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Optimasi Produksi Badan Buah Tiga Jenis Jamur Kayu dengan Inovasi Perlakuan pada Waktu Inkubasi dan Jumlah Penyobekan pada Baglog Denny Irawati; Naresvara Nircela P Nircela P; Febe Margareta RM; J.P. Gentur Sutapa Gentur Sutapa
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 13, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Di Indonesia permintaan jamur konsumsi, baik yang untuk obat maupun bahan makanan, terus meningkat. Akselerasi produksi perlu dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama waktu inkubasi dan banyaknya jumlah penyobekan baglog terhadap produktivitas 3 jenis jamur konsumsi yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Sampel baglog pada penelitian ini diperoleh dari petani jamur Sedyo Lestari, Bantul. Selanjutnya pada baglog tersebut diinokulasikan 3 jenis jamur yaitu Auricularia sp. (jamur kuping), Pleurotus sp. (jamur tiram), dan Ganoderma sp. (jamur lingzhi). Setelah inokulasi, media diinkubasi selama 30, 40, dan 50 hari, untuk selanjutnya dibudidayakan selama 60 hari. Pada akhir masa inkubasi dilakukan pengukuran kadar glukosamin dan penyobekan baglog pada 1 atau 2 ujung untuk memicu munculnya badan buah. Selama periode pembudidayaan, dilakukan pemanenan badan buah dan diukur produktivitas badan buah serta intensitas pemanenan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lama waktu inkubasi dan jumlah sobekan pada baglog memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap setiap jenis jamur. Lama waktu inkubasi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produktivitas badan buah dan nilai konversi biologi pada jamur tiram dan kuping, namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap jamur lingzhi. Lama waktu inkubasi terbaik untuk jamur lingzhi adalah 40 hari. Jumlah sobekan pada baglog tidak memberi pengaruh terhadap produktivitas jamur tiram dan kuping, akan tetapi berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas jamur lingzhi dan intensitas pemanenan jamur kuping. Optimization of Fruiting Body Production of Three Kinds Edible Mushrooms Species by Innovate the Incubation Time and Number of Rips on Baglog AbstractIn Indonesia the demand for edible mushroom, both for medicine and food, continues to increase. Production acceleration is needed to meet the market needs. This study aims to determine the effect of the incubation time and the number of rips on baglog to the productivity of 3 species of edible mushrooms that are widely cultivated in Indonesia. The baglog as sample in this study was obtained from Sedyo Lestari mushroom farmer in Bantul. The baglog was inoculated by 3 kinds of mushroom of Auricularia sp. (ear fungus), Pleurotus sp. (oyster mushroom), and Ganoderma sp. (lingzhi mushroom). After inoculation, the medium was incubated for 30, 40, and 50 days, for subsequent cultivation for 60 days. At the end of the incubation period, the glucosamine content was analysed and the baglog was teared at 1 or 2 ends to trigger the appearance of the fruiting body. During the cultivation period, the fruiting bodies were harvested and the productivity of the fruiting body and the harvesting intensity were measured. The results showed that the incubation time and the amount of rips on the baglog gave a different effect on each mushroom species. The duration of incubation time had no significant effect on fruiting body productivity and biological conversion on oyster and ear mushrooms.However, it had a significant effect on Lingzhi mushroom. The best time of incubation for Lingzhi mushroom was 40 days. The amount of rips on the baglog did not give effect to the productivity of oyster and ear mushrooms, but it affected the productivity of Lingzhi mushroom and the harvesting intensity of ear mushroom.

