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Bebas-Aktif: On the Law of Neutrality Applicable to Indonesia Afriansyah, Arie; Nasu, Hitoshi
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Tensions have heightened in the Indo-Pacific, with the People’s Republic of China engaging in aggressive behaviors in the South China Sea, confronting India in border disputes, and poising itself for a forcible unification of Taiwan in the midst of a great power competition with the United States. While the situation remains precarious, it is imperative for Indonesia to consider how it might position itself if a large-scale armed conflict erupted in the region. Indonesia could plausibly maintain a neutral status without taking part in hostilities, pursuant to its long-standing “free-active” foreign policy. In such a case, the law of neutrality will regulate Indonesia’s relationship with belligerent parties according to corresponding rights and obligations derived from neutral status. However, this body of law is in a state of constant flux, with pragmatic considerations often prevailing over normative consistency. This article explores how Indonesia might implement the law of neutrality to maintain peaceful relations with belligerent parties, with a focus on three specific issues pertaining to its national interest: (1) closure of its archipelagic waters; (2) arms export control; and (3) the protection of its cyber infrastructure. This article concludes by finding that Indonesia is well positioned to make a pragmatic choice based on the geopolitical and socioeconomic conditions prevailing at the time but must pre-empt various legal risks by building its practice and expressing its opinio juris to shape the development of customary international law in this field.
International Environment Protection During Armed Conflict Case Study: Israel-Lebanon Conflict Afriansyah, Arie
Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan Vol. 38, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION CONVENTION (IPPC) IN THE REGULATION OF THE AGREEMENT ON THE APPLICATION OF SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES (SPS AGREEMENT) IN THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO): NOTES TO INDONESIA Afriansyah, Arie; Ardiastuti, Elisabeth
Yustisia Vol 6, No 1: April 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v6i1.11502

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World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization which has an important role in ensuring that the flow of global trade can run with as few barriers as possible. However, according to Article XX (b) of GATT, the WTO members may apply trade measures in order to protect human, animal or plants life or health. Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) is an elaboration of the provision of Article XX (b) of GATT. According to the SPSA greement, the WTO members have the right to apply measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, based on sufficient scientific principles and scientific evidences, as well as not constituting arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade. Fulfilment of the scientific and technical needs in the application of the SPS Agreement, the SPS Agreement refers to International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) as the relevant international organization for promoting the harmonization of phytosanitary measures based on international standards adopted by IPPC. This article discusses the application of the SPS Agreement and IPPC in three WTO cases, i.e. Japan – Agricultural Products II (2001), Japan – Apples (2005) and Australia – Apples (2011).
SPORT DIPLOMACY AND STATE SOVEREIGNTY: CASE STUDY ON INDONESIA’S EFFORT TO GUARD THE SOVEREIGNTY OF PAPUA Siburian, Erni Eriza; Afriansyah, Arie
Yustisia Vol 7, No 1: April 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/yustisia.v7i1.19696

Abstract

Various efforts are made by Indonesia to maintain sovereignty over Papua. One of the efforts taken by the Government of Indonesia is to conduct sports diplomacy through sports cooperation with Melanesian Searhead Group (MSG) member countries. MSG is one of the most intense international organizations to raise the issue of independent Papua.Through descriptive research with normative juridical approach, the authors examine the rules / legal principles relating to how the role of sports diplomacy as a public diplomacy strategy in maintaining the sovereignty of the state: a case study of Indonesia's efforts in maintaining sovereignty in Papua. Based on this, the researchers concluded that sports diplomacy is an important and effective diplomacy tool in maintaining the sovereignty of the state and can create good image of a country where sports can be used as a tool to show togetherness and bring people closer from different background without being associated with differences in race, skin color, religion, or characteristics.