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OPTIMASI KONSENTRASI ASAM SULFAT DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN PADA PROSES HIDROLISIS AMPAS TEBU MENJADI FURFURAL Andaka, Ganjar
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI TECHNOSCIENTIA Technoscientia Vol 5 No 2 Februari 2013
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPPM), IST AKPRIND Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34151/technoscientia.v5i2.537

ABSTRACT Hydrolysis of bagasse in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst to produce furfural was studied. This objective of this work was to study the effects of catalyst consentration and stirrer speed on yield of furfural. The experiment were conducted by reacting bagas-se with sulfuric acid in a three neck flask sized 500 mL equipped with stirrer, heater, condenser, and thermometer. The reaction condition studied were catalyst concentration ranging from 4% to 20% and stirrer speed from 100 rpm to 500 rpm at reaction temperature 100ÂºC and reaction time 120 minutes. The concentration of furfural was analyzed to calculate the yield of furfural. The analysis of bagasse obtained that the water content of 6.76% and pentosan content of 18.86%. The results show that yield of furfural reached a maximum at the catalyst concentration of 8% is 5.79% and the yield of furfural reached an optimum at the stirrer speed of 400 rpm is 6.29%.

PEMBUATAN SERBUK PEWARNA ALAMI TEKSTIL DARI EKSTRAK DAUN JATI (TECTONA GRANDIS LINN. F.) Yuniwati, Murni; Andaka, Ganjar; Dofianti, Hanyfa; Prawitasari, Harnanda
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI TECHNOSCIENTIA Technoscientia Vol 12 No 1 Agustus 2019
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPPM), IST AKPRIND Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34151/technoscientia.v12i1.1810

Anthocyanin is a dye that plays a role in providing a brownish red color that has the potential to become a natural dye for food and can be used as an alternative substitute for coloring dyes that are safer for health. Textile dyes are divided into two, namely natural dyes and synthesis dyes. Natural dyes come from animals and plants while synthetic dyes can be produced from chemicals Anthocyanins are widely found in plants with striking colors, one of which is teak leaves. Teak leaves are one part of the teak tree which can be used as a source of natural dyes for textiles by extracting the leaves. This research was conducted to obtain color powder from extracts of dyes from fresh teak leaves using the foam-mat drying method. This study was prepared to study the effect of citric acid addition on color intensity and the addition of chicken egg white to moisture content and solubility of color powder of teak leaf extract. To achieve this goal, in this study used fresh teak leaves with 95% ethanol solvent mass. At the beginning of the process, 25 grams of teak leaves are mashed first, then put into a beaker glass and macerated using a 95% ethanol mass of 250 ml and added 10 ml of citric acid from the amount of solvent with a concentration varied for 24 hours. After that filtered, the filter was taken. Powder making was carried out by foam-mat drying method using chicken egg white as foaming and maltodextrin as filler. The filtrate was added with 8% b/v maltodextrin and chicken egg white with the concentration varied stirred in the mixer until homogeneous. Then the oven is dried at a temperature of 60oC until a constant weight is reached. Using 25 grams of fresh teak leaves, 95% ethanol solvent as much as 250 ml, and 8% b/v maltodextrin obtained optimal conditions at 5% b/v egg white concentration and 30% b/v citric acid concentration, with these conditions obtained the powder results with a moisture content of 8% mass, solubility of 99.22% b/v with a reddish level of 16,625, a brightness level of 43,495, and a yellowish level of 5,925. It is hoped that this research can be used as a reference for the development of further research on anthocyanin dye powder which will then be developed as a raw material for dyes for the chemical industry, and textile industry.

PENGARUH SUHU DAN KONSENTRASI ZAT PENGAKTIF NaCl TERHADAP KUALITAS RENDEMEN DAN DAYA SERAP ARANG AKTIF Andaka, Ganjar; Astuti, Tri
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI TECHNOSCIENTIA Academia Ista Vol 10 Edisi Khusus September 2005
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPPM), IST AKPRIND Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34151/technoscientia.v0i0.1899

