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All Journal Jurnal Ius Constituendum Unes Law Review JURNAL ILMIAH ADVOKASI Era Hukum: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Hukum Adigama JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Jurnal Kewarganegaraan International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Journal of Sustainable Development and Regulatory Issues
Amad sudiro
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Religion Humanities Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Pergeseran Paradigma Pemulihan Aset Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Untuk Mewujudkan Optimalisasi Pengembalian Kerugian Negara Natasya Klarisa Paruntu; Amad Sudiro
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12888

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the conceptual and legal obstacles in Indonesia’s asset recovery mechanism for corruption crimes and formulate a more effective legal paradigm to optimize the restitution of state losses. The research is grounded in the persistent ineffectiveness of the conviction-based asset forfeiture system, which requires a final criminal judgment before assets can be seized, thereby allowing offenders to conceal, transfer, or dissipate illicit assets. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study finds that the current mechanism is not responsive to the sophisticated and transnational nature of white-collar crime, which often complicates criminal prosecution and evidentiary processes. The results indicate that the non-conviction-based asset forfeiture (NCB) paradigm offers a more efficient solution through in rem proceedings, a balance of probabilities evidentiary standard, and a reverse burden of proof while ensuring protection for bona fide third parties. The novelty of this research lies in constructing a comprehensive legal model for asset forfeiture that integrates evidentiary rules, procedural safeguards, human rights protection, and harmonization with the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) 2003. The study concludes that shifting from a conviction-based to an NCB system is essential to accelerate asset recovery and strengthen anti-corruption efforts. The recommendations call for expedited enactment of the Asset Forfeiture Bill, enhanced inter-agency coordination, and the development of transparent and accountable legal infrastructure.   Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hambatan konseptual dan yuridis dalam pemulihan aset tindak pidana korupsi serta merumuskan paradigma hukum baru yang lebih efektif untuk mengoptimalkan pengembalian kerugian negara. Latar belakang penelitian berangkat dari ketidakoptimalan mekanisme conviction-based asset forfeiture yang selama ini diterapkan di Indonesia, di mana perampasan aset hanya dapat dilakukan melalui putusan pidana sehingga memberi ruang bagi pelaku untuk menyembunyikan atau mengalihkan harta hasil kejahatan. Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan hukum, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sistem pemulihan aset berbasis putusan pengadilan tidak adaptif terhadap karakteristik white-collar crime yang kompleks, transnasional, dan sulit dibuktikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paradigma non-conviction-based asset forfeiture (NCB) lebih efektif karena menitikberatkan pada gugatan in rem, pembuktian berdasarkan balance of probabilities, serta pembalikan beban pembuktian kepada pemilik aset dengan tetap melindungi hak pihak ketiga beriktikad baik. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penyusunan model komprehensif perampasan aset yang mencakup aspek sistem pembuktian, prosedur hukum acara, perlindungan HAM, dan harmonisasi dengan UNCAC 2003. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pergeseran paradigma dari conviction-based menuju NCB merupakan kebutuhan mendesak untuk mempercepat pemulihan aset negara dan meningkatkan efektivitas pemberantasan korupsi. Rekomendasi penelitian menegaskan pentingnya percepatan pengesahan RUU Perampasan Aset, penguatan koordinasi antar-lembaga, serta pembangunan infrastruktur hukum yang transparan dan akuntabel.  
Co-Authors Achmad Dwi Saputra Alvin Agung Wicaksono Andi Khuswatun Khasana Andreas Even Limarus Ang. T. Michella Angie Arthuro Richie Gunawan Chevita Natalie Vania Dimitri Ilyasa Fani Ali Farhan Zarbiyani Ghina Ramadhania Poetri Gunard LIe Harry Sunyoto Immanuel Yoan Ivan Tirta Yudha Jenny Alvita Jessica Marchvinn Joelian Rezky Utomo Josua Tarigan Joy Celine Lailatul Uzni Leviana Rachel Maria Natasha Rudijanto Mario Fernando Merta Merta Muhammad Haykel Natasya Klarisa Paruntu Nicholas Rachmanata Pius Nifatere Jokhe Priaardanto, Columbanus Rava Syhafa Maharani Rr. Ayu Gayatri Esa Prameswari Shena Novera Hulaifa Sinthiarahma Felyna Megawati Sukawati, Maheswara Perbawa Suwinto Johan Tara Ulina Ginting Tasia Eda Lestari Tiya Nuraini Wisye Anabella Alexandra Tumengkol Yohanes Richardson Braventa Zanuba Arifa Khafsof ZM