Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2020 - 2025
1.463
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal Jurnal Anestesi Perioperatif Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Majalah Obstetri dan Ginekologi Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory (IJCPML) Journal of Telenursing (JOTING) Indonesian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (IJAR) Cardiovascular and Cardiometabolic Journal (CCJ) Jurnal Widya Medika
Setiawan, Philia
Department Of Anesthesiology And Reanimation, Faculty Of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

Published : 11 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 11 Documents
Search

 1   2 
Analisis Syndecan-1 Laktat dan Profil Lipid Sebagai Faktor Risiko Keparahan dan Mortalitas Sepsis Yopie Wiguna; Philia Setiawan; Bambang Pujo Semedi; Bambang Purwanto
Jurnal Anestesi Perioperatif Vol 9, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15851/jap.v9n1.2251

Abstract

Pada sepsis, endothelial glycocalyx (EG), dapat rusak dan luruh melepaskan syndecan-1 ke dalam plasma. Kerusakan EG akan mengganggu mikrosirkulasi, menimbulkan hipoperfusi jaringan, dan meningkatkan kadar laktat. Gangguan profil lipid pada sepsis terjadi karena gangguan metabolisme dan kerusakan langsung hepatosit akibat meluruhnya EG. Penelitian ini bermaksud menganalisis syndecan-1, laktat, dan profil lipid sebagai faktor risiko keparahan dan mortalitas pada pasien sepsis. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional pada 39 pasien dewasa yang memenuhi kritera sepsis-3. Keparahan sepsis diklasifikasikan menjadi sepsis dan syok septik dan ditentukan dalam 6 jam setelah time zero berdasarkan penggunaan vasopresor, kecukupan resusitasi cairan, dan nilai laktat ulangan. Kematian 7 hari dihitung sejak time zero sepsis. Syndecan-1, laktat, dan profil lipid diambil dalam jam pertama setelah time zero dianalisis sebagai faktor risiko keparahan dan mortalitas 7 hari. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji logistik regresi bivariat dan multivariat. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 20 pasien dengan sepsis, 19 pasien dengan syok septik. Berdasar atas mortalitas 7 hari, 10 pasien meninggal dan 29 pasien bertahan hidup. Laktat dan syndecan-1 merupakan prediktor keparahan pada sepsis. Laktat merupakan variabel yang lebih superior dibanding dengan syndecan-1 sebagai prediktor keparahan sepsis. Laktat merupakan prediktor untuk mortalitas 7 hari pada pasien sepsis. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah laktat dan syndecan-1 merupakan prediktor keparahan pada sepsis. Laktat merupakan prediktor kematian 7 hari pada sepsis. Syndecan-1 Lactate and Lipid Profiles as Risk Factors for Severity and Mortality in SepsisIn sepsis, endothelial glycocalyx (EG) may experience damages and decay, releasing syndecan-1 into plasma. EG damages will disrupt microcirculation, causing tissue hypoperfusion and increasing lactate levels. Disorders of the lipid profile in sepsis occur due to metabolic disorders and direct hepatocyte damages due to EG shedding. This study intended to analyze the Syndecan-1, lactate, and lipid profiles as risk factors for severity and mortality in septic patients. This was an observational analytic study on 39 adult patients who met the criteria for sepsis-3. Sepsis severity was classified into sepsis and septic shock and was determined within 6 hours after time zero based on the vasopressor use, adequacy of fluid resuscitation, and repeat lactate values. The 7-day mortality was counted from time zero sepsis. Syndecan-1, Lactate, and Lipid Profiles were assessed within the first hour after time zero and analyzed as risk factors for severity and 7-day mortality. Data analysis was performed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression tests. In this study, there were 20 patients with sepsis, 19 patients with septic shock. Based on the 7-day mortality, 10 patients died and 29 patients survived. Lactate and Syndecan-1 are predictors of severity in sepsis. Lactate is superior than Syndecan-1 as a predictor of sepsis severity and is a predictor of 7-day mortality in septic patients. Nonetheless, both lactate and Syndecan-1 are predictors of severity in sepsis.
Hubungan Profil Lipid (Kadar Trigliserida, HDL, LDL, Total Kolesterol) dengan Jenis Infeksi Bakteri pada Pasien Sepsis Yopie Wiguna; Philia Setiawan; Prananda Surya Airlangga
Jurnal Anestesi Perioperatif Vol 8, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15851/jap.v8n3.2156

