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Increasing Skills for Processing Rainwater into Clean Water using the Electrolysis Method Qudus, Nur; Sugiyarto, Bambang; Harianingsih, Harianingsih; Kristanto, Virgiawan Adi; Erliana, Savira Rinda; Pangestu, Indra Sakti; Ubay, Isnina Noor; Afidah, Asti Dwi
Jurnal Abdimas Vol 27, No 2 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/abdimas.v27i2.46012

Abstract

The aim of community service activities from the UNNES Civil Engineering and Chemical Engineering Department Collaboration Team in Patemon is to improve the community's skills in processing rainwater so that it is suitable for consumption using the electrolysis method which has been tested for effectiveness and quality in the laboratory first. The Patemon area is an area where the water source comes from wells, has a slope of 10-45% so that during the dry season there is a shortage of water flow. The very high rainfall in Patemon, an average of 1853 mm/month, has the potential to be processed into clean water as a solution for availability in the dry season. The methods used for this service activity include field observation and coordination, training to improve skills in improving rainwater processing using electrolysis, monitoring and evaluating service results. The results obtained from this activity show that rainwater electrolysis is an appropriate alternative for providing clean water in the Patemon area. The education provided by the UNNES service team has increased the community's knowledge and skills in rainwater processing from 8% to 35%. Increased knowledge regarding rainwater harvesting from the system and working principles of rainwater electrolysis from 0% to 85%. Enthusiasm and interest in implementing activities reached 98%.
FILTER AIR HUJAN DARI ADSORBEN ALAMI ENCENG GONDOK (Eichhornia Crassipes) Qudus, Nur; Sugiyarto, Bambang; Harianingsih, Harianingsih; Kristianto, Virgiawan Adi; Pangestu, Indra Sakti; Erliana, Savira Rinda; Ubay, Isnina Noor; Afidah, Asti Dwi
Bookchapter Alam Universitas Negeri Semarang No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ka.v1i4.166

Abstract

Sistem pemanenan air hujan menjadi semakin penting dalam strategi pengelolaan air hujan yang berkelanjutan. Di negara- negara berkembang, masalah utama adalah pengolahan air yang tidak memadai dan kekurangan air. Terutama di kota-kota dan negara-negara berkembang, pemanenan air hujan dianggap sebagai sumber air alternatif yang sangat penting. Pemanenan air hujan telah disarankan sebagai teknologi bermanfaat di daerah di seluruh dunia yang mengalami musim kemarau. Jenis bahan atap dan kondisi lingkungan, seperti iklim setempat dan tingkat polusi atmosfer, memengaruhi kualitas air hujan yang dikumpulkan. Air hujan mengandung berbagai jenis bahan kimia, seperti ion bikarbonat, ion karbonat, amonia, natrium, kalium, kalsium, magnesium, hidrogen, sulfat, klorida, nitrat, dan magnesium sulfat. Konsentrasi ion hidrogen adalah faktor penting untuk mengukur tingkat keasaman hujan, atau hujan asam, Adsorpsi, pertukaran ion, pengendapan kimia, elektrolisis, elektrokoagulasi, kavitasi, elektrokoagulasi, dan ultrasonikasi adalah beberapa proses yang termasuk dalam kategori ini. Dalam produksi adsorben, asam klorida digunakan sebagai zat jenuh pada berbagai suhu aktivasi. Selain itu, adsorben digambarkan dengan Scanning Electron Microscope. Analisis suhu aktivasi digunakan untuk menentukan seberapa efektif eceng gondok dalam adsorpsi dan mengoptimalkan parameter tersebut sehingga adsorpsi dapat membantu menghilangkan BOD, COD, TDS, klorida, dan nitrat dari air hujan. Salah satu metode yang dilakukan untuk pengolahan air hujan dengan adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben enceng gondok. Selain itu, untuk mendapatkan hasil terbaik dengan menganalisis model kinetik dan isoterm adsorpsi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan adsorben enceng gondok menawarkan solusi pengolahan air hujan yang lebih hemat biaya dengan penggunaan listrik sebesar Rp. 1000,- setiap 15 menit proses adsorpsi sekali pdan ramah lingkungan.
FUNGSIONALISASI PLASMA DINGIN UNTUK PENGUAT IKATAN ADHESI PADA KOMPOSIT JERAMI PADI Harianingsih, Harianingsih; Imani, Nadya Alfa Cahaya; Sulistyawan, Vera Noviana; Pangestu, Indra Sakti; Erliana, Savira Rinda; Ubay, Isnina Noor
Bookchapter Alam Universitas Negeri Semarang No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ka.v1i4.171