Coffee shell contains a lot of cellulose which can be used as a raw material to produces activated carbon. The demand of activated carbon tends to increase because it is used for a great variety of purposes, including the decolorizing of solutions of sugar, industrial chemicals, drugs, and dry-cleaning liquids, water purification, refining of vegetable and animal oils, and in recovery of gold and silver from cyanide ore-leach solutions. This investigation studied effect of tempeture and concentration of sodium chloride (as activator) on yield (rendement) and adsorption potential of activated carbon. In this investigation, coffee shell was dipped into the solution of sodium chloride with certain concentration and then it was carbonized into the muffle furnace. The carbon coke formed was then washed by using hot water and dried into the oven. The dried carbon coke was weighed and then tested the adsorption potential. The results of this investigation show that the yield (rendement) and adsorption potential of activated carbon increase with increasing the concentration of sodium chloride, but above the sodium chloride concentration of 20% the yield and adsorption potential of activated carbon tend to decrase. While the adsorption potential of activated carbon increases with temperature of carbonization, the yield of activated carbon decreases with temperature of carbonization, but above the carbonization tempeature of 600oC the adsorption potential of activated carbon tends to decreases.

Ekstraksi Minyak Biji Pepaya dengan Pelarut n-Heksana Ganjar Andaka; Izhar Fajrah
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2020: PROSIDING SNTKK 2020
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan"

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Hidrolisis Minyak Biji Kapuk dengan Katalisator Asam Khlorida Ganjar Andaka
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 2, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Reaksi hidrolisis minyak biji kapuk memakai asam khlorida sebagai katalisator untuk membentuk gliserol dan asam lemak dilakukan dengan mempelajari pengaruh suhu reaksi dan konsentrasi katalisator terhadap konstanta kecepatan reaksi. Percobaan dilakukan dalam reaktor yang berupa labu leher tiga yang dilengkapi dengan pendingin, pemanas, pengaduk dan termometer sebagai pengukur suhu. Percobaan dilakukan pada kisaran suhu 80 sampai 100oC, konsentrasi katalisator 0,011 sampai 0,017 N dan waktu reaksi 3 jam. Konsentrasi trigliserida setiap 0,25 jam dianalisis untuk menghitung konversi trigliserid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinetika reaksi hidrolisis minyak biji kapuk mengikuti reaksi tingkat satu terhadap konsentrasi trigliserida. Pengaruh suhu terhadap konstanta kecepatan reaksi dapat disajikan dalam persamaan k = 0,3258 exp(−1379,8875/RT) jam−1 dengan nilai tenaga pengaktif 1379,8875 cal/mol. Hubungan konsentrasi katalisator dengan konstanta kecepatan reaksi dituliskan dalam persamaan k = 0,06002 exp(−0,0025/Ck) jam−1. Kata kunci: kinetika, hidrolisis, minyak biji kapuk, asam lemak, gliserol Hydrolysis of kapok seed oil in the presence of hydrochloric acid catalyst to produce glycerol and fatty acid was studied. The objective of this work was to study the effect of reaction temperature and catalyst concentration on the reaction rate constant. The experiments were conducted in a three-neck flask equiped with stirrer, heater, condenser, and thermometer. The reaction condition studied were temperature ranging from 80 to 100C and catalyst concentration from 0.011 to 0.017 N. The reaction time was kept constant at 3 hours. The concentration of triglycerides every 0.25 hour were analyzed to calculate the conversion of triglycerides. The results of this study showed that the reaction kinetics of the hydrolysis of kapok seed oil was found to be first order with respect to triglyceride. The effect of reaction temperatures on the reaction rate constant was found to be k = 0.3258 exp(−1379.8875/RT) h−1, the activation energy was 1379.8875 cal/mol and the effect of catalyst concentrations on the reaction rate constant could be expressed as k = 0.06002 exp(−0.0025/Ck) h−1. Key words: kinetics, hydrolysis, kapok seed oil, fatty acid, glycerol

SINTESIS FURFURAL DARI KULIT BUAH KAPUK RANDU DENGAN KATALISATOR ASAM KHLORIDA Ganjar Andaka
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI TECHNOSCIENTIA Technoscientia Vol 9 No 1 Agustus 2016
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPPM), IST AKPRIND Yogyakarta

Hydrolysis of kapok shell in the presence of hydrochloric acid catalyst to produce furfural was studied. This objective of this work was to study the effects of catalyst concentration and reaction time on yield of furfural. The experiment were conducted by reacting kapok shell with hydrochloric acid in a three neck flask sized 500 mL equipped with stirrer, heater, condenser, and thermometer. The reaction condition studied were catalyst concentration ranging from 0,025 N to 0,2 N and reaction time from 30 minutes to 180 minutes. The concentration of furfural was analyzed to calculate the yield of furfural. The initial analysis of kapok shell obtained that the water content of 6.75%, ash content of 2.31%, and pentosan content of 22.72%. The results show that yield of furfural reached a maximum at the catalyst concentration is 8.01% and the yield of furfural reached an optimum at the reaction time for 180 minutes is 8.03%.