Abstract

Gangguan profil lipid berhubungan dengan peningkatan kejadian gagal organ dan kematian pada pasiensepsis. Gangguan profil lipid mungkin berbeda antarjenis infeksi bakteri (gram positif vs gram negatif),perbedaan ini mungkin jadi disebabkan oleh perbedaan klirens endotoksin yang berbeda dan mekanisme imunologis host yang berkaitan dengan metabolism lipid. Tujuan, menganalisis perbedaan profil kadar lipid (HDL, LDL, Trigliserida, total kolesterol) dengan jenis infeksi bakteri pada pasien sepsis di ruang perawatan intensif RSUD Dr. Soetomo yang dilaksanakan pada bulan April–Juli 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional pada pasien dewasa yang memenuhi kritera sepsis-3. Jenis infeksi bakteri diklasifikasikan menjadi infeksi bakteri gram negatif, infeksi bakteri gram positif, infeksi campuran, dan tidak tumbuh kuman. Penelitian ini menganalisis perbedaan profil kadar lipid antarjenis infeksi bakteri menggunakan analisis normalitas data dan analisis varian data. Hasil dari 38 pasien sepsis dewasa pada penelitian ini didapatkan 13 pasien infeksi bakteri gram negatif, 13 pasien infeksi gram positif, 5 pasien infeksi campuran gram positif dan negatif, dan tidak didapatkan pertumbuhan kuman pada 7 pasien. Kadar HDL lebih rendah pada infeksi bakteri gram negatif dan infeksi bakteri campuran gram positif-gram negatif (p<0,05). Kadar trigliserida lebih tinggi pada infeksi bakteri gram negatif dan infeksi bakteri campuran gram positif - gram negatif (p<0,05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar LDL dan total kolesterol antarjenis infeksi bakteri. Simpulan, kadar HDL plasma lebiH rendah dan kadar trigliserida lebih tinggi pada pasien sepsis infeksi bakteri gram negatif dan bakteri campuran gram positif–gram negatif disbanding dengan pasien sepsis infeksi bakteri gram positif dan tidak didapatkan pertumbuhan kuman. Relationship of Lipid Profile (Levels of Triglyceride, HDL, LDL, Total Cholesterol) with Types of Bacterial Infection in Sepsis PatientsImpaired lipid profiles are associated with an increased incidence of organ failure and mortality in septic patients. Disorders of the lipid profile may differ between bacterial infection types (gram-positive vs gram-negative). Differences could be due to dissimilarities in different endotoxin clearance and host immunological mechanisms related to lipid metabolism. The study analyzed differences in lipid profiles (HDL, LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol) with the bacterial infection type in septic patients in the intensive care room of Dr. Soetomo Hospital in April–July 2020. This study was an observational analytic study of 38 adult patients who met the criteria for sepsis-3. Bacterial infection types were classified into gram-negative bacterial infections, gram-positive bacterial infections, mixed infections and culture negative. This study analyzed differences in lipid profiles between bacterial infection types, and used data normality analysis and data variant analysis. Results showed that 13 patients had gram-negative bacterial infection, 13 patients were with gram-positive infection, five patients were with mixed gram-positive gram-negative infections, and seven patients had no germ growth. Plasma HDL levels were lower in gram-negative bacterial infections and mixed gram-positive gram-negative bacterial infections (p<0.05). Plasma triglyceride levels were higher in gram-negative bacterial infections and mixed gram-positive gram-negative bacterial infections (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in LDL levels and total plasma cholesterol between bacterial infections types. In conclusion, plasma HDL levels are significantly lower, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in septic patients with gram-negative and mixed gram-positive bacterial infections than in sepsis patients with gram-positive bacterial infections and culture negative.
TEG's Utility to Detect Hypercoagulability in Adult Patients at Post-Cardiac Surgery Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass in ICU Hildegardis Dyna Dumilah; Hartono Kahar; Arifoel Hajat; Philia Setiawan; Heroe Soebroto
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 27, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v27i1.1615

