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Factors Related Nurse Work Productivity In The Inpatient Room, Pekanbaru Medical Center In 2022: Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Produktivitas Kerja Perawat Di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Pekanbaru Medical Center Tahun 2022 Nurhaliza Yuriski; Hetty Ismainar; Aldiga Rienarti Abidin; Abdurrahman Hamid; Arnawilis Arnawilis
Jurnal Olahraga dan Kesehatan (ORKES) Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): Edisi Agustus 2022
Publisher : Badnur Medisa Group

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56466/orkes/Vol1.Iss2.27

Abstract

Every job demands human resources to improve the quality of their work. The importance of work productivity for nurses is an evaluation material to make continuous improvements for all hospital components, improving the quality of work results by hospitals. According to Kepmenkes No. 129 of 2008 regarding hospital minimum service standards, in the inpatient unit, patient satisfaction with an indicator of 90% while at Pekanbaru Medical Center Hospital the level of patient satisfaction is 77.5%. This study aims to determine the factors related to the work productivity of nurses in the inpatient ward of Pekanbaru Medical Center Hospital in 2022. This type of research is quantitative with a cross sectional design. The population is all nurses in the inpatient room totaling 65 people with a total sample of the entire population. The sampling technique used is total sampling. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate with chi square test (α = 0.05). Bivariate results showed a significant relationship between motivation (P = 0.000 < = 0.05), work discipline (P = 0.000 < = 0.05), income level (P = 0.000 < = 0.05), and work environment with work productivity. So the conclusions and suggestions for the Pekanbaru Medical Center Hospital are to increase the work productivity of nurses in providing health care services to the community and as an evaluation material to increase the work productivity of nurses.
Durasi Penggunaan Gadget terhadap Masalah Perkembangan Perilaku Emosional Anak Usia Pra Sekolah Ardiansyah Ardiansyah; Riau Roslita; Abdurrahman Hamid; Agnita Utami; Eka Wisanti
Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional Vol 5 No 1 (2023): Februari 2023, Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional
Publisher : Global Health Science Group

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/jppp.v5i1.1406

Abstract

Gadget merupakan perangkat media yang memiliki beragam fungsi dan kegunaaan, penggunaan gadget memiliki pengaruh yang negatif. Gadget bisa memengaruhi perilaku pada anak-anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara durasi penggunaaan gadget terhadap masalah perkembangan perilaku emosional anak usia pra sekolah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan menggunakan kuesioner tentang perilaku emosional anak diperoleh hasil uji validitas kuesioner pada rentang nilai r hasil 0,451 – 0,619 yang diuji pada 20 orang dengan nilai reliabilitas 0,9, sampel penelitian ini adalah anak usia pra sekolah di TK Dayyiinah Kids 1 yang berjumlah 75 orang. Hasil analisis data univariat pada data numerik disajikan dalam bentuk nilai mean diperoleh rata-rata usia anak adalah 4 tahun. Data kategorik dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi persentase (%) diperoleh mayoritas anak perempuan (53.3%), profesi orang tua adalah sebagai ibu rumah tangga (44%) dan pendidikan orang tua lulusan perguruan tinggi (50.67%). Penggunaan gadget lebih 1 jam sebanyak 56% anak dan anak yang mengalami gangguan perilaku emosional sebanyak 69%. Hasil analisa data bivariat menggunakan uji chi square diperoleh nilai p= 0,038 ( < α 0.05), yang artinya terdapat hubungan antara durasi penggunaan gadget terhadap masalah perkembangan perilaku emosional anak usia pra sekolah.
Perilaku Pencegahan ISPA di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bunut Kabupaten Pelalawan Zul Akbar; Reno Renaldi; Oktavia Dewi; Novita Rany; Abdurrahman Hamid
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 9 No 1 (2023): Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas (Inpress)
Publisher : LPPM Hang Tuah Pekanbaru