Abstract

Bahan lignoselulosa yang berasal dari jerami padi masih belum dioptimalkan sepenuhnya, dengan hanya sekitar 7-16% dari potensinya yang dimanfaatkan dalam industri. Salah satunya adalah pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan pengisi atau penguat dalam produk komposit polimer kayu, namun adhesi antarmuka pada aplikasi tersebut masih menjadi tantangan yang signifikan. Penggunaan perlakuan plasma dingin (atmosferik) sebagai alternatif untuk meningkatkan efektivitas serat jerami pada komposit kayu. Komposit dibuat dengan menggunakan serat jerami dan matriks polyvinyl alcohol yang bersifat biodegradable. Perlakuan plasma dilakukan dengan variasi waktu 10, 20, dan 30 detik, serta dibandingkan dengan komposit tanpa perlakuan plasma. Kekuatan komposit serat jerami/polivinil alkohol dianalisis melalui pengujian flexural, dengan fokus pada setiap variasi waktu perlakuan plasma. Kekuatan flexural tertinggi tercapai pada perlakuan plasma dengan durasi 30 detik. Perlakuan plasma, baik dengan maupun tanpa plasma, memberikan perbedaan signifikan dalam kekasaran permukaan. Plasma secara konsisten meningkatkan kekasaran, yang pada gilirannya meningkatkan adhesi antarmuka pada matriks komposit. Potensi peningkatan sifat mekanis dan morfologis komposit serat jerami/polivinil alhohol melalui perlakuan plasma, membuka peluang baru dalam pengembangan material yang ramah lingkungan dan efisien secara ekonomi.
The Improvement of Modified Rice Straw Fiber/Polyvinyl Alcohol Thermoplastic Polymer Composite Using Cold Plasma Technology Harianingsih, Harianingsih; Indriawan, Ari Nur Dwi; Setiadi, Rizki; Pangestu, Indra Sakti; Ubay, Isnina Noor; Erliana, Savira Rinda
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.93255

Abstract

The use of natural rice straw as a filler for composite materials has not been optimally utilized; only around 7–16% of the grain is used in the industry. Various developments have been carried out, including its use as a filler or reinforcement for wood polymer composite products, but it is not effective because of poor interfacial adhesion. An alternative to increase the effectiveness of straw fibers in wood composites is by using cold plasma (atmospheric) treatment. In this research, composites consisting of straw fiber and biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix were made with and without cold plasma injection treatment. PVA is used because of its hydrophilic nature and function as a matrix. This research aims to determine the effect of cold plasma injection on straw fiber/PVA composites. The method used consists of preparation of straw fiber and composites, flexural testing with time variations of 10, 20, and 30 sec, morphological analysis using SEM to determine surface roughness, and FTIR test. The results showed that treatment with and without plasma provided significant differences in roughness. Plasma causes roughness to increase, thereby increasing the adhesion of the interface to the matrix.
Pemanfaatan Minyak Jelantah Menjadi Sabun sebagai Langkah Edukatif di MI Al’ Ma'arif Banyukuning Harianingsih, Harianingsih; Sri Handayani; Prima Astuti Handayani; Afifah Ritmadanti; Indra Sakti Pangestu; Isnina Noor Ubay; Savira Rinda Erliana
Dedikasi:Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Dedikasi
Publisher : Universitas Jayabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Abstrak Pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan Tim Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Negeri Semarang untuk untuk memperkenalkan siswa MI Al’ Ma’arif Banyukuning pada cara memanfaatkan minyak jelantah sebagai bahan utama dalam pembuatan sabun, dengan tujuan meningkatkan kesadaran sejak dini tentang pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga dan penerapan prinsip-prinsip ramah lingkungan. Pendekatan yang digunakan mencakup penyampaian materi teoretis mengenai dampak negatif minyak jelantah terhadap lingkungan, diikuti dengan demonstrasi praktis pembuatan sabun, serta aktivitas pembuatan sabun secara mandiri oleh siswa. Hasil dari pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa siswa tidak hanya mampu memahami proses konversi minyak jelantah menjadi sabun, tetapi juga mampu mempraktikkannya. Selain itu, pelatihan ini berhasil meningkatkan pemahaman siswa mengenai pentingnya daur ulang dan menjaga kelestarian lingkungan. Dengan demikian, diharapkan pelatihan ini dapat membangun kesadaran lingkungan dan tanggung jawab sejak dini, sekaligus membekali siswa dengan keterampilan praktis yang berguna dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Keywords: Education, Soap, Training, Waste, Waste Cooking Oil
Optimization of Rice Bran Oil Bleaching via Carotenoid Adsorption onto Activated Carbon using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Damayanti, Astrilia -; Harianingsih, Harianingsih; Bahlawan, zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy; Dillah, Shohib Qomad; Dewi, Yasinda Verrel Dinara Shinka; Kristi, Silvia Yolanda; Prasetyo, Ridwan Anung
Reaktor Volume 23 No.2 August 2023
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.23.2.53-61

