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(Un)Blurred Concept of Sovereign Rights at Sea : Implementation Context Arie Afriansyah; Dila Paruna; Rania Andiani
LAW REFORM Vol 16, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER ILMU HUKUM FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (151.582 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/lr.v16i1.30310

Abstract

The term “sovereign rights” has been used on many occasions in referring to coastal states’ actions in exploring and exploiting the ocean’s natural resources beyond their sovereign territory. Not to mention the lack of comprehension between “sovereignty” and “sovereign rights” of the general public, it appears that the last term is also lacking clear definition available for a legal basis. This clarity is crucial to give the legal certainty for states’ entitlement to conduct actions within their jurisdictions. This paper tries to clarify the legal definition of “sovereign rights” under international dan national practice. It concludes that no single universally accepted definition of sovereign rights. The explanation of rights and duties of such a definition is mostly practiced both internationally and nationally. The finding is based on the survey of the implementation of international rules, international judgments, and Indonesian court decisions.
YURISDIKSI INDONESIA SEBAGAI NEGARA PANTAI DALAM PROTEKSI KAPAL KARAM SEBAGAI WARISAN BUDAYA BAWAH LAUT Sakina Fakhriah; Arie Afriansyah
Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 7 No 1 (2022): Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24246/jrh.2022.v7.i1.p123-142

Abstract

Artikel ini membahas hak dan kewajiban negara pantai atas pencarian, pemanfaatan, dan perlindungan benda-benda bersejarah bawah air yang diamanatkan oleh hukum internasional yang diatur dalam Konvensi Hukum Laut Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (UNCLOS 1982) dan Konvensi Warisan Budaya Bawah Laut (UCH Convention). Tulisan ini melihat bahwa perlindungan UCH di Indonesia menjadi tidak maksimal dikarenakan regulasi nasional yang disharmonis dan inkonsisten. Temuan lain adalah Indonesia belum meratifikasi UCH Convention karena adanya perbedaan prinsip dasar UCH Convention dengan kepentingan Indonesia. Artikel ini menggunakan metode perbandingan terhadap sejumlah regulasi nasional. Pada akhirnya, artikel mencoba untuk memaparkan langkah-langkah terbaik bagi instansi terkait dalam menyusun strategi perlindungan dan pengelolaan UCH yang efektif, dengan cara memaparkan kendala dan langkah strategis yang dapat pemerintah Indonesia terapkan tanpa harus melakukan ratifikasi UCH Convention. Salah satu upayanya adalah dengan melakukan reformasi regulasi melalui penguatan kedaulatan Indonesia, pengetatan izin dan peningkatan kontrol dan pengawasan yang lebih terstruktur, serta peningkatan koordinasi antar-instansi.
REFUGEE BURDEN SHARING: AN EVOLVING REFUGEE PROTECTION CONCEPT? Arie Afriansyah; Angky Banggaditya
Arena Hukum Vol. 10 No. 3 (2017)
Publisher : Arena Hukum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (8560.019 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2017.01003.1

Abstract

AbstractThis article discusses cooperation between states as part of the international community in handling and protecting the refugees which arrive in one's territory massively, observed from international law standpoint. The concept of cooperation, which is further known as burden sharing concept, is rooted from the principle of international cooperation and international solidarity which is developing as a principle agreed by states and are widely recognized as a general principle of law. The central question is how such concept exists under international law and how is the implementation by states, especially Indonesia. It concludes that burden sharing is a concept that is still evolving so that there is no rigid guidance in the implementation yet. Therefore, there are varieties of implementation mechanisms among states. In relation with Indonesia, it needs support from other countries in handling the mass influx of refugees, especially the Rohingya refugees. Finally, this article suggests that as part of international community, states should always assert their contribution in accommodating the mass influx of refugees which certainly would very burdening if it is handled only by one state.AbstrakArtikel ini membahas kerjasama antar Negara sebagai bagian dari masyarakat internasional dalam menangani dan melindungi para pengungsi yang tiba di wilayah tertentu secara besar-besaran, berdasarkan sudut pandang hukum internasional. Konsep kerjasama, yang selanjutnya dikenal dengan konsep pembagian beban (burden-sharing), berakar dari prinsip kerjasama internasional dan solidaritas internasional yang berkembang sebagai prinsip yang disepakati oleh Negara dan dikenal secara luas sebagai prinsip umum hukum. Pertanyaan utamanya adalah bagaimana konsep tersebut di bawah hokum internasional dan bagaimana pelaksanaannya oleh negara-negara, khususnya Indonesia. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembagian beban (burden-sharing) adalah konsep yang masih terus berkembang sehingga belum ada panduan yang kaku dalam pelaksanaannya. Oleh karena itu, ada beberapa jenis mekanisme pelaksanaan antarnegara. Berkaitan dengan Indonesia, dibutuhkan dukungan dari negara lain dalam menangani masuknya massa pengungsi, terutama pengungsi Rohingya. Akhirnya, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagai bagian dari masyarakat internasional, Negara harus selalu memberikan kontribusi mereka dalam mengakomodasi masuknya massa pengungsi yang tentunya akan sangat membebani jika ditangani hanya oleh satu negara.
Antisipasi Indonesia Dalam Pembentukan Kesepakatan Internasional Mengenai Pemanfaatan Keanekaragaman Hayati di Wilayah Luar Yurisdiksi Nasional Igor Yoso; Arie Afriansyah
Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 9 No. 2: August 2021 : Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan
Publisher : Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ius.v9i2.854

