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Analysis of the effect of international trade openness on inequality between districts/cities in Indonesia's provinces Rahmi Fadhillah; Zamroni Zamroni
JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia) Vol 9, No 1 (2023): JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia)
Publisher : Indonesian Institute for Counseling, Education and Theraphy (IICET)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29210/020231761

Abstract

This study aims to determine the impact of international trade openness on regional inequality in Indonesia's provinces by using the concept of economic geography. Other factors such as geographic accessibility, labor share in the manufacturing sector, population, and government expenditure are also estimated. This study uses panel econometric analysis. The data used from 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2003-to 2018 was obtained from Statistic Indonesia (BPS). The result shows that international trade openness has a positive effect on increasing inequality between regions. However, openness to international trade hurts increasing inequality between regions if it is supported by geographic accessibility. The economic dispersion causes this due to cost efficiency and competitive forces. In addition, the share of labor in the manufacturing sector has no effect. However, the population and the government expenditure have a positive and significant effect on regional inequality. Positive exports tend to reduce regional inequality. Each province's exports and imports also affect this result.
Development of higher order thinking skill assessment instruments in social studies learning Nurizky Handayani; Suranto Aw; Zamroni Zamroni; Myristica Imanita; Johan Setiawan; Muhammad Rijal Fadli
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 13, No 2: April 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v13i2.26448

Abstract

Higher order thinking skill (HOTS) in social studies learning are still often ignored by teachers despite the need for students to acquire these skills. The purpose of this study is to develop her HOTS assessment in a social studies classroom to help teachers improve their students’ thinking skills. This kind of research is research and development with 4D models. Validation was performed by two social studies learning assessment specialists and three social studies teachers. The HOTS test was administered to 112 students in class VIII (second grade) of Yogyakarta junior high school. Data analysis consisted of validity, reliability, difficulty, selectivity, and distractor index. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) pathway analysis was used for data analysis of small trials and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) pathway analysis was used for large trials. The multiple-choice HOTS assessment tool consisted of 30 items, and the effectiveness results of this HOTS questions on material, structure, and language aspects by two social studies learning assessment experts where it was valid and suitable for our application. Effective results for three social studies teachers indicated that the assessment tool was valid and applicable. HOTS in social studies learning helps improve quality and learning outcomes, enabling students to examine information critically, develop creativity, and improve problem-solving skills.