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Urgensi Aksesibilitas bagi Penyandang Disabilitas pada Perbankan Berbasis Inklusi Keuangan Afkari, Fahmi; Maulana, Diky Faqih
Jurnal Penelitian Kesejahteraan Sosial Vol. 20 No. 3 (2021): Jurnal Penelitian Kesejahteraan Sosial
Publisher : Balai Besar Litbang Pelayanan Kesejahteraan Sosial

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31105/jpks.v21i3.2759

Abstract

Penyandang disabilitas merupakan subjek hukum dan memiliki hak mendapatkan pelayanan pada instansi jasa keuangan. Namun pada praktiknya, lembaga keuangan khususnya perbankan masih belum terbuka bagi penyandang disabilitas. Banyak kendala dan hambatan yang dialami penyandang disabilitas terutama pada akses baik bagi nasabah maupun nonnasabah dari penyandang disabilitas. Penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai urgensi aksesibilitas pada perbankan bagi penyandang disabilitas berbasis inklusi keuangan. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian pustaka dengan pendekatan sosiologis yuridis dan bersifat deksriptif analitis serta diperkuat dengan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kendala internal dari penyandang disabilitas karena lemahnya literasi keuangan dan keadaan ekonomi yang di bawah rata-rata. Namun prinsip dasar inklusi keuangan letaknya ada pada bagaimana layanan yang diberikan oleh penyedia jasa keuangan kepada nasabahnya. Telah ada beberapa bank yang menyediakan aksesibilitas bagi penyandang disabilitas, namun tidak sedikit bank yang belum menyediakan. Untuk menindaklanjuti keuangan yang inklusif, setidaknya perbankan wajib mengadakan aksesibilitas seperti akses untuk kursi roda, desain lantai yang landai (ramp), pegangan tangan (handrail), pintu ramah difabel, toilet ramah difabel, parkir ramah difabel, blok petunjuk sebagai akses penentu arah (guiding block) dan huruf atau angka braille. Adapula beberapa perangkat lunak berupa JAWS, Dolphin Supernova, System Access, Zoom text, Spoken-Web, Readspeaker, Browse Aloud, Amazon Transcribe dan Dragon Speech Recognition Solutions. Apabila perbankan mengadakan aksesibilitas sebagai dimensi utama sebagaipelayanan, maka penyandang disabilitas dapat mengakses tanpa hambatan sehingga program inklusi keuangan dapat terwujud secara merata.
Equality Crowdfunding: Perlindungan Hukum pada Financial Technology di Santara Yogyakarta Chabiba, Omiga; Maulana, Diky Faqih
Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Vol. 11 No. 2 (2022): Supremasi Hukum
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/sh.v11i2.2728

Abstract

Tulisan ini membahas mengenai PT. Santara Daya Inspiratama yang merupakan salah satu platform Layanan Iuran Dana dengan konsep Equity Crowdfunding yang telah mendapatkan izin dari Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dalam Peraturan No.37/POJK.04/2018 tentang Layanan Urun Dana melalui Penawaran Saham Berbasis Teknologi Informasi (Equity crowdfunding). Layanan ini bertujuan mempertemukan pemodal/investor (yang akan membeli saham bisnis UKM) dengan penerbit (UKM atau startup) yang membutuhkan modal untuk pengembangan usahanya. Oleh karenanya, dibutuhkan keamanan dalam berinvestasi bagi segala pihak. Lalu bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak, baik penerbit, platform penyelenggara, maupun pemodal, dalam berinvestasi melalui equity crowdfunding di Santara Yogyakarta? Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa peraturan OJK hanya memuat ketentuan umum mengenai hak kewajiban bagi penerbit dan pemodal. Sedangkan pelanggaran atas perjanjian dan pelaksanaan equity crowdfunding hanya berupa sanksi administratif dan belum mengatur mengenai sanksi pidana atas tindak pidana para pihak. Sedangkan untuk risiko bisnis, Santara masih berupaya untuk meminimalisir risiko usaha, investasi, likuiditas, dan kelangkaan dividen guna mewujudkan kepastian dan perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak, baik penerbit, platform penyelenggara, maupun pemodal dalam berinvestasi melalui equity crowdfunding.
Kedudukan Penyandang Disabilitas pada Lembaga Keuangan di Indonesia: Subjek Hukum, Ahliyah dan Telaah KHES Maulana, Diky Faqih
MUSLIM HERITAGE Vol 8 No 2 (2023): Muslim Heritage: Jurnal Dialog Islam dengan Realitas
Publisher : IAIN Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21154/muslimheritage.v8i2.6924