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25311/keskom.Vol9.Iss1.1127

Abstract

Acute Respiratory Infection (ISPA) is one of the most contagious diseases and the most common cause of death that occurs in children in developed countries. The mortality rate caused by ISPA is almost four million people every year, and 98% is caused by Acute Respiratory Infection. Pneumonia cases in 2018 decreased, in 2013 the percentage of pneumonia was 1.6% while in 2018 increased to 2.0%, and Bunut Public Health Center obtained an ISPA proportion from the year 2018 – 2020 amount of 16%. The purpose of this research was to find out the behavior of ISPA prevention in the work area of Bunut Public Health Center Pelalawan Regency. This research employed a quantitative research cross-sectional analytic approach. This research was conducted from August – September 2021. The respondents in this research were 70 respondents in the work area of Bunut Public Health Center Pelalawan Regency. This research employed univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. The research results that obtained p-value < 0.05 were such as immunization status variable (p=0.000) with POR = 32.763, occupation variable (p=0.024) with POR = 0.183, parents’ role variable (p = 0.032) with POR = 5.300 and not correlated variables namely attitude (p=0.917) with POR = 0.918, education (p=0.649) with POR = 1.403, smoking (p=0.299) with POR 0.649. Parents’ role is necessary for increasing awareness about the danger of ISPA and parents’ active role towards the infant and toddler health status and to give complete basic immunization to prevent ISPA even though the parents are busy working.
Pengaruh Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) Terhadap Tingkat Kelelahan Lansia Penyintas Covid 19 di Kota Pekanbaru Penelitian Dosen PemulaTahun ke 1 dari 1 Abdurrahman Hamid; Eka Wisanti; Awaliyah Ulfah Ayudytha Ezdha
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 9 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas
Publisher : LPPM Hang Tuah Pekanbaru

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25311/keskom.Vol9.Iss2.1340

Abstract

Introduction Fatigue is the most common symptom experienced by older adults COVID-19 survivors after fever and shortness of breath where the incidence is 30% of all older adults COVID-19 survivors. Treatment of older adults COVID-19 survivors requires an intervention that is able to accelerate the recovery of older adults from fatigue. The purpose of the study was to look at the effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation nursing interventions on fatigue in older adults COVID-19 survivors. Methods. this study used a quasi-experimental research design with the type of pretest and posttest without a control group. By using a sample calculation of the population hypothesis test, the minimum sample size is 40 older adults. In this study, the sampling method used was multistage random sampling. The study was conducted in June-August 2022. Bivariate analysis using Paired T-Test. Results/findings The results of the study found that there was an effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Nursing Intervention on the fatigue level of the older adults COVID-19 survivors at Pekanbaru with a p-value of 0.001 (<0.05). This can be seen from the changes in the level of fatigue before and after the intervention. If the PMR therapy is associated with fatigue, that is, when doing this therapy, the production of endorphins, enkephalins, and serotonin releases the hormones, which will then lead to a feeling of calm and relaxation. In conclusion, this PMR Nursing Intervention can be used as an alternative form of nursing intervention to overcome fatigue problems in older adults and can be carried out by nurses in primary health care.
PENGETAHUAN DAN KEPATUHAN ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DALAM PENERAPAN PROTOKOL KESEHATAN PADA SAAT PEMBELAJARAN TATAP MUKA TERBATAS Yunita Sari; Abdurrahman Hamid; Maria Ulfah
Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 14 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan (STIKes) Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38165/jk.v14i2.372