Abstract

The use of Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) in adult patients of cardiac surgery disrupts the coagulation system. The mostcommon complication of the coagulation system is bleeding; however, that does not rule out the possibility of a dangeroushypercoagulation condition. A quick and precise coagulation test can provide clues for clinicians to predict futurehemostatic disorders or determine interventional therapy. aPTT and PT are standard laboratory tests, which are limited todetect a deficiency of coagulation factors. Thromboelastography (TEG) test (R time, K time, α angle, MA, and LY30) providesan overview of the entire coagulation and fibrinolysis process with faster results. A 2.7 mL citrate blood sample was takenand tested in a TEG®5000 device, then centrifuged. The plasma was then tested for aPTT and PT using the Sysmex CS-2100idevice. Bleeding volume was measured from chest drain 1-2 hours in the ICU after chest closure in the operating room.Bleeding criteria were as follows: > 1.5 mL/kg/hour for 6 hours consecutively in 24 hours or > 100 mL/hour. The resultsshowed 30 patients with no clinically significant bleeding. A significant correlation was found between PT and bleedingvolume at IV hour (p=0.008, r= 0.472). There was no correlation between aPTT and TEG (R time, K time, α angle, MA, andLY30) with the bleeding volume at I, II, III, and IV hours. There was a hypercoagulation indication of the TEG test of 56.7%,which showed clinical importance for the patient. PT can be used to analyze changes in bleeding volume at IV hour and TEGis more superior to detect hypercoagulability of adult patients after cardiac surgery with CPB.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes in delivery with diagnosis of antepartum hemorrhage due to placenta previa at a tertiary hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia Sarah Nia Amru; Indra Yuliati; Philia Setiawan
Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi Vol. 30 No. 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mog.V30I32022.122-127

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS 1. To provide effective prevention and management of placenta previa, maternal and neonatal outcomes should be identified.2. Among mothers studied, no maternal mortality was found, but most newborns had prematurity and low birthweight.   ABSTRACT Objective: To identify maternal and neonatal outcomes in delivery with diagnosis of antepartum hemorrhage (APH) due to placenta previa. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study with cross-sectional design. Samples were taken using medical records with convenience sampling technique. Deliveries with history of APH due to placenta previa at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, on January 1 until December 31, 2019, were included. Results: In our study, 36 mothers were included. Maternal characteristics included age of 20–35 years in 72.2%, overweight in 50%, referral visits in 69.4%, from out of town (66.7%), bleeding onset at 3rd trimester (97.2%),  primigravida (8.3%), nulliparity (13.9%), 69.4% with history of C-section, and 83.3% no hospital readmissions. Maternal outcomes included 100% mothers diagnosed with complete placenta previa and performed C-section. The mothers were mostly (69.4%) diagnosed with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). There were 36.1% hysterectomy, 33.3% postpartum hemorrhage, 50% blood transfusions, and zero maternal mortality. Neonatal outcomes included prematurity in 80%, low birth weight (LBW) in 51.5%, while 77.1% and 85.7% of newborns had no asphyxia at 1 and 5 minutes, consecutively. Conclusion: All mothers experienced complete placenta previa, and underwent C-section with most of the mothers were diagnosed with PAS. Less than half of them needed hysterectomy intervention because other patients with focal type PAS were planned for conservative surgery. Moreover, they mostly did not have postpartum hemorrhage with half of them needed blood transfusion. There was zero maternal mortality, with most newborns experienced prematurity, LBW but no significant asphyxia.
TEG's Utility to Detect Hypercoagulability in Adult Patients at Post-Cardiac Surgery Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass in ICU Hildegardis Dyna Dumilah; Hartono Kahar; Arifoel Hajat; Philia Setiawan; Heroe Soebroto
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v27i1.1615

Abstract

The use of Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) in adult patients of cardiac surgery disrupts the coagulation system. The most common complication of the coagulation system is bleeding; however, that does not rule out the possibility of a dangerous hypercoagulation condition. A quick and precise coagulation test can provide clues for clinicians to predict future hemostatic disorders or determine interventional therapy. aPTT and PT are standard laboratory tests, which are limited to detect a deficiency of coagulation factors. Thromboelastography (TEG) test (R time, K time, α angle, MA, and LY30) provides an overview of the entire coagulation and fibrinolysis process with faster results. A 2.7 mL citrate blood sample was taken and tested in a TEG®5000 device, then centrifuged. The plasma was then tested for aPTT and PT using the Sysmex CS-2100i device. Bleeding volume was measured from chest drain 1-2 hours in the ICU after chest closure in the operating room. Bleeding criteria were as follows: > 1.5 mL/kg/hour for 6 hours consecutively in 24 hours or > 100 mL/hour. The results showed 30 patients with no clinically significant bleeding. A significant correlation was found between PT and bleeding volume at IV hour (p=0.008, r= 0.472). There was no correlation between aPTT and TEG (R time, K time, α angle, MA, and LY30) with the bleeding volume at I, II, III, and IV hours. There was a hypercoagulation indication of the TEG test of 56.7%, which showed clinical importance for the patient. PT can be used to analyze changes in bleeding volume at IV hour and TEG is more superior to detect hypercoagulability of adult patients after cardiac surgery with CPB.  
Profile of Airway Patency, Respiratory Rate, PaCO2, and PaO2 in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients (GCS Maria Marind Desrianti Hutauruk; Ira Dharmawati; Philia Setiawan
Indonesian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Vol. 1 No. 2 (2019): Indonesian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (IJAR)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine-Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (172.032 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/ijar.V1I22019.32-37

