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Position and Legal Consequences of Evidence of Old Rights That Are Not Converted and Controlled by Other Parties (Study of Decision No. 94/Pdt.G/2023/PN Amb) Achmad Dwi Saputra; Amad Sudiro
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v5i1.927

Abstract

This research focuses on analyzing the legal position of holders of old certificates of title that have not been converted and the legal consequences of physical control of land by other parties who have land certificates. This study uses Decision No. 94/Pdt.G/2023/PN Amb as a case study to understand how courts balance the interests of disputing parties and apply agrarian law regulations in land ownership conflicts. This research was motivated by implementing the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) no. 5 of 1960, which requires converting Western rights such as Eigendom Verponding into rights recognized in the Indonesian legal system. This conversion process is regulated by Government Regulation (PP) no. 18 of 2021, but there are still many old rights holders who have not converted because they allow permits, the permit procedures are considered complicated and are permitted by law. Decision Case No. 94/Pdt.G/2023/PN Amb shows that the old right holder can maintain their rights if they can provide legal proof of ownership, even though another party physically controls the land. This research uses a normative juridical approach by examining statutory regulations, legal doctrine, and court decisions. The data analysis technique was carried out descriptively and qualitatively to evaluate the legal position of old rights and land certificates and their implications in agrarian disputes. Based on the analysis, physical control of land without legal proof of ownership is considered an unlawful act per Article 1365 of the Civil Code. The court in this case decided that the holder of the old right which had not been converted still had the right to the land, and the certificate obtained without a valid legal basis was declared invalid. This research highlights the importance of converting old rights to create legal certainty and prevent future land disputes. This conversion not only provides stronger legal protection for land owners but also ensures legal certainty for the next generation who inherits the land.
Alternative Dispute Resolution: Mediation In Terms Of Dispute Resolution For Aircraft Accident Compensation For Aircraft Product Defects(Case Study of Sriwijaya Air Sj182 Plane Accident) Priaardanto, Columbanus; Amad Sudiro
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12759

Abstract

This study discusses mediation strategies as a legal instrument in overcoming the obstacles of the doctrine of forum non conveniens in international lawsuits for compensation due to aircraft accidents, especially in product defect cases against aircraft manufacturers in the United States. Non-conveniens forums are often an obstacle for victims from other countries to access justice through the U.S. legal system, as courts may dismiss lawsuits if alternative forums are deemed more appropriate. In this context, mediation serves as an efficient, flexible, and more humane dispute resolution mechanism. The Lion Air JT 610 accident case study is used as a prime illustration, where the victim's family managed to obtain compensation through mediation with Boeing, despite the potential lawsuit being dismissed based on a non-conveniens forum. This research shows that mediation can be an effective litigation strategy to speed up settlement, avoid complex litigation processes, and strengthen the victim's position in cross-jurisdictional negotiations. The research method used is normative juridical with a case approach and legal comparison. Data were obtained through literature review, analysis of legal documents, and review of court decisions and mediation practices in U.S. federal courts. The results of the study recommend the need to harmonize cross-border mediation procedures and strengthen access to alternative dispute resolution mechanisms for victims from developing countries.
UNFAIR COMPETITION IN NOTARY PRACTICE IN INDONESIA: A LEGAL EXAMINATION OF NOTARY RESPONSIBILITIES Rr. Ayu Gayatri Esa Prameswari; Amad Sudiro
International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Vol. 4 No. 6 (2024): November
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijerlas.v4i6.2093

