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All Journal Ilmu dan Budaya Insignia: Journal of International Relations JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Populis : Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora Journal of Governance Journal of Islamic World and Politics Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Jurnal HAM Andalas Journal of International Studies Sosio Dialektika Journal of Social Political Sciences (JSPS) TheJournalish: Social and Government Indonesian Perspective
Indra Kusumawardhana
Universitas Pertamina
Religion Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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STANDING ABOVE THE LEVIATHAN: IMPLIKASI DIFUSI NORMA PERDAGANGAN WTO KE DALAM KEBIJAKAN IMPOR PANGAN INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 2018-2022 Reskyana Lukman; Indra Kusumawardhana
TheJournalish: Social and Government Vol. 4 No. 4 (2023): Social and Government
Publisher : CV The Journal Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55314/tsg.v4i4.581

Abstract

The power of international organizations over the policies of developing countries has become a significant discourse in the era of globalization. This study elucidates Indonesia's food import policy between 2018 and 2022, which implements import policies regardless of surplus or bumper harvests, due to the influence of agricultural trade norms introduced by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The research aims to depict the process of the WTO as an international organization capable of controlling Indonesia's food import policy from 2018 to 2022 through the analysis of the diffusion process of WTO agricultural trade norms embedded within the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA). The method utilized in this study is qualitative research, involving data collection through literature review and applying the theory of norm diffusion to understand the inference process from global norms to the national policies of developing countries. The results demonstrate that the WTO can control Indonesia's food import policy through its engagement in the norm diffusion stage as a norm diffuser, establishing itself as an organizational platform in the norm emergence stage and providing legitimacy to norms in the acceptance stage. Therefore, during the internalization of norms by Indonesia, the WTO is able to monitor and control the country's agricultural policies, resulting in consistent food import policies despite bumper harvests or surpluses.
The Energy Trilemma and the Alignment of Indonesian Nickel Policy Indra Kusumawardhana; Octavia Adiel Permata
Journal of Governance Volume 8 Issue 4: (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31506/jog.v8i4.23256

Abstract

This article examines the energy trilemma faced by Indonesia in the context of the nickel industry, focusing on three main aspects: the reliability of energy supply, environmental sustainability, and economic accessibility. With the global demand for nickel in electric vehicle batteries increasing, Indonesia, as one of the largest nickel producers, faces significant challenges in ensuring a stable, environmentally friendly, and affordable energy supply for nickel processing and extraction. The study uses data analysis from the mining and energy sectors to evaluate how current energy policies impact the nickel industry. It also explores the use of renewable energy sources in nickel mining operations and their impact on environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the article assesses the economic accessibility of the energy used in the nickel industry, considering the importance of nickel in the Indonesian economy. Findings indicate that despite progress in renewable energy utilization, challenges remain in production scalability and long-term sustainability. The article proposes strategies for optimizing energy resource management in the nickel industry, emphasizing the importance of technological innovation, supportive policies, and international cooperation. This research provides essential insights for policymakers, investors, and industry stakeholders in addressing the energy trilemma in Indonesia, particularly in the context of the evolving nickel industry.
Mengapa Rezim Internasional Gagal? Analisis Legalisasi “Lima Poin Konsensus ASEAN” tentang Myanmar Pasca Kudeta Militer 2021 Indra Kusumawardhana
Indonesian Perspective Vol 7, No 1: (Januari-Juni 2022), hlm. 1-137
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (351.381 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v7i1.48592

Abstract

Assessing the effectiveness of international regimes has become a central topic for scholars and policymakers. Realist argues that national interests determine whether or not states comply with international regimes. This article offers an alternative account by analyzing the anatomy of the agreement. Using the case study of the “ASEAN Five-Point Consensus” on Myanmar, this article employs the concept of legalization derived from institutionalist theory which is used to assess the degree of institutionalization of the international agreements characterized by three dimensions; obligation, precision, and delegation. The central thesis of this article is that the “ASEAN Five-Point Consensus” on Myanmar is a sort of soft law due to its strong weakness in three dimensions. It implies that the agreement will not be properly implemented by ASEAN member countries, especially by Myanmar’s military junta. This article concludes that the effectiveness of the “ASEAN Five-Point Consensus” on Myanmar depends not only on the states’ national interests but also on the degree of institutionalization of this agreement. The soft law character of this agreement is strongly influenced by the culture of ASEAN’s decision-making mechanism which puts a strong emphasis on the consensus in crafting non-obligatory agreements. 
Garuda in Southeast Asia’s Contested Waters: Indonesia dan Dinamika Keamanan Maritim Asia Tenggara Indra Kusumawardhana; Frieska Haridha; Innesia Ma’sumah
Indonesian Perspective Vol 5, No 1: (Januari-Juni 2020), hlm. 1-117
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (973.275 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v5i1.30192