Abstract

AbstractThe position of persons with disabilities as legal subjects is currently still being pros and cons due to obstacles that are considered as legal barriers. This paper will examine and analyze how far KHES is able to accommodate the position of persons with disabilities as legal subjects, especially when carrying out transactions at financial institutions. This research is a literature with a qualitative descriptive method with a normative juridical approach. The results of this study indicate that the status of ability to accept the law (ahliyah al-wujub), persons with disabilities are considered perfect people and there are no obstacles to receiving legal rights. However, to be competent to act legally (ahliyah al-ada'), the position of persons with disabilities must be adjusted to their ability to act legally. KHES has covered legal subjects, legal prowess and guardianship. However, it has not fully accommodated the legal provisions of the diversity of barriers for persons with disabilities. Article 4 KHES has explained that people who are incapable of carrying out legal actions are entitled to guardianship, in this case accommodating persons with disabilities with severe disabilities, and persons with mental and intellectual disabilities. In addition, Article 10 KHES also explains that guardianship permission can be stated in writing or orally. Article 12 KHES also explains the guardian's power as it comes into effect since the court's decision acquires permanent legal force. And in Article 13 KHES it is explained that the guardian is obliged to guarantee, protect the muwalla and his rights until he is capable of carrying out legal actions. AbstrakKedudukan penyandang disabilitas sebagai subjek hukum, saat ini masih menjadi pro kontra dikarenakan adanya hambatan yang dianggap sebagai penghalang cakap hukum. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji dan menganalisis seberapa jauh KHES mampu mengakomodir kedudukan penyandang disabilitas sebagai subjek hukum terutama saat menjalankan transaksional pada lembaga keuangan. Penelitian ini merupakaan kepustakaan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa status kecakapan menerima hukum (ahliyah al-wujub), penyandang disabilitas termasuk orang yang sempurna dan tidak ada halangan untuk menerima hak hukum. Namun untuk cakap bertindak hukum (ahliyah al-ada’), kedudukan penyandang disabilitas harus disesuaikan dengan kemampuannya untuk bertindak hukum. KHES telah membahas subjek hukum, kecakapan hukum dan perwalian. Namun belum mengakomodir penuh secara ketentuan hukum dari keberagaman hambatan para penyandang disabilitas. Pasal 4 KHES telah menjelaskan bahwa orang yang tidak cakap melakukan perbuatan hukum berhak mendapat pewalian, dalam hal ini mengakomodir penyandang disabilitas dengan hambatan berat, dan penyandang disabilitas mental serta intelektual. Selain itu, pada Pasal 10 KHES juga diterangkan bahwa izin pewalian dapat dinyatakan secara tulisan atau lisan. Pasal 12 KHES juga menjelaskan kekuasaan wali sebagaimana yang mulai berlaku sejak penetapan pengadilan memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap. Serta pada Pasal 13 KHES dijelaskan bahwa wali wajib menjamin, melindungi muwalla dan hak-haknya sampai cakap melakukan perbuatan hukum.
The Government's Role in the Dissolution of PKI: A Legal and Human Rights Perspective Maulana, Afan Husni; Maulana, Diky Faqih
IN RIGHT: Jurnal Agama dan Hak Azazi Manusia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/inright.v12i2.3179

Abstract

The Dissolution of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) has been a matter of concern due to the restriction of the right to associate. On the other hand, the strict prohibition of the PKI's existence is intended to protect individual rights. The communist ideology emerged from the West as a response to the oppression of the bourgeoisie against the proletariat, aiming to establish an authoritarian state while prioritizing welfare. The teachings of the PKI are in conflict with Pancasila as the state philosophy and legislation due to differing state backgrounds. Therefore, it is not appropriate to implement them within the government system, as it poses a threat if the PKI's efforts to seize power were successful. So, what is the government's role in the dissolution of the PKI with a legal and human rights approach? This study employs a normative juridical research method. The research results indicate that the government issued regulations through the MPRS Decree to dissolve the PKI and prohibit the propagation of Marxist-Leninist ideologies in Indonesia. In this context, the government, as a duty bearer, has three obligations. First, to respect means that the PKI and Marxist-Leninist ideologies are strongly prohibited in Indonesia as a sign of the state's respect for the rights of the majority of the population. Second, to protect means that the state guarantees the rights of its citizens by banning the dissemination of communist ideologies, which pose a threat to the citizens' rights as communism does not recognize individual rights. Third, to fulfill means that the MPRS Decree banning the PKI and communist ideologies aims to make the state more democratic by not limiting or reducing citizens' rights, thus ensuring the fulfillment of citizens' rights in a democratic society
Kedudukan Penyandang Disabilitas pada Lembaga Keuangan di Indonesia: Subjek Hukum, Ahliyah dan Telaah KHES Maulana, Diky Faqih
MUSLIM HERITAGE Vol 8 No 2 (2023): Muslim Heritage: Jurnal Dialog Islam dengan Realitas
Publisher : IAIN Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21154/muslimheritage.v8i2.6924