Abstract

This journal article begins a comprehensive legal review of notaries’ responsibilities in dealing with unfair competition in notarial practice in Indonesia. The discussion is firmly rooted in the Indonesian legal framework, focusing specifically on the laws and regulations governing notarial practice and competition. It begins by tracing the history of notarial practice in Indonesia, highlighting important milestones in legislation such as the enactment of the Notary Law in 2004 which was later amended to become Law Number 2 of 2014. This provides a background that can be used to contextualize the issue of unfair competition. The role of the Indonesian Notary Association (INI) in enforcing these regulations and encouraging ethical behavior in the profession is examined. This article investigates the effectiveness of the Association in enforcing professional standards and its strategies in handling unfair competition cases. It also investigates the impact of unfair competition on the credibility of notarial practice and public trust in notarial services. It explores how unfair practices can damage the integrity of the profession and erode public trust. Through an in-depth analysis of case law, this article explains how these regulations are interpreted and applied in practice. This report presents a series of case studies that exemplify the challenges and dilemmas faced by notaries in navigating a complex competitive and ethical landscape. It also discusses the challenges and limitations inherent in the current regulatory framework. The committee critically evaluates the effectiveness of existing laws and regulations in preventing unfair competition and enforcing notary liability. It proposes potential reforms to enhance accountability and prevent unfair competition, drawing on comparative insights from other jurisdictions. The insights gained from this research are expected to make a significant contribution to the discourse on legal ethics and professional responsibility in notarial practice. They are also expected to inform policy-making and legislative reform in the sector. This examination of notary liability and unfair competition is critical to maintaining the integrity of the legal profession and ensuring public trust in notary services in Indonesia.
Legal Protection of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Banking Sukawati, Maheswara Perbawa; Amad Sudiro
Journal of Sustainable Development and Regulatory Issues (JSDERI) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Sustainable Development and Regulatory Issues (JSDERI)
Publisher : Lembaga Contrarius Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53955/jsderi.v3i3.175

Abstract

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Indonesia’s banking sector has transformed traditional financial services into digital-based systems that emphasize speed, efficiency, and accessibility. However, this transformation presents significant legal and ethical challenges related to data security, algorithmic accountability, and consumer protection. This study analyzes the legal framework governing AI implementation in Indonesian banking, focusing on the Financial Sector Development and Strengthening Law, the Personal Data Protection Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and the regulatory role of Bank Indonesia and the Financial Services Authority. The research employs a normative legal approach supported by limited empirical insights, combining statutory, case, comparative, and historical analyses. The findings reveal regulatory fragmentation and a legal vacuum concerning liability for AI-related losses, particularly in cases of algorithmic error and data breaches. In contrast, comparative studies of Japan and the European Union show the necessity of establishing AI governance based on transparency, accountability, and proportional liability. Therefore, Indonesia urgently requires a specific legal framework that integrates ethical, human-centered, and risk-based principles to ensure data security, protect consumer rights, and promote trustworthy AI implementation in the financial sector.
Perlindungan Hukum Korban atas Tindakan Perdagangan Kosmetik Ilegal oleh Pelaku Usaha Berdasarkan Undang-Undang nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen Angie; Amad Sudiro
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): (JIHHP) Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik
Publisher : Dinasti Review Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jihhp.v5i1.3099

Abstract

Pada era perkembangan zaman dan globalisasi saat ini, semakin banyak modernisasi dalam kehidupan manusia, termasuk kebutuhan hidup yang juga semakin berkembang, tidak hanya kebutuhan pokok seperti sandang dan pangan, namun juga kebutuhan dalam berpenampilan menarik menjadi salah satu fokus utama masyarakat khususnya wanita. Ketertarikan untuk selalu tampil cantik adalah hal yang normal dan wajar pada saat ini dengan menggunakan berbagai produk kosmetik yang diyakini dapat memperindah wajah dan tubuh mereka. Hal ini pun menjadi sebuah peluang yang terkadang disalahgunakan oleh banyak pelaku usaha dalam era perdagangan bebas saat ini, para pelaku usaha memanfaatkan kesempatan ini untuk memperdagangkan dan mengedarkan produk-produk kosmetik yang tidak sesuai dengan standar mutu untuk pengedaran sesuai dengan aturan dalam Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM). Tidak sedikit produk kosmetik yang dijual di pasaran didapati mengandung kandungan kimia yang berbahaya dan merugikan pembeli atau konsumen. Pemberlakuan hukum yang belum terlalu tegas serta denda yang tidak terlalu  diterapkan kepada oknum pelaku usaha menyebabkan tindakan ini menjadi hal yang sudah biasa terjadi dan para pelaku usaha tidak kunjung mendapat efek jera. Dengan adanya pengaturan hukum mengenai perlindungan konsumen yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak baik bagi pelaku usaha dan konsumen dalam era perdagangan yang bebas saat ini serta dapat menjadi dasar dan perlindungan bagi konsumen yang sering mendapat kerugian dari pelaku usaha yang sewenang-wenang dalam kegiatan usahanya.
Analisis Tanggung Jawab Hukum Perusahaan Maskapai yang Melakukan Pembatalan Penerbangan Sepihak terhadap Konsumen Joy Celine; Amad Sudiro
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): (JIHHP) Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik
Publisher : Dinasti Review Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jihhp.v5i1.3193