Abstract

Indonesia’s strategic agenda to become the Global Maritime Fulcrum creates the discourse related to its existence in the context of maritime security in Southeast Asia. The emergence of Indonesia’s political realism to maintain the sovereignty of its waters has fueled various maritime insecurity problems that have occurred in Indonesian waters so far. Drawing from abovementioned context, this paper provides an analysis related to the various dynamics, challenges and issues of maritime security in Southeast Asia that surrounds Indonesia’s Global Maritime Fulcrum. Using traditional and non-traditional security study approaches in understanding maritime security, this paper examines various maritime insecurity issues faced by Indonesia, especially in the context of the Global Maritime Fulcrum agenda.
Music Matters: Diplomasi Budaya Indonesia terhadap Negara di Kawasan Pasifik Melalui ‘the Symphony of Friendship’ di Selandia Baru Sophia Bernadette; Rizka Septiana; Indra Kusumawardhana
Indonesian Perspective Vol 7, No 2: (Juli-Desember 2022): 134-255
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v7i2.50779

Abstract

This study aims to determine Indonesia's strategy in implementing cultural diplomacy and soft power diplomacy through the cultural event ‘The Symphony of Friendship’ by the Indonesian Embassy in New Zealand. Using a descriptive qualitative research method with data collection techniques through semi-structured in-depth interviews, which are then analyzed in depth supported by trust checking techniques through triangulation of data sources. The findings in this study are cultural diplomacy aimed at building Indonesia's image in the South Pacific region in dealing with separatist issues in Papua, which have been raised internationally by several countries, namely Fiji, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea. The TSF was conducted to build a perception of Indonesia in the Pacific community as a colonialist against Papua, presenting a positive perception so that Indonesia is not seen as carrying out repression in Papua through a cultural approach and embracing the community to work together and encourage togetherness through a musical approach. 
Bending The Golden Giant: Indonesia's Bargaining Power for Nationalized Control Over PT. Freeport Indonesia Abdurofiq, Atep; Kusumawardhana, Indra
Journal of Governance Volume 9 Issue 3: (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31506/jog.v9i3.28868

Abstract

From 2009-2017, the renegotiation process between Indonesia and PT Freeport Indonesia (PTFI) has provided crucial insights into the International Political Economy's (IPE) understanding of the relationship between developing nations and Multi-National Corporations (MNCs). This paper delves deep into the evolving dynamics between Indonesia and Freeport McMoRan, spotlighting the concept of state capacity as a lens to decipher the nuances of bargaining power in the realm of natural resource extraction. Advocating an original perspective, our study charts a strategic path for developing nations to reassert control over their natural resources vis-à-vis MNCs. At its core, this research underscores the enduring sovereignty of states, albeit adapted to the demands of an increasingly globalized world. The outcomes bolster the argument that, even in a globalized context, states retain the capability to harness their sovereign standing, enabling them to negotiate effectively with MNCs.
Co-Authors Abd Azis Annisa Antania Hanjani Arry Bainus, Arry Arubay Mahardhikawatie Atep Abdurofiq, Atep Ayu Sabrina Ayu Sabrina Bernadette, Sophia Bhardanshah Mohammad Clara Tirta Wijaya Dinda Rizkimawati Frieska Haridha Ghina Salsabila Herdiani Narita Ibrahim Hugo Innesia Ma’sumah Iqbal Ramadhan Mohamad Rosyidin Muhammad Badaruddin Muhammad Fadilah Aziz Muhammad Firjatullah Mutiarah Azizah Dyah Pramesti Novita Putri Rudiany Novita Putri Rudiany Octavia Adiel Permata Raissa Regina Reskyana Lukman Rizka Septiana Rusadi Kantaprawira Rusdi Jarwo Abbas Silvia Dian Anggraini Tia Maulida Yunita Permatasari Zulkarnain