Abstract

Rice bran oil (RBO) is a by-product of rice processing with a good fatty acid profile and high oxidative stability. This study aims to optimize the bleaching stage of the rice bran oil refining process to determine the minimum levels of carotenoids in RBO by using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). This research used the Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental design with three variables: bleaching temperature (50, 80, 1100C), bleaching time (20, 40, 60 minutes), and activated carbon concentration (0.4, 0.8, 1.2%). As a result, the model was enhanced to explain the correlation of each variable and the different data variations. This study employed the Derringer method to determine the most optimal variable variation that produces the lowest carotene levels. This study found that the optimal carotene level was 4.87 mg/kg with an activated carbon concentration of 1.18%, temperature of 500C, and time of 53.155 minutes.
The Effect of Air Injection for Formation of Radicals in Liquid Glow Discharge Plasma Electrolysis with K2SO4 Solution Harianingsih, Harianingsih; Rengga, Woro Dyah Pita; Kusumaningrum, Maharani; Imani, Nadya Alfa Cahaya; Saksono, Nelson; Zakaria, Zainal
Reaktor Volume 23 No.2 August 2023
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.23.2.37-43

Abstract

Glow discharge is part of the phenomenon of plasma formation on the electrode side in contact with the electrolyte solution and begins with an electrolysis reaction with direct electric current. In this research, 0.02 M K2SO4 electrolyte was used, the anode in the form of tungsten and stainless steel for the cathode in a direct current plasma electrolysis reactor. The phenomenon of plasma formation is explained using a strong current and voltage characteristic curve. There are three plasma formation zones: the ohmic zone, the transition zone and the glow discharge plasma zone. Air injection affects the formation of glow discharge plasma and radicals. Without the injection of air, radicals formed only •OH, •H and •O with emission intensities of 20012 a.u, 10121 a.u and 10245 a.u. Air injection 0.8 L men-1 produced radicals •OH, •N, •N2*, •N2+, •H and •O with emission intensities of 30863a.u, 20139 a.u, 28540 a.u, 18023 a.u, 12547 a.u and 49800 a.u. Many radicals are generated when the plasma reaches stability. The plasma is dominated by H2O ionization, and the plasma is more stable if formed in the gas phase. Other results from this research at 0 L men-1, 0.2 L men-1, 0.4 L men-1 and 0.8 L men-1 stable plasma were formed at 675 V, 660 V, 650 V and 650 V. The plasma that can be seen from the bright light, the injection of air accelerates the formation of a gas envelope to reduce energy.
THE CONCENTRATION EFFECT OF K2SO4 ELECTROLITE SOLUTION ON GLOW DISCHARGE PLASMA ELECTROLYSIS Harianingsih, Harianingsih; Kusumaningrum, Maharani; Bunyamin, Bunyamin
CENDEKIA EKSAKTA Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/ce.v7i2.7553

