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All Journal PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Best Journal (Biology Education, Sains and Technology) Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Petugas Pengelola Obat dengan Tingkat Ketersediaan Obat Di Puskesmas Kota Malang Jurnal Farmasi dan Sains Indonesia (JFSI) Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy International Conference on Health Science, Green Economics, Educational Review and Technology (IHERT) JPNM : Jurnal Pustaka Nusantara Multidisiplin Generics : Journal of Research in Pharmacy
Sumule, Arsiaty
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Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health Social Sciences

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The Optimization of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Stearic Acid in Citronella EssentialOil (Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle) Paper Soap Formula as An Antibacterial for Staphylococcus aureus Sumule, Arsiaty; Endang Diyah Ikasari; Cahyani, Intan Martha; Vitara, Dea
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/

Abstract

Introduction: Hands that look clean can be a medium for transmitting germs. Therefore, one of the prevention efforts that can be done is diligently washing hands using soap and running water, so that practical soap preparations such as paper soap are needed. The high content of terpenoid compounds and strong antibacterial activity in citronella essential oil (Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle) has the potential to be developed in paper soap preparations. The paper soap formulation of citronella essential oil was prepared using a combination of PVA and stearic acid. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of the using PVA and stearic acid on physical characteristics in the citronella essential oil paper soap and determine the ratio of the concentrations of PVA and stearic acid in the optimum formula using the Simplex Lattice Design method. Methods: Paper soap formula optimization analyzed by Simplex Lattice Design method using Design Expert 10.0.1. Optimized parameters were pH, foam stability, free alkali, tensile strength, and percentage elongation. The optimum formula was tested for antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The results of Design Expert 10.0.1 showed that the optimum formula with a concentration ratio of PVA was 5.113% and stearic acid was 2.387%. The experimental results obtained an average of pH 10.95; foam stability 90.66%; free alkali 0.08%; tensile strength 0.7185 N/m2; and percentage elongation 15.12%. The results of the one sample T-test showed that these observations are differed not significantly to the result of the predictions indicating that the equation of each optimization parameter was valid except for the percentage elongation. The optimum formula has antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 8.52 mm. Conclusion: PVA and stearic acid have a significant effect on optimization response.
Co-Authors Apriana, Lina Bahmani-Oskooee, Mohsen Delfaheda, Yulia Delfahedah, Yulia Efendi, Gindo Emi Sugesti, Emi Endang Diyah Ikasari Fairu, Nur Love Suci Fricilia, Dini Haloho, Elia Hanindiya, Beta Hendri Kurniawan, Hendri Intan Martha Cahyani, Intan Martha Lily, Cut Meyana Marbun Nababan, Octavian Nainggolan, Berliana Christina Nainggolan, Oshin Maria Nurdian, Rubi Oktadiana, Isma Parlagutan Lubis, M.Yusuf Purba, Desi Marliani Samosir, Wilson Saputri, Retno Esti Sastri Mara, Dilla Sihombing, Yodih Agrida Syahfitri, Latifah Tambunan, Morina Tiara Vitara, Dea