PENURUNAN KADAR TEMBAGA PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI KERAJINAN PERAK DENGAN PRESIPITASI MENGGUNAKAN NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA Ganjar Andaka
Jurnal Teknologi Vol 1 No 2 (2008): Jurnal Teknologi
Publisher : Jurnal Teknologi, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Institut Sains & Teknologi AKPRIND Yogyakarta

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Dalam industri kerajinan perak, tembaga adalah salah satu logam yang dicampurkan dengan perak untuk menghasilkan logam campuran yang lebih keras dan lebih kuat dari perak murninya. Hasil dari industri kerajinan perak ini berupa perhiasan, asesoris, dan tentu saja limbah cair yang banyak mengandung logam tembaga. Tembaga termasuk logam berat yang bersifat racun. Agar limbah cair ini tidak berbahaya jika dibuang ke perairan, maka limbah tersebut harus diolah terlebih dahulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan kadar tembaga dalam limbah cair dengan metode presipitasi menggunakan larutan natrium hidroksida. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi natrium hidroksida terhadap penurunan kadar tembaga dalam limbah cair, dan lama waktu pengendapan tehadap volume endapan yang terbentuk. Mula-mula reagen (NaOH) dengan konsentrasi tertentu ditambahkan ke dalam limbah cair yang telah diketahui kadar tembaganya, kemudian diaduk dengan kecepatan 50 rpm selama 15 menit. Setelah itu hasil didiamkan selama waktu tertentu untuk mengendapkan presipitat yang terbentuk. Setelah terjadi endapan kemudian cairan beningnya diambil dan dianalisis kadar tembaganya menggunakan spektrofotometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode presipitasi menggunakan larutan NaOH dapat menurunkan kadar tembaga pada limbah cair industri kerajinan perak. Hasil optimum yang dicapai terjadi dengan penambahan 20 mL NaOH 9% untuk sampel limbah cair sebanyak 250 mL dengan penurunan kadar tembaga hingga 95,47%, dan kadar tembaga bisa diturunkan dari 14,35 ppm menjadi 0,65 ppm. Kadar ini hampir mencapai baku mutu limbah cair, yakni sebesar 0,6 ppm. Dari pengaruh waktu pengendapan terhadap volume endapan didapatkan bahwa laju volume pengendapan keseluruhan dari proses ini sebesar 0,028125 ml/menit.

OPTIMASI PROSES EKSTRAKSI MINYAK KACANG TANAH DENGAN PELARUT N-HEKSANA Ganjar Andaka
Jurnal Teknologi Vol 2 No 1 (2009): Jurnal Teknologi
Publisher : Jurnal Teknologi, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Institut Sains & Teknologi AKPRIND Yogyakarta

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Minyak merupakan campuran ester dari gliserol dan asam lemak rantai panjang yang sering disebut trigliserida. Trigliserida terbentuk dari asam lemak jenuh dan asam lemak tak jenuh. Minyak kacang tanah mengandung 76 – 82% asam lemak tak jenuh yang terdiri dari 40 – 45% asam oleat dan 30 – 45% asam linoleat. Asam lemak jenuh sebagian besar terdiri dari asam palmitat, sedangkan kadar asam miristat sekitar 5%. Kandungan minyak yang terdapat di dalam kacang tanah cukup tinggi yaitu berkisar antara 40 – 50%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kondisi optimum volume pelarut dan suhu ekstraksi terhadap persentase minyak terambil. Variabel volume pelarut dilakukan dengan memvariasikan volume pelarut antara 80 – 120 mL, sedangkan variabel suhu ekstraksi dilakukan dengan memvariasikan suhu ekstraksi antara 35 – 60oC. Hasil ekstraksi kemudian disaring dan filtratnya didistilasi pada suhu 69oC untuk memisahkan minyak dari pelarutnya. Persentase minyak yang terambil dapat dihitung dari perbandingan berat minyak yang diperoleh terhadap berat bahan baku. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kondisi optimum volume pelarut tercapai pada volume pelarut 120 mL untuk 40 g kacang tanah, sedangkan kondisi optimum suhu ekstraksi tercapai pada suhu 55oC dengan persentase minyak terambil 33,47% untuk masing-masing variabel. Kata kunci: Ekstraksi; Minyak kacang tanah; n-Heksana

