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The Urgency Of Green Ship Recycling Methods And Its Regulations In Indonesia From The International Law Perspective Bismo Jiwo Agung; Arie Afriansyah
Unram Law Review Vol 6 No 2 (2022): Unram Law Review(ULREV)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ulrev.v6i2.236

Abstract

One of the critical problems for ships utilization is the limited operative life which affect its efficiency. Therefore, ship owners tend to send these ships for recycling. On the one hand, ship recycling industry can absorb labour and become a source of state revenue. Nevertheless, these activities significantly affect the preservation of the marine environment if not appropriately managed. Marine waste pollution is an essential issue in global context. Regrettably, as a country with a massive shipping intensity and geographically a strategic location, Indonesia does not have a comprehensive national policy regarding recycling ships weighing for 500 GT or more. The government allows conventional ship recycling methods that are not environmentally friendly and sustainably, which contradicts Indonesia's commitment to supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Thus, Indonesia is vulnerable to claims regarding poor pollution management due to ship dismantling activities. The claim could be addressed to the state’s responsibility, which refered to international instruments such as conventions and guidelines in terms of preventing pollution to neighboring countries originating from ship breaking and dismantling activities that lack regulation and measures. This article argues the urgency to reform the current national ship recycling regime in the future to apply a greener method by alluding to international general principles, customary and jurisprudence.
The Role Of Cites Management Authorities On The Law Enforcement Process On Shark Finning Crimes In Indonesia Rafika Rizky Aulia Rahman; Arie Afriansyah
Unram Law Review Vol 6 No 2 (2022): Unram Law Review(ULREV)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ulrev.v6i2.248

Abstract

Sharks are one of the animals that are included in the CITES Appendix list and occupy the top position in the food chain in marine ecosystems. But in reality, these animals are often becomes the main catch targets or by-catch targets. The practice of shark finning is one of the activities that refer to cutting only the fins of sharks and throwing the rest of the body (whether alive or dead) back into the sea. If the animals that are at the top of the food chain in the sea are exploited irresponsibly so that they are threatened with extinction, this will have an impact not only on the species itself but will also have to impact other species and damage the marine environment. The purpose of this article is to find out how the role of management authorities in law enforcement in the crime of shark finning in Indonesian waters. Thus the question in this article is, how law enforcement will be able to suppress shark finning activities that occur in Indonesian waters. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach and is supported by secondary data based on available literature to explore about shark finning crime. Research results show that the Ministry of Maritime and Fisheries as the Indonesian fish resource management authority has participated in the Task Force to eradicate illegal fishing under the rules of the Minister of Maritime and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia related to the standard operating procedures of the Law Enforcement Task Force to Eliminate Illegal Fishing as a specific criminal charge for the crime of shark finning as transnational crime. If activities are carried out in the waters of Indonesia, the charges for fines of sharks in the waters of Indonesia are under the jurisdiction of Indonesia as a sovereign state.
Securitization of the Merchant Vessels by the Private Contracted Armed Security Personnel: A Legal Perspective Selo Pasha Purnawarnantha; Arie Afriansyah
LAW REFORM Vol 17, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER ILMU HUKUM FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (164.381 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/lr.v17i2.41771

Abstract

Shipping trade commodities using commercial ships through the sea that are safe and free from security disturbances is a prerequisite for spinning a country's economy. However, not all seas in this world are safe. There are many areas of waters categorized as high-risk areas. UNCLOS regulates that a safe sea implies that the sea is free from threats or disruptions to the activities of peaceful sea use or utilization, among others, free from threats of violence in the form of piracy, sabotage, and armed terrorism at sea. Conditions gave rise to private security services on board called PCASP (Private Contracted Armed Security Personnel). This article aims to find out how to set up PCASP internationally and according to Indonesian law. This research uses secondary data materials, namely books, journal articles, and papers relevant to this research obtained from print and internet media. The use of PCASP supports the safety and security clause in UNCLOS 1982. IMO as an instrument of the United Nations in charge of maintaining and controlling international regulations on the safety and security of ships and ports. The maritime transportation authority in Indonesia does not require PCASP service nor approves commercial shipping companies to present PCASP on board.
(Un)Blurred Concept of Sovereign Rights at Sea : Implementation Context Arie Afriansyah; Dila Paruna; Rania Andiani
LAW REFORM Vol 16, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER ILMU HUKUM FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (151.582 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/lr.v16i1.30310

Abstract

The term “sovereign rights” has been used on many occasions in referring to coastal states’ actions in exploring and exploiting the ocean’s natural resources beyond their sovereign territory. Not to mention the lack of comprehension between “sovereignty” and “sovereign rights” of the general public, it appears that the last term is also lacking clear definition available for a legal basis. This clarity is crucial to give the legal certainty for states’ entitlement to conduct actions within their jurisdictions. This paper tries to clarify the legal definition of “sovereign rights” under international dan national practice. It concludes that no single universally accepted definition of sovereign rights. The explanation of rights and duties of such a definition is mostly practiced both internationally and nationally. The finding is based on the survey of the implementation of international rules, international judgments, and Indonesian court decisions.
YURISDIKSI INDONESIA SEBAGAI NEGARA PANTAI DALAM PROTEKSI KAPAL KARAM SEBAGAI WARISAN BUDAYA BAWAH LAUT Sakina Fakhriah; Arie Afriansyah
Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 7 No 1 (2022): Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24246/jrh.2022.v7.i1.p123-142