Pengaruh Ukuran Serbuk dan Penambahan Tempurung Kelapa Terhadap Kualitas Pelet Kayu Sengon Anindya Husnul Hasna; J. P. Gentur Sutapa; Denny Irawati
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 13, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Limbah industri kayu sengon menjadi salah satu bahan baku dalam pembuatan pelet kayu karena potensinya yang cukup besar. Akan tetapi pelet kayu sengon memiliki kerapatan serta nilai kalor yang rendah. Untuk meningkatkan sifat bahan bakar pelet kayu Sengon maka dilakukan pencampuran bahan dengan serbuk tempurung kelapa. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan dari limbah serbuk gergaji sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.)) dan limbah tempurung kelapa (Cocos nucifera). Masing-masing bahan dibuat partikel pada 3 kelompok ukuran yaitu 20-40 mesh, 40-60 mesh, dan 60-80 mesh. Ke dalam serbuk kayu sengon ditambahkan serbuk tempurung kelapa dengan penambahan 25%, 50%, dan 75%, sedangkan untuk kontrol (0%) adalah pelet kayu sengon tanpa penambahan tempurung kelapa. Pelet dibuat dengan menggunakan single-pelletizer pada suhu ruang dengan tekanan 100 kg/cm2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi bahan baku yang berbeda (sengon dan tempurung kelapa) memberikan pengaruh terhadap sifat fisika dan kimia pelet kayu. Semakin tinggi persentase campuran serbuk tempurung kelapa pada pelet kayu sengon maka semakin tinggi keteguhan tekan, karbon terikat, total karbon dan nilai kalor, sedangkan untuk kadar zat mudah menguap, kadar abu, kadar N, S, dan H semakin rendah. Pelet terbaik dihasilkan pada kombinasi penambahan tempurung kelapa 50% dengan ukuran 60-80 mesh yang memiliki sifat kadar abu yang rendah (0,79%) dan nilai kalor yang tinggi (5129,07 Kal/g), serta keteguhan tekan yang masih cukup tinggi (444,75N). Hasil tersebut memenuhi standar SNI 8021:2014.Effect of Particle Size and Addition of Coconut Cell on the Quality of Sengon Wood PelletAbstractThe waste of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) industry becomes one of the raw materials in the manufactured of wood pellets, because of its potency. However F. moluccana pellets posses low density and calorific value. To improve its properties, a materials mixing with coconut shell parcticles was conducted. This study used material from the waste of sengon (F. moluccana) sawdust and the waste of coconut (Cocos nucifera). Particles from those materials were made on 3 sizes which are 20-40 mesh, 40-60 mesh, and 60-80 mesh. 25%, 50%, and 75% of coconut shell were added into sengon sawdust, while woode pellets with no additions were used as a control. Pellets are made using single-pelletizer at room temperature with a pressure of 100 kg/cm2. The research results showed if the different material combination (sengon and coconut shell) gave significant effect to physical properties and chemical content of wood pellets. Higher percentage of coconut shell gives higher compressive strength, fixed carbon content, total of carbon, and calorific value, while volatile matter, ash content, N, S, and H content showed lower value. The best pellet was resulted from combination between coconut shell addition 50% and nesh size 60 – 80 which posses quite low ash content (0.79%) and high calorific value (5129.07 Kal/g), and high compression strength (444.75 N). This result has qualified the standard of SNI 8021:2014.