Abstract

Introduction: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the most common neurotrauma with high morbidity and mortality. Many guidelines recommend the use of mechanical ventilation for severe TBI patients, but there are limited resources of procuring ventilator machine in hospitals especially in developing countries. Yet it is not comparable with the number of TBI patients. Objective: This study is purposed to provide the profile of ventilation and oxygenation (airway patency, RR, PaCO2, and PaO2) in severe TBI patients (GCS<9) admitted in the Emergency Room (ER) of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya. Method and Material: This is a retrospective study using medical records of patients with TBI who were admitted in the ER of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital from January to December 2017. The patient's general characteristics, blood gas analysis (PaCO2, PaO2), airway patency were recorded and analyzed. Results and Discussion: Thirty-seven severe TBI patients were included in the analysis. 30 men (81.1%) and 7 women (18.9%) with an average of 37±16 years old (range: 5-65) were studied. Most of the patients (94.6%) had MAP between 60 and 160 mmHg, PaCO2<35 mmHg (72.9%), PaO2>60 mmHg (100%), RR>20 breaths per minute (70.2%), and patent airways (64.9%) with simple support of oxygen. 8.1% of all of those patients had PaCO2>45 mmHg. Conclusion: Most of the severe TBI admitted in the ER of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital had hypocapnia or respiratory rate higher than the normal range. Though one-third of the patient has partial obstruction of the airway, no significant hypoxemia is found.
Intervensi Kombinasi Deep Breathing Exercise dan Murottal terhadap Perubahan Nyeri dan Tanda-Tanda Vital Pasien Pasca Bedah Jantung Terbuka Didit Supriyanto; Tintin Sukartini; Philia Setiawan; Asroful Hulam Zamroni; Siti Maimuna
Journal of Telenursing (JOTING) Vol 5 No 2 (2023): Journal of Telenursing (JOTING)
Publisher : Institut Penelitian Matematika, Komputer, Keperawatan, Pendidikan dan Ekonomi (IPM2KPE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31539/joting.v5i2.7205

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of a combination of deep breathing exercises and murottal on changes in pain and vital signs in patients after open heart surgery in intensive care. This research method uses a quasi-experimental design pre-post test. The results showed that the difference test between the treatment and control groups, there was a significant difference. value= 0.001, SpO2 with p value=0.000 and MAP with p value=0.000. The statistical tests used are the Independent t-test, Paired t-test, and Manova, with a significance level of α= 0.05. In conclusion, combining deep breathing exercises and murottal is a relaxation technique that can affect changes in pain and vital signs (pulse, RR, SpOâ and MAP) in patients after open heart surgery. Keywords: Deep Breathing, Post-Cardiac Surgery, Vital Signs, Pain Level
Comparing Alteration of MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) Scores as Cognitive Function Test in Geriatrics After General and Regional Anesthesia Ferrie Budianto; Philia Setiawan; Hamzah Hamzah; Erikavitri Yulianti
Indonesian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): Indonesian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (IJAR)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine-Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (526.621 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/ijar.V2I22020.47-52

Abstract

Introduction: An alteration of cognitive function in geriatrics often occurred after a surgery procedure. To do a surgery, patients would go through the process with anesthesia, whether it is  general or regional anesthesia. We aimed to identify the effect of general and regional anesthesia in increasing the risk of alteration in cognitive function from geriatrics who underwent elective surgery followed by other risks. Methods: This observational analytic study has a total sample of 60 patients who aged 60 years or more, and half of the total sample underwent an elective surgery with general anesthesia, whereas the other half with regional anesthesia at Gedung Bedah Pusat Terpadu Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in a range of October – November 2016. The cognitive function of patients was assessed with MMSE which is done in approximately 10 – 15 minutes. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between age and both preoperative MMSE score also the alteration of MMSE score after 3 days in patients with regional anesthesia (P-value = 0.032; 0.044). Also, the correlation between educational status and preoperative MMSE score (P-value = 0.001). There was also a statistically significant difference in alteration of the MMSE score after 3 days between patients with general and regional anesthesia which went through the hypotension phase (P-value = 0.022; 0.003). We identified that both general and regional anesthesia could lead to alteration of MMSE score (P-value = 0.001; 0.02) and there was a statistically significant difference between both of them (P-value = 0.001). Conclusion: Both general and regional anesthesia could lower the cognitive function of geriatrics, especially general anesthesia which happened to have a higher risk to occur. Other factors such as age, educational status, and hemodynamic condition during surgery, had their impacts toward lowering cognitive function in geriatrics.
Correlation Between Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time (CPB Time) during Coronary Artery Bypass Graft on ICU Length of Stay Andreas Rama Arkananta Nugraha; Danang Himawan Limanto; Philia Setiawan; Atika
Cardiovascular and Cardiometabolic Journal (CCJ) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Cardiovascular and Cardiometabolic Journal
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ccj.v5i1.2024.1-10

