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<![CDATA[EFEKTIVITAS EMBARGO DALAM MENDORONG DEMOKRATISASI DI MYANMAR ]]>
<![CDATA[Pramono, Sugiarto]]>
<![CDATA[ Forum Ilmu Sosial Vol 40, No 1 (2013): June 2013 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/fis.v40i1.5378
<![CDATA[International pressure on the junta in Myanmar (in particular the American, UN and Europe embargo) becomes positive signal to the democracy movement in the country, although effective or not is still questionable. Notto mention the matter is completed, the pessimism of development of democracy in Myanmar is reinforced by the approach of two new giant in the world economy (India and China); and "naughty child", North Korea. As two country with high economic growth, energy needs can not be Words: Embargo, effectiveness postponed. energy Interests of the two giant meets the Myanmar interests that one side has abundant energy resources such as natural gas and petroleum, but on the other hand require political support from India and China because of international pressure. And, the argument of realist "enemies enemy is a friend" has encourage North Korea to supply nuclear technology to Myanmar. In addition to these international factors, this study also found a number of patterns associated with the involvement of China, India and North Korea in the failure of the embargo: (1) distribution of the power of the global political economy has become more complex. USA, EU and the UN are not longer a global actors uncontested, the rise of the Asian giants seem to weaken if reluctant to say: terminate their domination; (2) the pattern of change in the political-economic power shift from the previous one in the west (America and Europe) moved to the east (India and China); and (3) changes in the pattern would seem to open the possibility of changing of the behavior of third world countries who are seen, one of which is Myanmar's behavior]]>
<![CDATA[EFEKTIVITAS EMBARGO DALAM MENDORONG DEMOKRATISASI DI MYANMAR ]]>
<![CDATA[Pramono, Sugiarto]]>
<![CDATA[ Forum Ilmu Sosial Vol 41, No 1 (2014): June 2014 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/fis.v41i1.5395
<![CDATA[International pressure on the junta in Myanmar (in particular the American, UN and Europe embargo) becomes positive signal to the democracy movement in the country, although effective or not is still questionable. Not to mention the matter is completed, the pessimism of development of democracy in Myanmar is reinforced by the approach of two new giant in th world economy (India and China); and "naughty child", North Korea. As two country with high economic growth, energy needs can not be Words: Embargo, effectiveness postponed. energy Interests of the two giant meets the Myanmar interests that one side has abundant energy resources such as natural gas and petroleum, but on the other hand require political support from India and China because of international pressure. And, the argument of realist "enemies enemy is a friend" has encourage North Korea to supply nuclear technology to Myanmar. In addition to these international factors, this study also found a number of patterns associated with the involvement of China, India and North Korea in the failure of the embargo: (1) distribution of the power of the global political economy has become more complex. USA, EU and the UN are not longer a global actors uncontested, the rise of the Asian giants seem to weaken if reluctant to say: terminate their domination; (2) the pattern of change in the political-economic power shift from the previous one in the west (America and Europe) moved to the east (India and China); and (3) changes in the pattern would seem to open the possibility of changing of the behavior of third world countries who are seen, one of which is Myanmar's behavior.]]>
<![CDATA[The Changes of India's Attitudes towards Myanmar from Confrontative to Cooperative ]]>
<![CDATA[Sugiarto Pramono]]>;
<![CDATA[Nackor Kimetene]]>
<![CDATA[ Proceeding Of The International Seminar and Conference on Global Issues 2016: The 2nd Annual International Seminar and Conference on Global Issues 2016 (ISCoGI 2016) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Proceeding Of The International Seminar and Conference on Global Issues ]]>