Abstract

Pembatalan penerbangan sepihak oleh maskapai seringkali menimbulkan kerugian bagi konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tanggung jawab hukum maskapai dalam kasus pembatalan penerbangan sepihak serta perlindungan hukum yang dapat diperoleh konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, putusan pengadilan, dan literatur hukum terkait. Selain itu, dilakukan pula studi kasus terhadap beberapa kejadian pembatalan penerbangan sepihak yang pernah terjadi di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa maskapai memiliki tanggung jawab hukum atas kerugian yang dialami konsumen akibat pembatalan penerbangan sepihak. Tanggung jawab tersebut diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan dan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Bentuk tanggung jawab maskapai dapat berupa pengembalian tiket, kompensasi, atau ganti rugi. Konsumen yang mengalami pembatalan penerbangan sepihak dapat melakukan upaya hukum untuk menuntut hak-haknya. Upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh antara lain melalui jalur non-litigasi seperti pengaduan ke Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen atau melalui jalur litigasi dengan mengajukan gugatan perdata ke pengadilan. Pembatalan penerbangan sepihak merupakan pelanggaran terhadap hak-hak konsumen. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya penegakan hukum yang tegas terhadap maskapai yang melakukan pelanggaran tersebut. Konsumen juga perlu lebih proaktif dalam memperjuangkan hak-haknya. Diperlukan adanya standar yang jelas mengenai besarnya kompensasi yang harus diberikan oleh maskapai serta mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang lebih efektif dan efisien.
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Korban Skincare Etiket Biru yang Dijual di E-Commerce berdasarkan Undang Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Jessica Marchvinn; Amad Sudiro
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): (JIHHP) Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik
Publisher : Dinasti Review Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jihhp.v5i1.3194

Abstract

Peredaran bebas skincare etiket biru melalui platform e-commerce telah menjadi permasalahan serius yang mengancam kesehatan konsumen. Penggunaan skincare yang seharusnya diresepkan oleh dokter secara bebas ini berpotensi menimbulkan berbagai efek samping yang merugikan. Penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan merupakan metodologi yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen memberikan perlindungan hukum yang cukup luas bagi konsumen yang mengalami kerugian akibat penggunaan produk perawatan kulit berlabel biru. Hak konsumen atas produk yang aman, informasi produk yang akurat dan jelas, serta ganti rugi atas kerugian yang dialami semuanya tercakup dalam sejumlah pasal terkait. Namun demikian, masih terdapat beberapa tantangan dalam penerapan hukum perlindungan konsumen dalam kasus ini. Salah satu tantangan utama adalah kesulitan dalam membuktikan hubungan kausal antara penggunaan skincare etiket biru dengan kerugian yang dialami konsumen. Selain itu, pengawasan terhadap peredaran produk kosmetika secara online masih belum optimal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa perlu adanya upaya yang lebih intensif dari pemerintah, pelaku usaha, dan masyarakat untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini. Sementara pelaku usaha harus bertanggung jawab atas produk yang mereka tawarkan, pemerintah harus memperketat pengawasan terhadap distribusi kosmetik melalui internet. Masyarakat umum, sebagai konsumen, juga harus menggunakan dan memilih kosmetik secara lebih cerdas.
Tanggung Jawab Penyelengara Umrah terhadap Jamaah yang Menderita Kerugian di Indonesia Shena Novera Hulaifa; Amad Sudiro
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): (JIHHP) Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik
Publisher : Dinasti Review Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jihhp.v5i1.3198