Abstract

Kepatuhan menerapkan protocol kesehatan selama pandemi Covid-19 menjadi hal yang penting untuk membantu mencegah transmisi virus. Butuh peran serta dan dukungan dari berbagai lapisan masyarakat, tidak hanya kelompok dewasa melainkan juga kelompok anak usia sekolah. Mengingat anak usia sekolah (AUS) merupakan kelompok yang berisiko, pemberlakuan pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas akan meningkatkan status AUS menjadi kelompok rentan. Sejak ditetapkannya pemberlakuan pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas sejak Maret 2021 terdapat sebanyak 1.300 klaster sekolah  dengan sebanyak 15 ribu anak terpapar Covid-19 selama masa PTM. Kasus klaster sekolah paling banyak terjadi di jenjang Sekolah Dasar dan TK/PAUD. Sehingga perlu dilakukan identifikasi tingkat kepatuhan anak usia sekolah dalam menerapkan protocol kesehatan untuk mencegah penularan Covid-19 di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan AUS dalam menerapkan protocol kesehatan selama pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas. Merupakan penelitian korelasi dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan melibatkan sampel sebanyak 71 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah instrument tentang pengetahuan dan kepatuhan AUS dalam menerapkan protocol kesehatan yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti dan dilakukan uji validitas serta reliabilitas. Data dianalisis secara bivariat dengan menggunakan spearman rho untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa p value 0,034 (p<0,05) yang berarti ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan AUS dalam menerapkan protocol kesehatan selama pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya menekankan kedisiplinan dalam penerapan protocol kesehatan bagi AUS untuk dapat mencegah penyebaran Covid-19 yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik AUS.Kata kunci: kepatuhan anak usia sekolah; pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas; pengetahuan; protocol kesehatanAbstract Compliance with implementing health protocols during the Covid-19 pandemic is important to help prevent virus transmission. It requires participation and support from various levels of society, not only the adult group but also the group of school-age children. Considering that school-age children (AUS) are a group at risk, the implementation of limited face-to-face learning will increase the status of AUS to a vulnerable group. Since the enactment of limited face-to-face learning in March 2021, there have been 1,300 school clusters with as many as 15 thousand children exposed to Covid-19 during the PTM period. Most cases of school clusters occur at the elementary school and kindergarten/PAUD levels. So it is necessary to identify the level of compliance of school-age children in implementing health protocols to prevent transmission of Covid-19 in schools. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and AUS compliance in implementing health protocols during limited face-to-face learning. This is a correlation study with a cross-sectional design involving a sample of 71 students. The results show that there is a relationship between knowledge and AUS compliance in implementing health protocols during limited face-to-face learning. The conclusion from this study is the importance of emphasizing discipline in implementing health protocols for AUS to be able to prevent the transmission of Covid-19 which is adjusted to the characteristics of AUS.Keywords: knowledge; compliance of school-age children; health protocols; limited face-to-face learning 
Pengaruh Edukasi Kesehatan Berbasis Flyer Terhadap Pengetahuan Risiko Diabetes Pada Remaja di SMA Negeri 9 Pekanbaru Putri Arini Hidayah; Abdurrahman Hamid; Mike Ayu Wulandari; Eka Wisanti; Raju Nitrigo
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 12 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas
Publisher : Universitas Hang Tuah Pekanbaru

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25311/keskom.Vol12.Iss1.2359

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus now affects not only adults but also adolescents due to unhealthy eating habits and low understanding of sugar consumption and diabetes-triggering foods, which increase the risk of degenerative diseases from a young age. This study aims to analyze the effect of health education using flyers on diabetes risk knowledge in adolescents. Conducted at SMA Negeri 9 Pekanbaru with a pre-experimental one group pretest–posttest design, involving 34 adolescents in grades 10, 11, and 12 selected through stratified random sampling. Inclusion criteria were active students who were willing to participate in the study, while exclusion criteria were students who did not complete all interventions. The research instruments were a diabetes risk knowledge questionnaire and flyer educational media. Data were collected through a pre-test before the intervention and a post-test after the education was provided, then analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed an average pre-test of 11.00 and a post-test of 16.00. The Wilcoxon test results showed p = 0.001, which indicated a significant increase in adolescents' knowledge about diabetes risks. The novelty of this research lies in the effectiveness of simple and low-cost educational media to improve adolescent health understanding, as well as scientifically contributing as empirical evidence for the development of school-based preventive health promotion strategies for early prevention of diabetes.
Analysis of Nursing Care for the Elderly Using Benson Relaxation Therapy to Lower Blood Pressure Mifta Rilli Adzkia Adzkia; Siska Mayang Sari; Abdurrahman Hamid; Yumiati
Journal of Health Empowerment and Interprofessional Practice Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Forthcoming Issue May 2026
Publisher : CV Media Inti Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58723/jheip.v2i2.77