Abstract

Artikel ini membahas hak dan kewajiban negara pantai atas pencarian, pemanfaatan, dan perlindungan benda-benda bersejarah bawah air yang diamanatkan oleh hukum internasional yang diatur dalam Konvensi Hukum Laut Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (UNCLOS 1982) dan Konvensi Warisan Budaya Bawah Laut (UCH Convention). Tulisan ini melihat bahwa perlindungan UCH di Indonesia menjadi tidak maksimal dikarenakan regulasi nasional yang disharmonis dan inkonsisten. Temuan lain adalah Indonesia belum meratifikasi UCH Convention karena adanya perbedaan prinsip dasar UCH Convention dengan kepentingan Indonesia. Artikel ini menggunakan metode perbandingan terhadap sejumlah regulasi nasional. Pada akhirnya, artikel mencoba untuk memaparkan langkah-langkah terbaik bagi instansi terkait dalam menyusun strategi perlindungan dan pengelolaan UCH yang efektif, dengan cara memaparkan kendala dan langkah strategis yang dapat pemerintah Indonesia terapkan tanpa harus melakukan ratifikasi UCH Convention. Salah satu upayanya adalah dengan melakukan reformasi regulasi melalui penguatan kedaulatan Indonesia, pengetatan izin dan peningkatan kontrol dan pengawasan yang lebih terstruktur, serta peningkatan koordinasi antar-instansi.
REFUGEE BURDEN SHARING: AN EVOLVING REFUGEE PROTECTION CONCEPT? Arie Afriansyah; Angky Banggaditya
Arena Hukum Vol. 10 No. 3 (2017)
Publisher : Arena Hukum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (8560.019 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2017.01003.1

Abstract

AbstractThis article discusses cooperation between states as part of the international community in handling and protecting the refugees which arrive in one's territory massively, observed from international law standpoint. The concept of cooperation, which is further known as burden sharing concept, is rooted from the principle of international cooperation and international solidarity which is developing as a principle agreed by states and are widely recognized as a general principle of law. The central question is how such concept exists under international law and how is the implementation by states, especially Indonesia. It concludes that burden sharing is a concept that is still evolving so that there is no rigid guidance in the implementation yet. Therefore, there are varieties of implementation mechanisms among states. In relation with Indonesia, it needs support from other countries in handling the mass influx of refugees, especially the Rohingya refugees. Finally, this article suggests that as part of international community, states should always assert their contribution in accommodating the mass influx of refugees which certainly would very burdening if it is handled only by one state.AbstrakArtikel ini membahas kerjasama antar Negara sebagai bagian dari masyarakat internasional dalam menangani dan melindungi para pengungsi yang tiba di wilayah tertentu secara besar-besaran, berdasarkan sudut pandang hukum internasional. Konsep kerjasama, yang selanjutnya dikenal dengan konsep pembagian beban (burden-sharing), berakar dari prinsip kerjasama internasional dan solidaritas internasional yang berkembang sebagai prinsip yang disepakati oleh Negara dan dikenal secara luas sebagai prinsip umum hukum. Pertanyaan utamanya adalah bagaimana konsep tersebut di bawah hokum internasional dan bagaimana pelaksanaannya oleh negara-negara, khususnya Indonesia. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembagian beban (burden-sharing) adalah konsep yang masih terus berkembang sehingga belum ada panduan yang kaku dalam pelaksanaannya. Oleh karena itu, ada beberapa jenis mekanisme pelaksanaan antarnegara. Berkaitan dengan Indonesia, dibutuhkan dukungan dari negara lain dalam menangani masuknya massa pengungsi, terutama pengungsi Rohingya. Akhirnya, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagai bagian dari masyarakat internasional, Negara harus selalu memberikan kontribusi mereka dalam mengakomodasi masuknya massa pengungsi yang tentunya akan sangat membebani jika ditangani hanya oleh satu negara.
Antisipasi Indonesia Dalam Pembentukan Kesepakatan Internasional Mengenai Pemanfaatan Keanekaragaman Hayati di Wilayah Luar Yurisdiksi Nasional Igor Yoso; Arie Afriansyah
Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 9 No. 2: August 2021 : Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan
Publisher : Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ius.v9i2.854