Kadar Ekstraktif dan Sifat Warna Kayu Jati Plus Perhutani Umur 11 Tahun dari KPH Ngawi Zulkahfi Zulkahfi; Denny Irawati; Tomy Listyanto; Dian Rodiana; Ganis Lukmandaru
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 14, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Pemanfaatan kayu jati dari pohon umur muda meningkat disebabkan adanya kesenjangan permintaan dengan ketersediaan kayu. Perhutani menanam pohon Jati Plus Perhutani (JPP) dengan karakteristik cepat tumbuh untuk meningkatkan produksi kayu jati. Pembiakan secara vegetatif ini diduga bisa berpengaruh terhadap sifat-sifat kayu. Kadar ekstraktif menjadi penting mengingat hubungannya dengan keawetan alami kayu dan sifat warna kayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi kadar ekstraktif dan warna pada arah radial dan longitudinal kayu JPP. Sampel kayu diambil dari tiga pohon JPP berumur 11 tahun di KPH Ngawi. Faktor yang diamati terdiri dari arah longitudinal (pangkal, tengah, ujung); dan radial (gubal, teras terluar, teras terdalam). Kayu diekstrak secara berurutan dengan pelarut toluena, etanol, air panas pada alat soklet. Kadar fenolat total diuji dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu untuk ekstrak toluena. Pengukuran sifat warna menggunakan sistem CIEL*a*b*. Hasil menunjukkan bagian pangkal memiliki kadar ekstrak terlarut etanol tertinggi, tetapi memiliki kadar fenolat total relatif rendah. Nilai kecerahan (L*) lebih tinggi di bagian ujung dibandingkan dengan bagian tengah dan pangkal sedangkan nilai kemerahan (a*) relatif tinggi di bagian pangkal. Secara nyata, ekstrak terlarut toluena, ekstrak terlarut etanol, dan kadar fenolat total di bagian gubal berbeda nyata dengan bagian teras dan terdapat perbedaan antara teras terluar dan teras terdalam pada kadar esktraktif terlarut toluena dan kadar ekstraktif terlarut etanol. Berdasarkan variasi radial, warna lebih gelap di bagian teras terluar dibandingkan bagian lainnya. Kadar ekstraktif terlarut air panas memiliki hubungan yang nyata (r = -0,72) dengan nilai L* di bagian gubal. Pada bagian teras, nilai L* memiliki hubungan negatif dengan kadar ekstrak terlarut etanol (r = -0,70), kadar ekstraktif terlarut air panas (r = -0,52), dan kadar ekstraktif total (r = -0,78). Secara nyata, nilai a* memiliki hubungan negatif (r = -0,58) dengan kadar fenolat total. Relatif rendahnya kadar ekstraktif dibandingkan umur dewasa serta tidak seragamnya sifat warna pada arah longitudinal perlu menjadi perhatian dalam pemanfaatan kayu JPP umur muda. Extractives Content and Colour Properties of 11-year-old Perhutani Superior Teakwood from Ngawi Forest Management UnitAbstractThe utilization of young teak wood had increased due to the gap in demand and the supply of raw materials. To meet the high demand, Perhutani had planted the fast growing of superior teakwood (Jati Plus Perhutani/JPP). This vegetative reproduction may affect the wood properties. Extractive content is important considering its relationship with the natural durability of wood and colour properties. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of radial and longitudinal directions on extractives content and colour properties from JPP. The JPP wood samples (11 years) were located in Ngawi Forest Management Unit. The observed factors were vertical (bottom, center, top) and radial (sapwood, outer heartwood, inner heartwood) directions. Wood extracts were obtained by successive extraction (toluene, ethanol, and hot water) in a soxhlet. Total phenolic content was also determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method in toluene soluble extract. Colour properties were determined by CIEL*a*b* system. The result showed that vertical direction had significant effect as the bottom part showed the highest value in ethanol extract content but it had lower value in total phenolic content. Brightness (L*) value was comparatively high at the top part, while redness (a*) value was high at the bottom part. The levels of toluene, ethanol, and total extract content had a significant different between sapwood and heartwood as well as between outer heartwood and inner heartwood. Based on radial direction, the colour was darker in outer heartwood compared to the other parts. The correlation degree between the values of hot water extract and L* was significant (r = -0.72) in sapwood part. In heartwood, the correlation between ethanol, hot water, and total extract contentwith L* values were negative (r = -0.70; -0.52; -0.78, respectively). The correlation between a* value and total phenolic content was moderately significant (r = -0.58). The comparatively low content of extractive compared to mature woods as well as inhomogeneity of colour properties in vertical position should be noticed for young JPP wood utilization.