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<![CDATA[This article aims to explain the shift of India's foreign policy towards Myanmar, from confrontation toward cooperation that occurred at the end of the cold war. The findings of this study is that the shift is driven by a series of factors both at domestic and international level. At the domestic level the interests of business collaboration with the authorities of being behind merapatnya India to Myanmar. While at the international level a number of situations make India to position of behave that way. The collapse of the Soviet Union; Indian trade with Indochina; and the influence of China and Pakistan in Myanmar make India to approach Myanmar. this study is very interesting because it has economic and political implications in the future of Asia. Keywords: non-state actors, cooperation, confrontation, foreign policy.]]>
<![CDATA[KESENJANGAN KAWASAN DAN STRATEGI PEMBANGUNAN LOKAL MENGHADAPI ASEAN ECONOMY COMMUNITY 2015 ]]>
<![CDATA[Sugiarto Pramono .]]>
<![CDATA[ SPEKTRUM Vol 14, No 2 (2013) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v14i2.936
<![CDATA[Abstrct This paper aims to design a local strategy to decrease the economic disparities in Southeast Asia to build a foundation for the ASEAN Economic Community 2015 (AEC 2015). The argument in this paper was prepared on the assumption, that the region's economic liberalization was not accompanied by the readiness of the local economy will produce gaps. Recommendation of this paper was the readiness of the local economy should be priorities in facing the AEC in 2015. Key Words: Asean Economic Commonity, local economy]]>
<![CDATA[Resensi Buku: Melawan Gurita Neoliberalisme ]]>
<![CDATA[Sugiarto Pramono]]>
<![CDATA[ SPEKTRUM Vol 8, No 1 (2011) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v8i1.481
<![CDATA[Globalisasi dengan aneka implikasi ekonomi-politiknya menjadi realitas yang nyaris tidak dapat dielaki—bila enggan untuk mengatakan tidak bisa sama sekali. Efeknya tidak hanya dapat dirasakan namun samapai pada tahap mampu mengendalikan hingga bagian kehidupan kita yang paling pribadi sekalipun. Baik menolak maupun menerima realitas globalisasi, setiap negara atau bahkan individu di dalamnya, tetap “dipaksa” untuk masuk ke dalam arus besar ini, sehingga satu-satunya cara yang paling rasional adalah masuk ke dalamnya sembari terus-menerus mempertangguh diri.]]>
<![CDATA[MENEROPONG MASA DEPAN KOMUNITAS ASEAN 2015: Studi Prediksi atas Komunitas ASEAN di Asia Tenggara ]]>
<![CDATA[Sugiarto Pramono]]>
<![CDATA[ SPEKTRUM Vol 7, No 1 (2010) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v7i1.494
<![CDATA[AbstractIn this paper—through four barometers—writer predicts future ASEAN Community 2015: (1) geography, which is shaped continents or islands, (2) etnicity, homogeneous or hiterogen, (3) the intensity of the war in the past, how often and big? and (4) how much of the political will of key policy makers to create a regional community?. At the end of the article concluded that the ASEAN community 2015, apparently through steep winding road, if not fail.Key words: community, regionality, integration]]>
<![CDATA[HAK ASASI MANUSIA VIS A VIS PEMBANGUNAN: BERTEMUNYA KEPENTINGAN INDIA, CINA DAN MYANMAR ]]>
<![CDATA[sugiarto . pramono]]>
<![CDATA[ SPEKTRUM Vol 11, No 1 (2014): . ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v11i1.1070
<![CDATA[AbstractHuman rights emerged as a global issue at least the post-cold war. Almost all countries in the world recognized human rights principles. Various attempts were made by countries and various International Non-Governmental Organizations who are committed to upholding the values of human rights. Through multilateral negotiations involving the mass media; interestgroups and pressor groups; the academics and civil society to to promote and declare the values of human rights. But, political realism of states in the pursuit of national interests oftenignore the values of human right. The economic growth of India and China are very progressive and make these countries need access to markets, raw materials and energy. those Insistenceencourage the two government closer to the military junta in Myanmar. Though junta in Myanmar to be an actor severe human rights violations. This article came to the conclusion, thegovernment's commitment to the enforcement of human rights shifted when in conflict with economic interests. Two records that appear are: first, the rate of the Indian economy and Chinahas implications for both countries increasingly indifferent to the affairs of human rights in Myanmar; second, there is a symbiotic mutualism relationship between the two countries with Myanmar that could potentially hinder the enforcement of human rights, especially in Myanmar.Keywords: Realism, development, human rights.]]>