Abstract

Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa tentang Hukum Laut Tahun 1982 (The 1982 United Nations Convention on The Law of The Sea (UNCLOS 1982)) belum mengatur mengenai pemanfaatan keanekaragaman hayati di wilayah luar yurisdiksi nasional, tidak boleh ada negara manapun yang melakukan kedaulatannya pada wilayah di luar yurisdiksi nasional yang terdiri dari Laut Bebas dan Kawasan (The Area) sehingga dianggap telah melanggar ketentuan dari UNCLOS. Namun, seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi para ilmuwan menemukan terdapat potensi-potensi dari keanekaragaman hayati yang bisa dimanfaatkan pada wilayah tersebut. Dengan adanya penemuan potensi tersebut, memicu Indonesia dan negara-negara lainnya untuk melakukan eksplorasi dan eksploitasi keanekaragaman hayati di luar yuridiksinya. Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) kemudian mengupayakan pembentukan pengaturan pemanfaatan keanekaragaman hayati di wilayah yurisdiksi nasional dengan cara mengakomodir pertimbangan negara-negara anggota melalui Intergovernmental Conference on Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction. Pada konferensi ini akan diuraikan draft teks perjanjian hukum internasional yang mengikat secara hukum di bawah UNCLOS yang mengatur khusus mengenai konservasi dan pemanfaatan berkelanjutan keanekaragaman hayati laut di wilayah luar yurisdiksi nasional.
Keberadaan dan Evolusi Prinsip Common But Differentiated Responsibilities dalam Instrumen Hukum Internasional Amira Bilqis; Arie Afriansyah
Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika Vol 4, No 2 (2020): September 2020
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Hukum Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (934.935 KB) | DOI: 10.25072/jwy.v4i2.379

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran terkait perkembangan prinsip CBDR, diikuti dengan elaborasi dua elemen, yaitu common responsibility dan differentiated responsibility serta memberikan penjelasan mengenai implementasi prinsip CBDR dalam beberapa instrumen hukum internasional.Penelitian yang dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif, di mana penelitian dilakukan dengan mengkaji taraf sinkronisasi instrumen internasional melalui studi kepustakaan.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif di mana penulis mengelaborasi kedudukan CBDR sebagai prinsip hukum lingkungan internasional melalui analisis implementasinya pada instrumen hukum internasional secara umum. Artikel ini berkesimpulan bahwa eksistensi prinsip CBDR dalam instrumen internasional terkait terdapat dalam tiga periode: awalan pembentukan prinsip, kristalisasi konsep dalam intrumen hukum internasional dan lahirnya aturan khusus sebagai bentuk lanjutan dari konsep CBDR khususnya dalam bidang perubahan iklim. AbstractThis article aims to provide an overview of the development of the CBDR, followed by an elaboration of two elements, the principle of general responsibility and differentiated responsibility as well as providing an explanation of the implementation of CBDR principles in several international legal instruments.The analysis conducted using the normative juridical method. It will examine international instruments through a literature study. The analysismethod used in this research is the qualitative method to convince the reader that CBDR is a principle of international environmental law through an analysis of its implementation on general international legal instruments. This article concludes that the existence of CBDR principles in related international instruments occurs in three periods: the beginning of the formation of principles, the crystalizing of concepts in international legal instruments and the birth of special rules as a continuation of the CBDR concept, especially in the field of climate change.
Hukum dan Kebijakan Indonesia Dalam Memerangi Pendanaan Terorisme: Sebuah Analisa Pemutakhiran Afriansyah, Arie; Ghozi, Ahmad; Wargadalem, M Akila
AML/CFT Journal : The Journal Of Anti Money Laundering And Countering The Financing Of Terrorism Vol 2 No 1 (2023): Money Laundering in General Election, Digital Currency, and Terrorism Financing
Publisher : Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59593/amlcft.2023.v2i1.49

Abstract

This article discusses Indonesia's latest developments, challenges, and remedies for Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Counter-Terrorist Financing (CFT) laws. Data were collected by analyzing the challenges of implementing international regulations, such as the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) and FATF recommendation. Indonesia is expected to improve their regulations and set high supervision towards the risk of AML/CFT to combat terrorism financing. No studies have been conducted to discuss the latest 2019 UNSCR, a relevant regulation to be implemented by countries to tackle terrorist financing. Therefore, this study aims to examine the significant contribution of the UNSCR and suggest proper implementation in Indonesia.
The Use of Private Contracted Armed Security Personnel (PCASP) As an Anti-Piracy Measure and Solution Afriansyah, Arie; Hartoyo, Yoga Muhammad Adhiwiratama
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 7, Number 2, June 2023
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v7i2.1406