Abstract

AbstractThe position of persons with disabilities as legal subjects is currently still being pros and cons due to obstacles that are considered as legal barriers. This paper will examine and analyze how far KHES is able to accommodate the position of persons with disabilities as legal subjects, especially when carrying out transactions at financial institutions. This research is a literature with a qualitative descriptive method with a normative juridical approach. The results of this study indicate that the status of ability to accept the law (ahliyah al-wujub), persons with disabilities are considered perfect people and there are no obstacles to receiving legal rights. However, to be competent to act legally (ahliyah al-ada'), the position of persons with disabilities must be adjusted to their ability to act legally. KHES has covered legal subjects, legal prowess and guardianship. However, it has not fully accommodated the legal provisions of the diversity of barriers for persons with disabilities. Article 4 KHES has explained that people who are incapable of carrying out legal actions are entitled to guardianship, in this case accommodating persons with disabilities with severe disabilities, and persons with mental and intellectual disabilities. In addition, Article 10 KHES also explains that guardianship permission can be stated in writing or orally. Article 12 KHES also explains the guardian's power as it comes into effect since the court's decision acquires permanent legal force. And in Article 13 KHES it is explained that the guardian is obliged to guarantee, protect the muwalla and his rights until he is capable of carrying out legal actions. AbstrakKedudukan penyandang disabilitas sebagai subjek hukum, saat ini masih menjadi pro kontra dikarenakan adanya hambatan yang dianggap sebagai penghalang cakap hukum. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji dan menganalisis seberapa jauh KHES mampu mengakomodir kedudukan penyandang disabilitas sebagai subjek hukum terutama saat menjalankan transaksional pada lembaga keuangan. Penelitian ini merupakaan kepustakaan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa status kecakapan menerima hukum (ahliyah al-wujub), penyandang disabilitas termasuk orang yang sempurna dan tidak ada halangan untuk menerima hak hukum. Namun untuk cakap bertindak hukum (ahliyah al-ada’), kedudukan penyandang disabilitas harus disesuaikan dengan kemampuannya untuk bertindak hukum. KHES telah membahas subjek hukum, kecakapan hukum dan perwalian. Namun belum mengakomodir penuh secara ketentuan hukum dari keberagaman hambatan para penyandang disabilitas. Pasal 4 KHES telah menjelaskan bahwa orang yang tidak cakap melakukan perbuatan hukum berhak mendapat pewalian, dalam hal ini mengakomodir penyandang disabilitas dengan hambatan berat, dan penyandang disabilitas mental serta intelektual. Selain itu, pada Pasal 10 KHES juga diterangkan bahwa izin pewalian dapat dinyatakan secara tulisan atau lisan. Pasal 12 KHES juga menjelaskan kekuasaan wali sebagaimana yang mulai berlaku sejak penetapan pengadilan memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap. Serta pada Pasal 13 KHES dijelaskan bahwa wali wajib menjamin, melindungi muwalla dan hak-haknya sampai cakap melakukan perbuatan hukum.
WITNESSES OF DIFFABLE IN COURT BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF AHLIYAH IN ISLAM Maulana, Diky Faqih; Chabiba, Omiga; Rozak, Abdul
Al-Maslahah : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 19, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah (Syari'ah Faculty )

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24260/al-maslahah.v19i2.1884