Abstract

Hypertension is a condition in which a person experiences an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure beyond normal limits. One of the main problems with hypertension is the increase in blood pressure. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hypertension reaches 25%, increasing sharply in the elderly: 45.3% (45-54 years), 55.2% (55-64 years), 63.2% (65-74 years), and 69.5% (75+ years). In 2024, at the Khusnul Khotimah Social Services Unit, out of 90 elderly people, 46 people experienced hypertension as the number one disease. Non-pharmacological blood pressure management can be done by applying Benson relaxation therapy. This scientific paper aims to analyze nursing care for Mrs. N and Mr. H and evaluate the application of Benson relaxation therapy in reducing blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension at the Husnul Khotimah Social Services Unit, Riau Province Social Services correctly, appropriately and in accordance with professional nursing standards. This application uses a one-group pretest-posttest design with 2 subjects. The research instrument uses an observation sheet. The intervention was administered from November 29 to December 1, 2025. This intervention was carried out for 15 minutes for 3 consecutive days, morning and afternoon. The results of blood pressure for 3 days with an average systolic value before therapy was 148.75 and a diastolic value of 94.17 after therapy, the average systolic value was 144.33 and a diastolic value of 90.75. Meanwhile, the average decrease in blood pressure for 3 days was a systolic of 4.42 and a diastolic of 3.42. The results of Benson relaxation therapy have been proven to reduce blood pressure. It is hoped that this scientific paper report can be used as a guide in providing nursing care, especially the application of Benson relaxation interventions.
PKM Upaya Peningkatan Kesehatan Lansia dan Manajemen Administrasi Berbasis Teknologi Informasi Pada Bina Keluarga Lansia (BKL) Kampung KB Mekar Wangi Pekanbaru Yesica Devis; Yuda Irawan; Abdurrahman Hamid
Community Engagement and Emergence Journal (CEEJ) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Community Engagement & Emergence Journal (CEEJ)
Publisher : Yayasan Riset dan Pengembangan Intelektual

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37385/ceej.v4i2.3220

Abstract

Bina Keluarga Lansia (BKL) Kampung KB Mekar Wangi Pekanbaru merupakan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan secara berkelompok dan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan jangkauan pelayanan kesehatan lansia di masyarakat sehingga terbentuk pelayanan kesehatan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan lansia di Kampung KB Mekar Wangi Kelurahan Tangkerang Barat Pekanbaru yang menjadi mitra dalam kegiatan PKM ini. Salah satu permasalahan yang sangat mendasar pada lansia adalah masalah kesehatan, sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan kesehatan kelompok lansia. Kader pada BKL Mekar Wangi berjumlah 22 orang dan memiliki pendidikan rata-rata SMA kebawah. Adapun 3 permasalahan prioritas yang dihadapi oleh mitra yaitu: 1) Minimnya pengetahuan kader tentang kesehatan lansia; 2) Pencatatan administrasi BKL masih dilakukan secara manual; dan 3) Minimnya peralatan kesehatan bagi BKL. Tujuan dari kegiatan PKM ini adalah untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan pada mitra Bina Keluarga Lansia Kampung KB Mekar Wangi yaitu upaya meningkatkan kesehatan lansia melalui pelatihan dan penyuluhan kepada kader lansia, penyuluhan kepada lansia, pengadaan peralatan pendukung kesehatan, dan perancangan sistem informasi untuk manajemen administrasi secara terkomputerisasi. Beberapa kegiatan yang telah selesai dilaksanakan pada kegiatan pengabdian yaitu perancangan aplikasi bina keluarga lansia, penyuluhan peningkatan pengetahuan para kader bina keluarga lansia, pelatihan penggunaan peralatan Kesehatan lansia, dan penyuluhan pentingnya posyandu lansia. Hasil dari evaluasi kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa tercapainya peningkatan kesehatan mitra, meningkatnya pelayanan mitra, dan meningkatnya pengetahuan mitra.
Kajian Kesiapan Penerapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja di Puskesmas Bagan Punak Kabupaten Rokan Hilir Provinsi Riau Rina Gustina Sari; Tin Gustina; Endang Purnawati Rahayu; Herniwanti Herniwanti; Abdurrahman Hamid
Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat : Media Komunikasi Komunitas Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 14 No 4 (2022): JIKM Vol. 14, Edisi 4, November 2022
Publisher : Public Health Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52022/jikm.v14i4.347