<![CDATA[CHINA AND THE LONG CYCLE THEORY: Correction of Modelski’s Long Cycle Theory Through the Experience of China's Rise ]]>
<![CDATA[Sugiarto Pramono]]>;
<![CDATA[Liu Changming]]>
<![CDATA[ SPEKTRUM Vol 19, No 1 (2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v19i1.5626
<![CDATA[Modelski's Long Cycle Theory influences the way scholars understand the process of world political history, including the continuation of the dynamics of world politics in the future. Modelski and his scholars suggest that the facts of the 500-year history of global politics reflect the Long Cycle pattern in which a new great power emerges every 100 years after a global war. This theory is corrected by the historical facts of China's rise in the last 40 years which proves the truth of the Long Cycle Theory on the one hand but at the same time also corrects the theory. New facts tell us that the rise of China as a new great power was not accompanied by a global war as Modelski and his supporting scholars explain. The results of this study tell us that the Long Cycle of global politics needs to be corrected.Keywords: Rise of China, great power, global war, long cycle theory.AbstrakTeori Siklus Panjang Modelski berpengaruh pada cara para sarjana memahami proses sejarah politik dunia, termasuk keberlangsungan dinamika politik dunia selanjutnya. Modelski dan para cendekiawan pendukungnya menginduksikan bahwa fakta sejarah 500 tahun politik global mencerminkan pola Siklus Panjang di mana sebuah kekuatan besar baru muncul setiap 100 tahun setelah sebuah perang global. Teori ini dikoreksi oleh fakta sejarah kebangkitan China dalam 40 tahun terakhir yang membuktikan kebenaran Teori Siklus Panjang di satu sisi tetapi pada saat yang sama juga mengoreksi teori tersebut. Fakta baru memberitahu kita bahwa kebangkitan Cina sebagai kekuatan besar baru tidak disertai dengan perang global sebagaimana penjelasan Modelski dan para sarjaba pendukungnya. Hasil penelitian ini memberi tahu kita bahwa Siklus Panjang politik global perlu dikoreksi.Kata kunci: Kebangkitan Tiongkok, kekuatan besar, perang global, teori siklus panjang.]]>
<![CDATA[STRATEGI KEBANGKITAN EKONOMI TIONGKOK DAN PENDEKATAN LONG CYCLE TRANSISI KEKUASAAN POLITIK DUNIA ]]>
<![CDATA[Yoga Suharman]]>;
<![CDATA[Sugiarto Pramono]]>
<![CDATA[ SPEKTRUM Vol 18, No 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v18i1.4098
<![CDATA[The rise of China reflects the reality of international politics today. Even though its emergence has only been sequenced since at least the economic reforms in 1987, the commitment of the Chinese nation was able to bring it to its position as a dynamist and shaping the global political economy order. Economic leaps, technology, research, and even the military outperformed many European countries and is even said to have matched the United States. How the economic strategy and the implications of China's rise to global politics are the focus of the study in this paper. In order to answer this question, the author examines the approach of capitalism with Chinese characteristics and long cycle in world politics using qualitative methods that utilize interpretive analysis techniques and literature review. Based on the authors argue that China's economic revival cannot be separated from the international trade strategy and financial policies adopted by the country. Meanwhile, China's rise sparked a reaction from the guarantor of hegemonic stability, namely the United States. The dynamics of the relationship between the two major countries is still the center of debate in the study of the global political economy today. Keywords: long cycle, world politics, financial strategy, the shifting power, power shifting]]>
<![CDATA[PERJUANGAN MENUJU FAIR TRADE: PENGALAMAN APIKRI DALAM MEMEDIATORI PENGRAJIN LOKAL DAN D’ BEST FURNITURE DALAM MENSIASATI ECO-LABELING ]]>
<![CDATA[Sugiarto Pramono]]>
<![CDATA[ SPEKTRUM Vol 12, No 2 (2012) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v12i2.468
<![CDATA[Abstract This paper describes the experience of two types of fair trade actors, APIKRI and D'Best Furniture (first: non governmen organization and second: companies) in the fight for fair trade values. Commitment to the values of justice in the midst of market anarchism is a tough job. Orientation profit alone often makes the market justifies a variety of ways. Both organizations use creativity to still be able to survive in the anarchic market dynamics. Key Word: Fair Trade, fairness, Free Trade]]>