Abstract

This paper discusses the position of disabilities as witnesses in court. Where the requirements for a person to become a legal subject have legal competence and are considered mature. The concept of proficiency in Islam states that disability can be positioned as a barrier to proficiency, but it is different from Indonesian law which states that disability is a legal subject. This research is a qualitative research which is literature study. The results showed that the disability condition does not result in a loss of position as a legal subject as long as it does not involve limitations in testifying in court. Disability witnesses can be accepted if it meets the requirements as a legal subject. Disability witnesses also needs to be adjusted according to their abilities. However, if a doctor or psychiatrist considers matters regarding the weak ability of a person with a disability, the district court has the right to determine a person with a legal disability.
Mudharabah Contracts at KJKS BMT UGT Sidogiri: Implementation and Analysis of the Compilation of Sharia Economic Laws Hafid, Hafid; Maulana, Diky Faqih
Az-Zarqa': Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Islam Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023): Az Zarqa'
Publisher : Sharia and Law Faculty of Sunan Kalijaga Islamic State University Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/azzarqa.v15i1.2727

Abstract

Abstract: The research is motivated by the practice of Mudharabah contracts at KJKS BMT UGT Sidogiri Branch Sidodadi Surabaya, where the implementation of the offer and acceptance (ijab qabul) terms in Mudharabah contracts for opening Shariah Savings Accounts does not align with the guidelines set by the central KJKS BMT UGT Sidogiri. The purpose of this research is to examine the implementation of Mudharabah contracts in Shariah Savings Accounts at KJKS BMT UGT Sidogiri Branch Sidodadi Surabaya and to understand the implementation of Mudharabah contracts in Shariah Savings Accounts at KJKS BMT UGT Sidogiri Branch Sidodadi Surabaya from the perspective of Islamic Economic Jurisprudence (KHES). The research method used in this study is qualitative research. This research falls under the category of field research. Data collection was conducted through observation techniques, interviews, documentation, and purposive sampling to address the issues in the field. Data analysis was performed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The findings of this research reveal several key points. Firstly, the procedure for opening Shariah Savings Accounts at KJKS BMT UGT Sidogiri Branch Sidodadi complies with the regulations of KJKS BMT UGT Sidogiri Central. However, during the implementation of the Akad Shigat, it is expressed with the terms of a trust (wadi'ah) contract, which is not in accordance with the procedure for Mudharabah contracts. Secondly, the officials still use the terms of a trust (wadi'ah) contract during the Akad Shigat, while the instructions from KJKS BMT UGT Sidogiri Central state that all savings products should use the terms of a Mudharabah contract. According to KHES, as stipulated in Article 49, Paragraphs 1 and 2, there is no allowance for alternative interpretations in the contract interpretation. Abstrak: Penelitian dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya praktek akad mudharabah di KJKS BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Sidodadi Surabaya dimana pelaksanaan shighat ijab qabul akad mudharabah pada pembukaan Tabungan Umum Syariah menggunakan akad titipan yang tidak sesuai dengan juknis dari KJKS BMT UGT Sidogiri Pusat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui implementasi akad Mudharabah pada Tabungan Umum Syariah di KJKS BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Sidodadi Surabaya dan mengetahui implementasi akad Mudharabah pada Tabungan Umum Syariah di KJKS BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Sidodadi Surabaya dalam perspektif KHES.  Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik observasi, Interview/ wawancara, dokumentasi dan purposive sampling guna menjawab permasalahan yang ada di lapangan. Sedangkan analisa data menggunakan teknik analisa deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa temuan. Pertama, prosedur pembukaan buku Tabungan Umum Syariah di KJKS BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Sidodadi sesuai dengan ketentuan KJKS BMT UGT Sidogiri Pusat. Namun, ketika pelaksanaan Shigat Akad, diucapkan dengan sighat akad titipan (wadi’ah) tidak sesuai dengan prosedur akad mudharabah. Kedua, pelaksanaan sighat akad petugas masih menggunakan sighat akad titipan (wadi’ah), sedangkan instruksi dari KJKS BMT UGT Sidogiri Pusat, seluruh produk tabungan menggunakan sighat akad mudharabah. Berdasarkan KHES pada pasal 49 Ayat 1 dan 2 tersebut tidak diperbolehkan adanya interpretasi lain dalam penafsiran akad.
The Paradigm of Islamic Legal Sociology Towards Counterfeit Books Transactions in The Yogyakarta Maulana, Diky Faqih; Rozak, Abdul; Mursyid, Achmad Yafik
Az-Zarqa': Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Islam Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022): Az-Zarqa'
Publisher : Sharia and Law Faculty of Sunan Kalijaga Islamic State University Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/azzarqa.v14i2.2895