Abstract

Highlight: 1. CHD remains one of the most threatening CVD in Indonesia. Studies discussing CHD will contribute in future studies for cardiologists to assert better options for treatment. - Abstract Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the deadliest diseases in Indonesia. Coronary artery bypass graft using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an integral measure in its treatment. The objective of this study is to identify the correlation of CPB Time and Length of Stay (LOS) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Dr.Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. Material and Methods: This study was conducted using observational and analytic methods. The population are coronary heart disease patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft. A total sampling method was used from the medical records of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya from October 2021 until September 2022. The research variables are: CPB time and ICU LOS. The relationship between CPB and ICU LOS was analyzed using the Spearman correlation test and logistic regression as well Mann-Whitney test using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 25. Results: From the results of the correlation test, there is no correlation between CPB Time and ICU LOS with a correlation coefficient of r=0212, there is no significant difference between CPB ≤180 minutes and CPB >180 minutes on ICU LOS p=0.123.  From  the  overall  sample,  the  average  age  was  62.24+7.765  years,  with the majority of the sample were male  87.3%. Conclusion: There is no correlation between the CPB Time and ICU LOS in patients after coronary artery bypass graft at RSUD Dr. Soetomo.
BACTERIAL COLONY GROWTH IN THE VENTILATOR CIRCUIT OF THE INTENSIVE OBSERVATION UNIT AT RSUD Dr. SOETOMO SURABAYA Perdhana, Fajar; Utariani, Arie; Semedi, Bambang Pujo; Setiawan, Philia
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (434.886 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v6i3.3013

Abstract

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a problem with the highest cos, morbidity and mortalityt in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The correlation between mechanical ventilation and pneumonia is considered as common sense, yet scientific evidence to support this statement is still needed. This research aims to analyze the bacterial colony grows in mechanical ventilation circuit and those grew in the patient's sputum culture. We performed an observational study. Samples for bacterial culture were taken from ventilator circuit and patient sputum on Day-0, Day-3 and Day-7. Sputum samplings are collected using double catheter tracheal aspiration technique; Results are then analyzed with Chi-square test. While the similarity of bacteria species in ventilator circuit to patient's sputum is analyzed with Binomial test. Two samples are dropped out immediately due to the rate of bacterial growth on Day-0. Bacterial colony growth in ventilator circuit shows a significant difference on Day-3 and Day-7 at 50% and 92% respectively (p = 0.05). A comparison for the bacterial similarity of the ventilator circuit and patient's sputum shows that the bacterial growth on Day-3 is 7 out of 14 (50%) and 3 with more than 105 CFU/ml colony; while on Day-7, there are 13 out of 14 positive bacterial growth, both in the circuit and the patient's sputum. Among them, 5 out of 14 (35%) of the bacterial colony which grow in the circuit have the same species as those grow in patient's sputum. The recent study shows that there is bacteria colony growth in the ventilator circuit after Day-3 and a significant increase on Day-7. Almost half of the colony illustrates similar species from both ventilator circuit and patient's sputum. This suggests that the bacterial growth on Day-7 in the ventilator circuit might be related to those growth in patient's sputum. 
Co-Authors . Melinda Andreas Rama Arkananta Nugraha Arifoel Hajat Asroful Hulam Zamroni Atika Bambang Purwanto Danang Himawan Limanto Dharmawati, Ira Didit Supriyanto Ferrie Budianto Filipus Michael Yofrido Hamzah Hamzah Hartono Kahar, Hartono Hildegardis Dyna Dumilah INDRA YULIATI, INDRA Maria Marind Desrianti Hutauruk Perdhana, Fajar Prananda Surya Airlangga Sarah Nia Amru Semedi, Bambang Pujo Semedi, Bambang Pujo Siti Maimuna Soebroto, Heroe Tintin Sukartini Sukartini, Tintin Sukartini Utariani, Arie Yopie Wiguna Yopie Wiguna Yulianti, Erikavitri