in margarine processing industries. A systematic literature review was conducted by analyzing more than sixty peer reviewed journal articles, technical reports, and case studies to evaluate the feasibility and impact of palm fiber utilization. Based on various studies, palm fiber contains 47.9 percent cellulose, has a calorific value of 17.2 megajoules per kilogram, and shows low ash and moisture content, making it suitable for combustion in industrial boilers. Emission data indicate reductions in carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides compared to fossil fuels, with potential greenhouse gas savings of 0.098 tons of carbon dioxide per gigajoule and sulfur oxide reductions of up to ninety percent. Economically, palm fiber offers cost savings of up to forty percent, with a levelized cost of energy around six United States dollars per gigajoule and a payback period of less than five years. The application of drying and co firing technologies, supported by policy incentives such as Indonesia’s capital expenditure assistance, could enhance adoption. Research gaps remain in terms of long term boiler corrosion and industrial scale briquetting. Overall, palm fiber supports circular economy practices and aligns with SDG 7, 12, and 13, contributing to cleaner energy transitions in palm oil based food production systems.
Bioethanol Production from Rice Straw through Utilization of Agrobiomass Waste in Central Java Towards Clean Energy: a Review Nabil, Nisrina Hasna’; Handoko, Pratama Senapati Bagus; Destantri, Fitri Wahyuningtyas; Syahputra, Adhika Bintang; Bahlawan, Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy
Journal of Clean Technology Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): February 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/joct.v1i1.1656

Abstract

Bioethanol is an alternative energy to replace fossil fuels from plants. Central Java is the second largest rice producer in the world in Indonesia, with the potential of rice straw waste which can be optimized into bioethanol. Rice straw contains abundant cellulose reaching 32-47%, hemicellulose reaching 19-27%, and lignin reaching 5-24%. Methods for making bioethanol from rice straw include pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation. Lignin inhibits acid penetration before hydrolysis and microbial growth during fermentation, so it needs to be eliminated using alkaline pretreatment. Glucose production from alkali-pretreated rice straw can be hydrolyzed using chemical or enzymatic catalysts. Acid hydrolysis method using dilute H2SO4 with consideration of a shorter operating time. In addition, the price of enzymes is very high, and the operating time is very long, which will reduce product effectiveness. The acid hydrolysis method using 2% H2SO4 takes 30 minutes at 150 oC, which can produce a yield of 16%. Production of bioethanol from rice straw using separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) methods. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a 24-hour fermentation time, produced a yield of 80.9% and a productivity of 0.172 g/L h. Distillation is used to remove impurities from liquids that have been polluted with rice straw-derived solutes with various boiling points. Vacuum distillation can produce a yield of 40% purity. Utilization of rice straw into bioethanol can reduce environmental pollution so that it supports clean energy.
Zero Waste Education Organic Waste Treatment for Students of SD N Petompon 3 Irene Nindita Pradnya; Maulida Zakia; Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy Bahlawan; Kakalia Putri Auralita; Achmad Wikandaru; Daffa Nur Muhammad
Journal of Clean Technology Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/joct.v1i2.13016

Abstract

Improper waste management at SDN Petompon 3 Semarang has led to inadequate sanitation and a lack of environmental awareness among students. This community service initiative aimed to address these issues by educating 5th and 6th-grade students on organic waste processing through the utilization of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. The program introduced a hands-on approach where students learned to sort, manage, and convert organic waste into value-added products such as animal feed and organic fertilizer. Additionally, the program incorporated entrepreneurship training, equipping students with basic skills in packaging, branding, and marketing to promote sustainable small-scale enterprises. The activities included stakeholder coordination, infrastructure preparation, environmental education, and product processing workshops. Results showed improved student participation, increased environmental knowledge, and measurable growth in maggot biomass and waste decomposition rates over 30 days. This integrated program not only enhanced environmental cleanliness at the school but also fostered early environmental stewardship and entrepreneurial skills among students, contributing to sustainable waste management and community empowerment.
Co-Authors Abdurrafi, Faishol Achmad Wikandaru Akhmad Sutrisno Alfiansyah Aji Pratama Amrullah, Fauzan Anggun Septiamurti Anggun Septiamurti Astrilia Damayanti Astrilia Damayanti Ayu Nur Permadhini Bayu Triwibowo Bayu Triwibowo Catur Rini Widyastuti, Catur Rini Daffa Nur Muhammad Damayanti, Astrilia - Destantri, Fitri Wahyuningtyas Dewi, Yasinda Verrel Dinara Shinka Dhoni Hartanto Diana, Savira Rahma Dillah, Shohib Qomad Dwi Prasojo Dyta Silvia Mayasari Fahreza Pracenda Felicitia Fandika, Putri Maharani Adinda Fauzan Amrullah Handoko, Pratama Senapati Bagus Haniif Prasetiawan Harianingsih, Harianingsih Hutomo , Gayuh Aditya Hutomo, Gayuh Aditya Ichwan, Rizky Imani, Nadya Alfa Cahaya Imanullah, Kautsar Taqi Irene Nindita Pradnya Jannah, Reni Ainun Kakalia Putri Auralita Khoridatus Sulwa Kristi, Silvia Yolanda Maharani Kusumaningrum Maulida Zakia Maulida Zakia Mayasari, Dyta Silvia Megawati Megawati - Megawati Megawati Megawati Megawati Megawati Megawati Megawati Megawati Muna, Mochammad Choiril Nabil, Nisrina Hasna’ Permanadewi, Indrasukma Pradiza, Zefanya Pradnya, Irene Nindita Pramitha, Deva Aurelya Prasetyo, Ridwan Anung Prasojo, Dwi Pratama, Alfiansyah Aji Pratama, Muhammad Herdi Pratiwi, Kharisma Ardhani Nur Prima Astuti Handayani Rachmadi, Moch Faizal Radenrara Dewi Artanti Putri Radenrara Dewi Artanti Putri Radenrara Dewi Artanti Putri, Radenrara Dewi Artanti Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas Ria Wulansarie, Ria S., Syifa Azzahra Putri Sadan, Serlia Fitri Salsabila, Luvena Septiamurti , Anggun Suwandi, Luluk Arvi Cahyaning Syahputra, Adhika Bintang Waliyuddin Sammadikun Wara Dyah Pita Rengga Wati, Afifah Sagita Fitria Zain, Faatin Nisriinaa Zefanya Pradiza