Abstract

Abstrak Latar Belakang :. Dalam penerapan Keselamatan Kesehatan dan Kerja (K3), dibutuhkan beberapa faktor yang perlu dipenuhi seperti unsur internal dan eksternal penerapan K3. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis kesiapan penerapan K3 di Puskesmas Bagan Punak Kecamatan Bangko, Kabupaten Rokan Hilir Provinsi Riau. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi dan telaah dokumen. Informan utama dalam penelitian ini sebanyak tiga orang yang terdiri dari Kepala Puskesmas, Dokter penanggung jawab terhadap K3 dan Pegawai Puskesmas, sedangkan informan pendukung sebanyak dua orang yang terdiri dari Kepala Dinas Kesehatan dan Penanggung Jawab Program K3. Analisis kesiapan penerapan K3 di Puskesmas Bagan Punak ditinjau dari aspek internal dan eksternal. Hasil: Kendala internal berupa belum adanya sumber daya kesehatan yang berlatar belakang pendidikan K3, tidak adanya rancangan dana untuk penerapan K3, kurangnya ketersediaan peralatan yang sesuai dengan peraturan pemerintah, serta kurangnya tenaga kesehatan dalam memahami buku pedoman yang telah dirancang. Kendala di eksternalnya adalah belum diterapkannya kebijakan yang harus diikuti dan kurangnya monitoring dari pihak dinas kesehatan ke puskesmas setelah dilaksanakan pelatihan untuk tenaga Kesehatan di puskesmas khususnya kepada petugas penanggung jawab K3. Kesimpulan: Disarankan kepada Puskesmas Bagan Punak adalah mengusulkan tenaga yang akan menjadi penanggung jawab K3 dan dibentuknya Tim K3 di Fasyankes, berkoordinasi dengan Dinas Kesehatan, menambah ketersediaan alat K3, dan menetapkan kebijakan penerapan K3 di puskesmas. Study of The Readiness Assessment For Occupational Health and Safety Implementation at Bagan Punak Health Center Rohil District Riau Province Abstract Background: In the implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (K3), several factors are needed that need to be fulfilled, such as the internal and external elements of the application of K3. The purpose of this study was to analyze the readiness for the application of K3 at the Bagan Punak Health Center, Bangko District, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province. Methods: This study uses qualitative methods through in-depth interviews, observation and document review. The main informants in this study were three people consisting of the Head of the Health Center, the Doctor in charge of K3 and Health Center employees, while the supporting informants were two people consisting of the Head of the Health Service and the Person in Charge of the K3 Program. Analysis of readiness for the application of K3 at the Bagan Punak Health Center in terms of internal and external aspects. Result: Internal constraints in the form of the absence of health resources with an OHS educational background, the absence of a design fund for the implementation of K3, the lack of availability of equipment in accordance with government regulations, and the lack of health workers in understanding the designed guidebook. Meanwhile, the external constraints are that the policies that must be followed have not been implemented and the lack of monitoring from the health office to the puskesmas after training for health workers at the puskesmas, especially the officers in charge of K3. Conclusion: Suggested to the Bagan Punak Health Center are proposing personnel who will be in charge of K3 and the formation of an K3 Team at the Health Facilities, coordinating with the Health Office, increasing the availability of K3 equipment, and establishing policies for implementing K3 at the puskesmas.
Pengaruh Edukasi Kesehatan Dalam Menghadapi Bencana Kebakaran Dengan Menggunakan Media Audiovisual Terhadap Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Di Permukiman Padat Penduduk Dhea Naury Hasri; T. Abdur Rasyid; Abdurrahman Hamid; Susi Erianti; Siska Mayang Sari
Borneo Nursing Journal (BNJ) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Akademi Keperawatan Yarsi Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Kebakaran merupakan bencana yang sering terjadi di permukiman padat penduduk dan memerlukan tingkat kesiapsiagaan masyarakat yang optimal. Edukasi kesehatan berbasis media audiovisual dinilai memiliki potensi lebih efektif dibandingkan metode konvensional dalam meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesiapsiagaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh edukasi kesehatan menggunakan media audiovisual terhadap kesiapsiagaan masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana kebakaran. Penelitian menggunakan desain quasi-eksperimental dengan rancangan pretest–posttest with control group. Sampel berjumlah 54 responden yang dibagi menjadi kelompok intervensi dan kontrol, masing-masing 27 responden, dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Pengukuran kesiapsiagaan dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner kesiapsiagaan bencana kebakaran yang dikembangkan oleh Hilda Amalia. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test dan Mann– Whitney U Test. Hasil menunjukkan median skor kesiapsiagaan pada kelompok intervensi meningkat signifikan dari 15,00 menjadi 24,00 (p=0,000), sedangkan kelompok kontrol mengalami peningkatan terbatas dari 16,00 menjadi 17,00 (p=0,003). Uji Mann–Whitney pada skor posttest menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok (p=0,000). Temuan ini membuktikan bahwa edukasi kesehatan berbasis media audiovisual berpengaruh signifikan dalam meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat menghadapi bencana kebakaran. Media audiovisual direkomendasikan sebagai metode edukasi yang dapat diimplementasikan oleh petugas pemadam kebakaran dalam kegiatan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat guna meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan dan upaya pencegahan kebakaran di lingkungan permukiman.