Abstract

Plasma electrolysis is currently an environmentally friendly technology that is used as an alternative to nitrogen fixation, clean water treatment, batik waste degradation and the synthesis of other compounds. The success indicator of plasma electrolysis technology is seen from the formation of glow discharge. One of the factors that influence the formation of plasma in this method is the electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution used in this study is K2SO4 because its conductivity causes electron jumps. This study aims to determine the effect of various concentrations of K2SO4 electrolyte solution on glow discharge plasma at the anode.In the plasma electrolysis reactor with stainless steel cathode and tungsten anode and 0.01 M electrolyte solution; 0.02 M; and 0.03 M K2SO4. The formation of glow discharge plasma occurs at the anode. Changes in concentration affect the critical voltage (VD) where the higher the concentration (0.03 M), glow discharge occurs at a lower voltage (600 V). This is due to the presence of high dielectric strength in the solution causing lower discharge strength to occur in solutions with lower electrolyte concentrations.Keywords: anode, plasma electrolysis, K2SO4 electrolyte, glow discharge 
Exploring Trends and Impacts of Problem Based Learning E-Modules in Elementary Science Learning: Systematic Literature Review Riski, Via; Sutopo, Yeri; Harianingsih, Harianingsih; Subali, Bambang; Widiarti, Nuni
Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Papanda Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56916/jirpe.v4i3.1282

Abstract

The use of interactive digital learning materials, such as electronic modules based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL), is one way the education sector is adapting to technological advances in the Society 5.0 era. This digital transformation requires innovation in learning methods to prepare a generation with 21st-century skills. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the trends in the implementation and impact of the use of e-modules based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in Science Education at the elementary school level. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, this article reviews 20 national and international journals published between 2021 and 2025. The study results indicate that PBL-based e-modules are effective in enhancing various cognitive skills among students, including critical thinking, scientific literacy, problem-solving abilities, and overall learning outcomes. Additionally, PBL e-modules demonstrate high levels of validity and practicality, making them suitable and applicable teaching materials. However, their implementation faces challenges such as limited digital infrastructure, insufficient teacher readiness, and the need for long-term effectiveness analysis and differentiation for students with special needs. This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of the development of PBL e-modules in the field of elementary education and offers strategic recommendations for further research and development, including the exploration of integration with cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and Augmented Reality (AR).
Classroom Environment and Metacognitive Strategies to Support Beginning Reading Skills: A Systematic Literature Review Durroh, Lum’Atud; Raharjo, Tri Joko; Harianingsih, Harianingsih; Sumbali, Bambang; Widiarti, Nuni
Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Papanda Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56916/jirpe.v4i3.1360

Abstract

This study presents a systematic literature review examining the role of the classroom environment in developing beginning reading skills among primary school students. The review covers 20 national and international journal articles published between 2020 and 2025. The articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria (studies that explicitly investigated the influence of classroom environment on reading skills of primary school children, were empirical in nature, and were published in peer-reviewed journals) and exclusion criteria (articles that were non-empirical, were review or opinion papers, or addressed unrelated skills or age groups). Data were gathered through structured searches in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases using keywords such as “reading,” “classroom environment,” and “early literacy.” The search strategy involved combinations of these keywords to maximize retrieval of relevant articles. The findings reveal that both physical and non-physical aspects of the classroom environment, such as seating layout, lighting, social interaction, emotional support, and teacher-student relationships, are critical in enhancing students’ reading readiness, word recognition, fluency, and comprehension. Most articles report that well-organized classrooms with adequate reading resources, supportive emotional climates, and interactive learning settings foster increased student engagement and motivation. Additionally, approaches such as peer-assisted learning, multisensory methods, and differentiated instruction, when integrated into a conducive classroom environment, further support literacy development. Several studies also demonstrate measurable improvements in student performance after environmental modifications, including increased reading scores and more substantial interest in learning. This review offers insight into how classroom conditions significantly impact literacy outcomes and provides practical recommendations for educators to design learning spaces that encourage reading skill acquisition in the early grades. The findings may guide future research and inform teaching strategies to support foundational literacy in primary education.