Abstract

The sea route is one of the best options chosen by national and international traders because of lower cost when we compare it to using air freight and the increasing use of merchant ships for international trade, makes people take advantages such as sea piracy and armed robbery and a solution to protect from these things commercial vessels use the services of the Private Contracted Armed Security Personnel (PCASP) and the Private Maritime Security Company (PMSC). The absence of international regulations regarding the use of these services raises pros and cons between coastal states and with special policies in particular regarding the territorial sea of ​​a coastal state. Thus, there is a big question that the use of PCASP and PMSC is in accordance with international law with existing regulations and how Indonesia as a coastal state sees the use of such services as a solution to avoid piracy. The formation of soft laws and agreements is a way out at this time in order to maintain maritime security from the dangers of sea piracy and armed robberies.
KOMITMEN INDONESIA DALAM PELINDUNGAN WARISAN BUDAYA BAWAH AIR DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA Sulistyo, A. D. Agung; Afriansyah, Arie
Veritas et Justitia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): Veritas et Justitia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25123/vej.v7i2.4339

Abstract

This article discusses the extent to which Indonesia provides legal protection to prehistoric and historical object, especially shipwrecks, found within its national waters. It is known that Indonesia has not decide to ratify the UNESCO 2001 Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage (UNESCO 2001 Convention). Legal audit performed to existing national rules and regulations reveals that, legally wise, Indonesia has shown its commitment to ensure that underwater cultural heritage within its maritime zones enjoy protection. In addition, it may be argued that therefore Indonesia is not in a position having to ratify the UNESCO 2001 Convention soon.
The Struggle of Becoming the 11th Member State of ASEAN: Timor Leste's Case Windraskinasih, Mutiara; Afriansyah, Arie
Brawijaya Law Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2018): Culture and Technological Influence in Regulation
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.blj.2018.005.01.06

Abstract

In March 4, 2011, Timor Leste applied for membership in ASEAN through formal application conveying said intent. This is an intriguing case, as Timor Leste, is a Southeast Asian country that applied for ASEAN Membership after the shift of ASEAN to acknowledge ASEAN Charter as its constituent instrument. Therefore, this research paper aims to provide a descriptive overview upon the requisites of becoming ASEAN Member State under the prevailing regulations. The substantive requirements of Timor Leste to become the eleventh ASEAN Member State are also surveyed in the hopes that it will provide a comprehensive understanding as why Timor Leste has not been accepted into ASEAN. Through this, it is to be noted how the membership system in ASEAN will develop its own existence as a regional organization. This research begins with a brief introduction about ASEAN's rules on membership admission followed by the practice of ASEAN with regard to membership admission and then a discussion about the effort of Timor Leste to become on eof ASEAN member state.
Strengthening Indonesia’s Strategic Trade Management Regulation Against Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction Purnama, Hadi Rahmat; Permana, Rizky Banyualam; Afriansyah, Arie
Brawijaya Law Journal Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024): Economic Law
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.blj.2024.011.01.01

Abstract

International law governing the control of WMD proliferation cannot solely focus on state actors but must also include non-state actors. To address the risks and combat the proliferation of WMD by non-state actors through the ordinary course of trade, the UNSC issued Resolution 1540, which contains the obligation to adopt domestic policies to prevent WMD proliferation. Indonesia has a legal obligation to comply with and implement this resolution under international law. This paper discusses the need assessment for Indonesia to enact a solid regulatory framework to implement Strategic Trade Management (STM). This paper questions how STM regulations are governed in the Indonesian context presently and how they should be regulated better to accommodate contemporary dynamics. This study is a legal and policy study involving literature review or desk research. Literature review involves gathering data and information such as literary texts, policy papers, legislative regulations, and other relevant documents.  This study finds that even though Indonesia had already implemented some form of STM policy through export-import control and restriction (larangan dan pembatasan), it still left out the gap in properly regulating dual-use goods. Strategic goods regulation in Indonesian legislation is not intended in the context of dual-use goods, as export/import restrictions are designed to enhance Indonesia’s product competitiveness and market expansion, both domestically and internationally, increase the capabilities of exporters/importers, and enhance national product development and innovation. Implementation of STM policy One of the objectives that can be achieved is maintaining national security, especially in providing a sense of security for the Indonesian people and businesses. Implementing STM will also benefit businesses by reducing the risk of financial losses, such as being involved in export/import transactions prohibited by other countries or even by Indonesia. Moreover, by implementing STM, it is not unlikely that investment from countries with high technology will increase.