Hidrolisis Minyak Biji Kapuk dengan Katalisator Asam Khlorida Ganjar Andaka
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 2, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.556

Reaksi hidrolisis minyak biji kapuk memakai asam khlorida sebagai katalisator untuk membentuk gliserol dan asam lemak dilakukan dengan mempelajari pengaruh suhu reaksi dan konsentrasi katalisator terhadap konstanta kecepatan reaksi. Percobaan dilakukan dalam reaktor yang berupa labu leher tiga yang dilengkapi dengan pendingin, pemanas, pengaduk dan termometer sebagai pengukur suhu. Percobaan dilakukan pada kisaran suhu 80 sampai 100oC, konsentrasi katalisator 0,011 sampai 0,017 N dan waktu reaksi 3 jam. Konsentrasi trigliserida setiap 0,25 jam dianalisis untuk menghitung konversi trigliserid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinetika reaksi hidrolisis minyak biji kapuk mengikuti reaksi tingkat satu terhadap konsentrasi trigliserida. Pengaruh suhu terhadap konstanta kecepatan reaksi dapat disajikan dalam persamaan k = 0,3258 exp(−1379,8875/RT) jam−1 dengan nilai tenaga pengaktif 1379,8875 cal/mol. Hubungan konsentrasi katalisator dengan konstanta kecepatan reaksi dituliskan dalam persamaan k = 0,06002 exp(−0,0025/Ck) jam−1. Kata kunci: kinetika, hidrolisis, minyak biji kapuk, asam lemak, gliserol Hydrolysis of kapok seed oil in the presence of hydrochloric acid catalyst to produce glycerol and fatty acid was studied. The objective of this work was to study the effect of reaction temperature and catalyst concentration on the reaction rate constant. The experiments were conducted in a three-neck flask equiped with stirrer, heater, condenser, and thermometer. The reaction condition studied were temperature ranging from 80 to 100C and catalyst concentration from 0.011 to 0.017 N. The reaction time was kept constant at 3 hours. The concentration of triglycerides every 0.25 hour were analyzed to calculate the conversion of triglycerides. The results of this study showed that the reaction kinetics of the hydrolysis of kapok seed oil was found to be first order with respect to triglyceride. The effect of reaction temperatures on the reaction rate constant was found to be k = 0.3258 exp(−1379.8875/RT) h−1, the activation energy was 1379.8875 cal/mol and the effect of catalyst concentrations on the reaction rate constant could be expressed as k = 0.06002 exp(−0.0025/Ck) h−1. Key words: kinetics, hydrolysis, kapok seed oil, fatty acid, glycerol

SINTESIS FURFURAL DARI KULIT BUAH KAPUK RANDU DENGAN KATALISATOR ASAM KHLORIDA Ganjar Andaka
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI TECHNOSCIENTIA Technoscientia Vol 9 No 1 Agustus 2016
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPPM), IST AKPRIND Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34151/technoscientia.v9i1.147

Hydrolysis of kapok shell in the presence of hydrochloric acid catalyst to produce furfural was studied. This objective of this work was to study the effects of catalyst concentration and reaction time on yield of furfural. The experiment were conducted by reacting kapok shell with hydrochloric acid in a three neck flask sized 500 mL equipped with stirrer, heater, condenser, and thermometer. The reaction condition studied were catalyst concentration ranging from 0,025 N to 0,2 N and reaction time from 30 minutes to 180 minutes. The concentration of furfural was analyzed to calculate the yield of furfural. The initial analysis of kapok shell obtained that the water content of 6.75%, ash content of 2.31%, and pentosan content of 22.72%. The results show that yield of furfural reached a maximum at the catalyst concentration is 8.01% and the yield of furfural reached an optimum at the reaction time for 180 minutes is 8.03%.

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