Karakteristik Energi Limbah Tebangan Jati Klonal dari Paliyan-Gunungkidul Denny Irawati; Aditya Nur Cahyo; Yusi Dian; Joko Sulistyo; Sigit Sunarta; Rini Pujiarti; Ganis Lukmandaru; Johanes Pramana Gentur Sutapa
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 17 No 2 (2023): September
Publisher : Faculty of Forestry Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jik.v17i2.6852

Breeding teak with a clonal system was a common practice to enhance productivity and reduce rotation. A private company in Paliyan Sub-District, Gunungkidul Regency, Indonesia, developed Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) through vegetative propagation, particularly cloning, using cuttings. JUN had gained widespread popularity as a replacement for conventional teak varieties for commercial purposes. The utilization of JUN commercial timber left various non-commercial biomass forms, such as leaves, branches, and twigs. This research aimed to assess JUN logging waste biomass's energy potential and characteristics across different tree-age stands. This research used non-commercial biomass from six- and eight-year-old trees, including branches, twigs, leaves, stumps, and unmerchantable top stems. The results showed that the average dry weight of JUN logging waste from six- and eight-year-old trees was 31.5 and 53.5 kg/tree, while the calorific value ranged from 4516.4–5177.7 cal/g. This waste had good characteristics as an energy material, specifically from the part of unmerchantable top stems with a high fuelwood value indexof 6579.6.

Chemical Properties of “Jati Unggul Nusantara” Teak Wood from Gunungkidul Lukmandaru, Ganis; Pratama, Ardhan Wira; Sutapa, Johanes Pramana Gentur; Sunarta, Sigit; Irawati, Denny; Pujiarti, Rini; Arisandi, Rizki
Wood Research Journal Vol 15, No 1 (2024): WOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2024.15.1.8-14

Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) trees show a fast-growing characteristic and a possibility to be harvested in short rotation. This study aims to determine the chemical properties of 8-year-old JUN tree parts. Three individual trees were felled from Paliyan, Gunungkidu, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The tree parts were observed vertically (i.e., the bottom, center, top, branches, and twigs) and radially (i.e., sapwood and heartwood of the trunk). The result showed that the average content of cell wall components of extractive-free wood, i.e., hemicellulose, α-cellulose, and lignin, were 20.38~25.71%, 41.88~49.10%, and 26.46~29.85%, respectively. Furthermore, successive extractive measurements showed that ethanol-toluene and hot-water soluble extracts (based on dry wood) were at the levels of 3.01~7.58% and 1.85~3.09%, respectively. The ash content, silica content, and pH values were 0.48~0.82%, 0.13~0.37%, and 5.89~7.51%, respectively. By an analysis of variance, significant differences between the sapwood and the heartwood were observed in ethanol-toluene extractive, lignin, holocellulose, and cellulose contents. The differences among tree parts did not show any significant effect on the hot-water soluble content. Significant differences between the main stem and branches or between the main stem and twigs were observed in most chemical properties.

Chemical Properties of “Jati Unggul Nusantara” Teak Wood from Gunungkidul Lukmandaru, Ganis; Pratama, Ardhan Wira; Sutapa, Johanes Pramana Gentur; Sunarta, Sigit; Irawati, Denny; Pujiarti, Rini; Arisandi, Rizki
Wood Research Journal Vol 15, No 1 (2024): WOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2024.15.1.8-14

Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) trees show a fast-growing characteristic and a possibility to be harvested in short rotation. This study aims to determine the chemical properties of 8-year-old JUN tree parts. Three individual trees were felled from Paliyan, Gunungkidu, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The tree parts were observed vertically (i.e., the bottom, center, top, branches, and twigs) and radially (i.e., sapwood and heartwood of the trunk). The result showed that the average content of cell wall components of extractive-free wood, i.e., hemicellulose, α-cellulose, and lignin, were 20.38~25.71%, 41.88~49.10%, and 26.46~29.85%, respectively. Furthermore, successive extractive measurements showed that ethanol-toluene and hot-water soluble extracts (based on dry wood) were at the levels of 3.01~7.58% and 1.85~3.09%, respectively. The ash content, silica content, and pH values were 0.48~0.82%, 0.13~0.37%, and 5.89~7.51%, respectively. By an analysis of variance, significant differences between the sapwood and the heartwood were observed in ethanol-toluene extractive, lignin, holocellulose, and cellulose contents. The differences among tree parts did not show any significant effect on the hot-water soluble content. Significant differences between the main stem and branches or between the main stem and twigs were observed in most chemical properties.

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