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Edwina Zainal

Universitas Bung Hatta

Author-ID : 2461295

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Physics Public Health Transportation Other

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Performance Comparison of Coagulation and Adsorption for Gambier Wastewater Treatment Using Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC), Calcium Hypochlorite, and Activated Carbon Dr. Eng. Erda Rahmilaila Desfitri; Setiaman Bawamenewi; Wahyudiansyah Kurinci; Edwina Zainal; Nofri Naldi; Reni Desmiarti
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 4 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i4.914

Industrial wastewater from gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) extraction is characterized by high organic loads, intense coloration, and elevated levels of total dissolved solids (TDS), which often exceed regulatory discharge limits. This study evaluated the performance of two chemical coagulants, Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)₂), and one physical adsorbent, coal-based activated carbon (CW 130 AR), in treating gambier wastewater. The experimental work assessed their effects on chemical oxygen demand (COD), TDS, and color, alongside adsorption equilibrium modeling using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Results demonstrated that PAC achieved 89% COD removal, and calcium hypochlorite reached 82%. However, both coagulants were ineffective at reducing Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and occasionally increased dissolved solids due to residual ionic species. In contrast, activated carbon achieved COD and color removal efficiencies exceeding 95%, though it provided only modest TDS removal (≈85%). Adsorption isotherm analysis confirmed that COD removal by activated carbon followed the Langmuir model (R² = 0.9488), indicating monolayer chemisorption on a homogeneous surface. Meanwhile, PAC and calcium hypochlorite showed weak conformity to Langmuir and Freundlich models, confirming coagulation/flocculation as their dominant removal mechanism. This study provides the first comparative performance evaluation of coagulation and adsorption processes for gambier industry wastewater, demonstrating that a hybrid or sequential treatment strategy can achieve more comprehensive pollutant removal. By enhancing treatment efficiency, reducing industrial effluent discharge, and enabling potential water reuse, this work supports Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).

Participatory Cost Estimation for the Rehabilitation of Uninhabitable Houses for Stimulant Assistance Recipients in Agam Regency, Indonesia Yulcherlina; Edwina Zainal; Elfida Agus
Teras Jurnal : Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 16 No 2 (2026): Teras Jurnal (September 2026)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/tj.v16i2.1434

Abstract This study identifies the physical conditions and cost requirements for housing stimulant assistance for uninhabitable houses (RTLH) in Agam Regency, West Sumatra. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining surveys, observations, and cost analysis of 76 BSPS recipient units across 15 villages. The findings reveal that 35–45% of assisted houses remain substandard, with sanitation, ventilation, and flooring as the most deficient components. Actual rehabilitation costs range from IDR 35–50 million per unit, significantly exceeding the IDR 20 million government stimulus, creating a funding gap of IDR 17.5–27.5 million per unit. Community self-reliance averages only IDR 8.45 million, insufficient to bridge this gap. The study contributes a participatory cost estimation framework integrating local knowledge to improve cost accuracy and programme targeting. Recommendations include increasing stimulus amounts, adopting participatory budgeting, and strengthening community participation. These findings inform policy improvements for more effective housing assistance programmes. Keywords: Uninhabitable houses, housing stimulant assistance, rehabilitation costs, funding gap, participatory cost estimation Abstrak Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi kondisi fisik dan kebutuhan biaya bantuan stimulan perumahan bagi rumah tidak layak huni (RTLH) di Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat. Metode campuran digunakan, menggabungkan survei, observasi, dan analisis biaya terhadap 76 unit penerima BSPS di 15 nagari. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa 35–45% rumah yang telah dibantu masih berada di bawah standar kelayakan, dengan sanitasi, ventilasi, dan lantai sebagai komponen paling defisien. Biaya rehabilitasi aktual berkisar antara Rp35–50 juta per unit, jauh melebihi bantuan pemerintah sebesar Rp20 juta, sehingga menimbulkan kesenjangan pendanaan sebesar Rp17,5–27,5 juta per unit. Swadaya masyarakat rata-rata hanya Rp8,45 juta, tidak cukup untuk menutupi kesenjangan tersebut. Penelitian ini menyumbangkan kerangka estimasi biaya partisipatif yang mengintegrasikan pengetahuan lokal untuk meningkatkan akurasi biaya dan ketepatan sasaran program. Rekomendasi meliputi peningkatan nilai bantuan, penerapan anggaran partisipatif, dan penguatan partisipasi masyarakat. Temuan ini memberikan masukan bagi perbaikan kebijakan program bantuan perumahan yang lebih efektif. Kata kunci: rumah tidak layak huni, bantuan stimulan perumahan, biaya rehabilitasi, kesenjangan pendanaan, estimasi biaya partisipatif

Participatory Cost Estimation for the Rehabilitation of Uninhabitable Houses for Stimulant Assistance Recipients in Agam Regency, Indonesia Yulcherlina; Edwina Zainal; Elfida Agus
Teras Jurnal : Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 16 No 2 (2026): Teras Jurnal (September 2026)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/tj.v16i2.1434

Abstract This study identifies the physical conditions and cost requirements for housing stimulant assistance for uninhabitable houses (RTLH) in Agam Regency, West Sumatra. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining surveys, observations, and cost analysis of 76 BSPS recipient units across 15 villages. The findings reveal that 35–45% of assisted houses remain substandard, with sanitation, ventilation, and flooring as the most deficient components. Actual rehabilitation costs range from IDR 35–50 million per unit, significantly exceeding the IDR 20 million government stimulus, creating a funding gap of IDR 17.5–27.5 million per unit. Community self-reliance averages only IDR 8.45 million, insufficient to bridge this gap. The study contributes a participatory cost estimation framework integrating local knowledge to improve cost accuracy and programme targeting. Recommendations include increasing stimulus amounts, adopting participatory budgeting, and strengthening community participation. These findings inform policy improvements for more effective housing assistance programmes. Keywords: Uninhabitable houses, housing stimulant assistance, rehabilitation costs, funding gap, participatory cost estimation Abstrak Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi kondisi fisik dan kebutuhan biaya bantuan stimulan perumahan bagi rumah tidak layak huni (RTLH) di Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat. Metode campuran digunakan, menggabungkan survei, observasi, dan analisis biaya terhadap 76 unit penerima BSPS di 15 nagari. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa 35–45% rumah yang telah dibantu masih berada di bawah standar kelayakan, dengan sanitasi, ventilasi, dan lantai sebagai komponen paling defisien. Biaya rehabilitasi aktual berkisar antara Rp35–50 juta per unit, jauh melebihi bantuan pemerintah sebesar Rp20 juta, sehingga menimbulkan kesenjangan pendanaan sebesar Rp17,5–27,5 juta per unit. Swadaya masyarakat rata-rata hanya Rp8,45 juta, tidak cukup untuk menutupi kesenjangan tersebut. Penelitian ini menyumbangkan kerangka estimasi biaya partisipatif yang mengintegrasikan pengetahuan lokal untuk meningkatkan akurasi biaya dan ketepatan sasaran program. Rekomendasi meliputi peningkatan nilai bantuan, penerapan anggaran partisipatif, dan penguatan partisipasi masyarakat. Temuan ini memberikan masukan bagi perbaikan kebijakan program bantuan perumahan yang lebih efektif. Kata kunci: rumah tidak layak huni, bantuan stimulan perumahan, biaya rehabilitasi, kesenjangan pendanaan, estimasi biaya partisipatif

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