Abstract

Meningkatnya minat masyarakat untuk menunaikan ibadah umrah telah menciptakan peluang yang menggiurkan bagi sebagian organisasi yang memanfaatkannya untuk tujuan ekonomi. Dari sisi komersial, banyaknya pelaku usaha perjalanan umrah telah menimbulkan persaingan di antara para pemilik perusahaan biro perjalanan umrah. Promosi bagi calon jamaah sering kali disertai dengan biaya yang lebih murah dan fasilitas yang lebih unik. Sering kali terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara kedua belah pihak. Konsumen sering kali berada pada posisi yang kurang menguntungkan, sehingga mereka menjadi sasaran eksploitasi oleh para pelaku komersial yang memegang kekuasaan sosial dan ekonomi. Kewajiban pelaku usaha terhadap konsumen merupakan salah satu kewajiban yang mengatur tindakan komersialnya. Apabila pelaku usaha melanggar ketentuan yang berlaku, maka mereka bertanggung jawab penuh atas akibat yang ditimbulkan.
Tanggung Jawab Hukum Pelaku Usaha Terhadap Konsumen Dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Properti di Indonesia Rava Syhafa Maharani; Amad Sudiro
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i4.1968

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to describe the form of legal liability that can be carried out by real estate companies that experience bankruptcy against consumers who are harmed by them. The method used in this research is normative juridical because the author seeks to conduct a critical analysis related to legal protection to consumers who are bound in a sale and purchase agreement with a real estate company. The rise of real estate companies experiencing bankruptcy due to the impact of the COVID-19 event has caused a situation that is detrimental to consumers of the real estate industry. The results of this study show that the bankruptcy condition experienced by PT Cowell has harmed consumers who are in the weakest position in the compensation repayment mechanism. Consumers as concurrent creditors are the last party to receive compensation after separatist creditors and preferred creditors have received compensation. Even though it has gone bankrupt, PT Cowell is still responsible for providing compensation to its consumers in accordance with the written agreement that was previously agreed upon and approved. The author considers that in order to protect consumers who have been harmed, government officials must act firmly against companies that cannot carry out their responsibilities properly.
Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Hukum Internasional: Hak dan Peluang Amad Sudiro; Mario Fernando; Ivan Tirta Yudha; Muhammad Haykel
Jurnal Kewarganegaraan Vol 8 No 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PGRI YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31316/jk.v8i1.6465

Abstract

Abstrak Perlindungan hak asasi manusia dalam konteks hukum internasional adalah sebuah perjuangan yang terus berlangsung di tengah dinamika global. Artikel ini membahas tantangan dan peluang yang dihadapi dalam upaya melindungi serta memperjuangkan hak asasi manusia melalui instrumen hukum internasional. Tantangan tersebut meliputi kompleksitas geopolitik, ketidaksepakatan dalam interpretasi hak asasi manusia, dan ketidakmampuan lembaga internasional dalam menegakkan kepatuhan. Namun, di tengah tantangan tersebut terdapat peluang untuk meningkatkan perlindungan hak asasi manusia melalui kerja sama internasional, peningkatan kesadaran global, dan inovasi dalam hukum internasional. Artikel ini juga menganalisis beberapa inisiatif yang telah dilakukan dan potensi solusi yang dapat diimplementasikan untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut. Kata Kunci: HAM, Internasional, Global Abstract The protection of human rights in the context of international law is an ongoing struggle amidst global dynamics. This article discusses the challenges and opportunities faced in efforts to uphold and advocate for human rights through international legal instruments. These challenges include geopolitical complexities, disagreements in the interpretation of human rights, and the inability of international institutions to enforce compliance. However, amidst these challenges, there are opportunities to enhance the protection of human rights through international cooperation, increased global awareness, and innovation in international law. The article also analyzes some initiatives that have been undertaken and potential solutions that can be implemented to address these challenges. Keywords: Human Right, International, Global