Abstract

AbstractThe more rapid development of civilization is directly proportional to the rapid pace of economic activity, including the buying and selling activity of counterfeit goods.  In An-Nisa verse 29, it is explained that it is prohibited to eat property in vanity, so according to the Copyright Law the transaction is clearly against the law.  Departing from this background, what is the mechanism for the practice of buying and selling Counterfeit goods?  Why is this practice still being done?  What is the perspective of the sociology of Islamic law on this case?  This type of research is field research, deductive analytic with a sociology of law approach.  The conclusion of this study is, this practice is carried out when a book supplier offers pirated books to sellers at an agreed price or booksellers order from suppliers according to consumer demand.  This practice still occurs due to the demands of the seller's economy, buyers' high interest in reading and weak sanctions.  This practice is included in the category of complaint offense, where if no party feels aggrieved and reports there will be no legal process.  This state in Islam is called 'urf fasid.AbstrakSemakin pesatnya perkembangan peradaban, berbanding lurus dengan pesatnya aktivitas ekonomi tidak terkecuali aktivitas jual beli barang counterfeit. Dalam An-Nisa ayat 29 dijelaskan dilarang memakan harta secara batil, begitupula menurut UU Hak Cipta transaksi tersebut jelas melanggar hukum. Berangkat dari latar belakang tersebut, Bagaimana mekanisme praktik jual beli barang Counterfeit ? Mengapa praktik ini masih dilakukan ? Bagaimana perspektif sosiologi hukum Islam terhadap kasus tersebut ? Jenis penelitian ini adalah field research, bersifat deduktif analitik dengan pendekatan sosiologi hukum. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah, praktik ini dilakukan ketika supplier buku menawarkan buku bajakan kepada para penjual dengan harga yang disepakati atau penjual buku memesan kepada supplier sesuai permintaan konsumen. Praktik ini masih terjadi karena tuntutan ekonomi penjual, minat baca yang tinggi pembeli dan lemahnya sanksi. Praktik tersebut termasuk kategori delik aduan, dimana apabila tidak ada pihak yang merasa dirugikan dan melaporkan maka tidak akan ada proses hukum. Keadaan ini dalam Islam disebut ‘urf fasid.
Transisi Otoritas Sertifikasi Halal Pasca UU No. 33 Tahun 2014: Telaah Maslahah dan Kepastian Hukum Maulana, Diky Faqih
Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum Vol 53 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : UINSunan Kalijaga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajish.v53i2.1591

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the transition of authority in halal certification following the enactment of Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Assurance (UU JPH). Before this law, halal certification in Indonesia was dominated by non-governmental institutions, particularly the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) through its Assessment Institute for Foods, Drugs and Cosmetics (LPPOM). The HPA Law introduced a significant change by establishing the Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency (BPJPH) as a state authority. This research employs a library research method with a normative juridical and statutory approach. The analysis focuses on the alignment of the HPA Law with the Islamic legal principle of maslahah and the legal principle of legal certainty in positive law. The findings indicate that Law No. 33 of 2014 is substantially in line with the concept of maslahah, as it protects the rights of Muslim consumers to obtain halal product assurance. Furthermore, the formation of BPJPH reflects the principle of legal certainty in terms of authority, procedures, and supervision. Thus, the transition of halal certification authority from religious to state institutions is not only legally valid but also accommodates Islamic values. This study contributes to strengthening the legal legitimacy of the halal system in Indonesia based on both sharia and national legal norms. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis transisi kewenangan dalam penyelenggaraan sertifikasi halal setelah diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal (UU JPH). Sebelumnya, sertifikasi halal di Indonesia didominasi oleh lembaga non-pemerintah, khususnya Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) melalui LPPOM. UU JPH kemudian menghadirkan perubahan signifikan dengan membentuk Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Produk Halal (BPJPH) sebagai otoritas negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Fokus analisis diarahkan pada kesesuaian UU JPH dengan prinsip maslahah dalam hukum Islam serta asas kepastian hukum dalam hukum positif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UU No. 33 Tahun 2014 secara substansial telah sejalan dengan konsep maslahah karena memberikan perlindungan terhadap hak konsumen Muslim dalam mengakses informasi dan jaminan kehalalan produk. Di sisi lain, kehadiran BPJPH sebagai lembaga negara mencerminkan prinsip kepastian hukum, baik dari aspek kewenangan, prosedur, maupun pengawasan. Dengan demikian, transisi otoritas sertifikasi halal dari lembaga keagamaan ke lembaga negara tidak hanya sah secara hukum, tetapi juga mengakomodasi nilai-nilai syariah. Kajian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam memperkuat legitimasi hukum halal di Indonesia dengan landasan syariah dan norma hukum nasional.