Abstract

Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa tentang Hukum Laut Tahun 1982 (The 1982 United Nations Convention on The Law of The Sea (UNCLOS 1982)) belum mengatur mengenai pemanfaatan keanekaragaman hayati di wilayah luar yurisdiksi nasional, tidak boleh ada negara manapun yang melakukan kedaulatannya pada wilayah di luar yurisdiksi nasional yang terdiri dari Laut Bebas dan Kawasan (The Area) sehingga dianggap telah melanggar ketentuan dari UNCLOS. Namun, seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi para ilmuwan menemukan terdapat potensi-potensi dari keanekaragaman hayati yang bisa dimanfaatkan pada wilayah tersebut. Dengan adanya penemuan potensi tersebut, memicu Indonesia dan negara-negara lainnya untuk melakukan eksplorasi dan eksploitasi keanekaragaman hayati di luar yuridiksinya. Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) kemudian mengupayakan pembentukan pengaturan pemanfaatan keanekaragaman hayati di wilayah yurisdiksi nasional dengan cara mengakomodir pertimbangan negara-negara anggota melalui Intergovernmental Conference on Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction. Pada konferensi ini akan diuraikan draft teks perjanjian hukum internasional yang mengikat secara hukum di bawah UNCLOS yang mengatur khusus mengenai konservasi dan pemanfaatan berkelanjutan keanekaragaman hayati laut di wilayah luar yurisdiksi nasional.
Pelanggaran Penelitian Ilmiah Kelautan Tanpa Izin oleh Pihak Asing di Wilayah Indonesia M. Ikhsan Lapadengan; Arie Afriansyah
Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law Vol 4 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/up.v4i1.19575

Abstract

Scientific understanding of the sea is very important for human activities on the marine environment and the biota contained therein in order to maintain marine ecosystems. It affects the marine environment and the biota contained therein. Marine scientific research refers to various disciplines, such as biology, biotechnology, geology, chemistry, physics, geophysics, hydrography, physical oceanography, and marine drilling. Nevertheless, it is necessary to regulate marine scientific research, both from international law and national law of coastal countries. Indonesia as a member of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, has the authority to regulate and enforce the law on marine scientific research in the jurisdiction of its country. This article will be talk about how Indonesia, as a sovereign country, regulates the jurisdiction of its country, in terms of marine scientific research, as well as how Indonesia's efforts to enforce the law against foreign parties who carry out marine scientific research in its territory. Enforcement of this law will have a major impact on the security of sovereignty and the advancement of science and technology in the marine sector for Indonesia.
Keberadaan dan Evolusi Prinsip Common But Differentiated Responsibilities dalam Instrumen Hukum Internasional Amira Bilqis; Arie Afriansyah
Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika Vol 4, No 2 (2020): September 2020
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Hukum Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (934.935 KB) | DOI: 10.25072/jwy.v4i2.379

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran terkait perkembangan prinsip CBDR, diikuti dengan elaborasi dua elemen, yaitu common responsibility dan differentiated responsibility serta memberikan penjelasan mengenai implementasi prinsip CBDR dalam beberapa instrumen hukum internasional.Penelitian yang dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif, di mana penelitian dilakukan dengan mengkaji taraf sinkronisasi instrumen internasional melalui studi kepustakaan.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif di mana penulis mengelaborasi kedudukan CBDR sebagai prinsip hukum lingkungan internasional melalui analisis implementasinya pada instrumen hukum internasional secara umum. Artikel ini berkesimpulan bahwa eksistensi prinsip CBDR dalam instrumen internasional terkait terdapat dalam tiga periode: awalan pembentukan prinsip, kristalisasi konsep dalam intrumen hukum internasional dan lahirnya aturan khusus sebagai bentuk lanjutan dari konsep CBDR khususnya dalam bidang perubahan iklim. AbstractThis article aims to provide an overview of the development of the CBDR, followed by an elaboration of two elements, the principle of general responsibility and differentiated responsibility as well as providing an explanation of the implementation of CBDR principles in several international legal instruments.The analysis conducted using the normative juridical method. It will examine international instruments through a literature study. The analysismethod used in this research is the qualitative method to convince the reader that CBDR is a principle of international environmental law through an analysis of its implementation on general international legal instruments. This article concludes that the existence of CBDR principles in related international instruments occurs in three periods: the beginning of the formation of principles, the crystalizing of concepts in international legal instruments and the birth of special rules as a continuation of the CBDR concept, especially in the field of climate change.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION CONVENTION (IPPC) IN THE REGULATION OF THE AGREEMENT ON THE APPLICATION OF SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES (SPS AGREEMENT) IN THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO): NOTES TO INDONESIA Arie Afriansyah; Elisabeth Ardiastuti
Yustisia Vol 6, No 1: April 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v6i1.11502

Abstract

World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization which has an important role in ensuring that the flow of global trade can run with as few barriers as possible. However, according to Article XX (b) of GATT, the WTO members may apply trade measures in order to protect human, animal or plants life or health. Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) is an elaboration of the provision of Article XX (b) of GATT. According to the SPSA greement, the WTO members have the right to apply measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, based on sufficient scientific principles and scientific evidences, as well as not constituting arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade. Fulfilment of the scientific and technical needs in the application of the SPS Agreement, the SPS Agreement refers to International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) as the relevant international organization for promoting the harmonization of phytosanitary measures based on international standards adopted by IPPC. This article discusses the application of the SPS Agreement and IPPC in three WTO cases, i.e. Japan – Agricultural Products II (2001), Japan – Apples (2005) and Australia – Apples (2011).