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Comparative Analysis of Breakdown Voltage, Temperature Rise, and Production Cost of Using Mineral Oil and Synthetic Ester in 33 MVA 132/33 kV Power Transformers Khusuma, AB Rendra; Indarto, Agus; Hudaya, Chairul; Setiabudy, Rudy; Husnayain, Faiz
International Journal of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62146/ijecbe.v3i2.139

Abstract

In support of achieving the net zero emission target in the power sector, the selection of environmentally friendly transformer insulating oil is very important. This study presents a comparative analysis of the dielectric and thermal performance between mineral oil and synthetic ester oil. The breakdown voltage (BDV) test was conducted with a variation of rest time of 1 minute and 10 minutes. In addition, temperature rise tests were conducted on a 33 MVA capacity power transformer with a voltage of 132/33 kV. Temperature rise testing is carried out on synthetic ester oil and mineral oil through thermal simulation with identical transformer specifications, the goal is that there are no distinguishing variables in the test. The test results show that at a rest time of 1 minute, synthetic ester oil produces fluctuating BDV values, with some data being below the minimum threshold of 60 kV according to IEC 61203 standards. In contrast, mineral oil (MO) showed stable and consistent dielectric performance. At a rest time of 10 minutes, both types of oil showed stable BDV values with low standard deviations. In terms of thermal performance, mineral oil produced a lower temperature rise than synthetic ester oil (SE), indicating better cooling efficiency. The study will also analyze the impact of transformer dimensions due to the different transformer oils used, which will result in the price of the transformer. The findings provide technical insights for manufacturers and users in selecting transformer oils that support environmental sustainability without compromising the reliability of power transformers.
Impact of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Program on Non-Technical Losses at Distribution System Sinurat, David Daniel Christianto; Husnayain, Faiz
International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS) Vol 6, No 2 (2025): IJCIS : Vol 6 - Issue 2 - 2025
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bisnis AAS Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The implementation of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is a strategic initiative by PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Bandengan to support digital transformation and enhance efficiency in the electricity distribution system, particularly in reducing non-technical Losses. This study aims to evaluate the impact of AMI implementation on improving meter reading accuracy, managing customer arrears, and detecting electricity misuse. The deployed AMI system includes 142,083 single-phase and 10,278 three-phase smart meters, with connectivity rates to the Meter Data Management System (MDMS) reaching 99.36% and 99.60%, respectively. A total of 1,190 Data Concentrator Units (DCUs) have been installed to enable automatic meter reading, achieving a success rate of 96.65%. Remote disconnection and reconnection processes via MDMS recorded success rates of 97.14% and 98.65%, respectively, while anomaly current detection—used as an indicator of energy misuse—achieved an effectiveness rate of 23.87%. The findings show that AMI implementation resulted in operational cost savings of IDR 245,792,276 in manual meter reading and IDR 7,807,696,000 in arrears-related disconnections. These results highlight the significant contribution of AMI in promoting a transparent, efficient, and reliable electricity distribution system.
Optimizing Capacity of a Hybrid Diesel-Solar PV-BESS on Nusa Penida Island Using a Load Following Approach Enggar Bowo Suasono, Oktavianus; Husnayain, Faiz
International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS) Vol 6, No 2 (2025): IJCIS : Vol 6 - Issue 2 - 2025
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bisnis AAS Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29040/ijcis.v6i2.241

Abstract

Indonesia, as the world's largest archipelagic country, faces substantial challenges in achieving equitable energy access, particularly in remote regions. These areas are predominantly reliant on Diesel Power Plants (PLTD), which result in high operational costs, logistical complexities in fuel supply, and considerable carbon emissions. Despite these limitations, remote regions possess abundant renewable energy resources, particularly solar energy. However, the intermittency of solar generation due to weather fluctuations hampers its reliability as a primary energy source. To address these challenges, this study proposes the implementation of a hybrid energy system integrating Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), supported by a load-following dispatch strategy and optimal capacity planning. The objective is to improve both the reliability and efficiency of the local power system. The study was conducted on Nusa Penida Island, specifically at the 20 kV Kutampi Substation, which is interconnected with the existing diesel power infrastructure. The methodology encompasses a comprehensive literature review, secondary data acquisition, manual system sizing, and simulation-based analysis. PV capacity potential was assessed using PVSyst software, while power flow and voltage simulations were performed for three operational scenarios: (i) existing diesel-only configuration (baseline), (ii) hybrid Diesel-PV-BESS configuration, and (iii) PV-BESS configuration without diesel generators. Power system simulations were carried out using a computer-based electrical analysis platform to evaluate the technical impact of integrating renewable energy into the local grid. Simulation results demonstrate that the integration of PV and BESS enhances voltage stability and ensures a more reliable energy supply. Furthermore, techno-economic analysis reveals that the hybrid Diesel-PV-BESS configuration yields the most favourable outcome, achieving a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of IDR 3,088 per kWh. These findings underscore the potential of hybrid renewable energy systems as a viable solution for sustainable energy development in remote island regions.
Estimasi Tingkat Penetrasi Fotovoltaik Atap pada Jaringan Distribusi Tenaga Listrik yang Terkendala Kualitas Daya: Studi Kasus di Feeder Salodong Muhammadia, Khayrunnisa B; Jufri, Fauzan Hanif; Husnayain, Faiz
Journal of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline
Publisher : Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jatm.v4i1.71674

Abstract

The growth of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems in Indonesia has increased rapidly as part of the national effort to develop decentralized renewable energy. PT PLN (Persero) North Makassar Customer Service Unit, with a total of 409,025 customers and an installed capacity of 1,332 MVA, has integrated seven rooftop photovoltaic customers with a total capacity of 419.5 kilowatt peak (kWp). The main challenge of integrating rooftop photovoltaics is the system's ability to channel solar energy while maintaining service and operational standards. This research investigates the impact of rooftop PV penetration on power quality parameters, including voltage fluctuations, harmonics, and distribution system reliability in one of the feeders of the PLN North Makassar area. The Salodong feeder, in particular, consists of 137 transformers with a total capacity of 32.9 MVA, serving customers from various tariff groups, including industry, business, social, and residential. The impact of rooftop photovoltaic penetration on the distribution system is evaluated by analyzing various levels of rooftop photovoltaic penetration. Additionally, this study also proposes strategic recommendations that can be implemented to optimize rooftop photovoltaic penetration. The findings highlight a critical penetration threshold, which, if exceeded, will affect power quality limits and propose mitigation strategies to avoid excessive reverse power, high harmonics, and voltage fluctuations. An optimal rooftop photovoltaic penetration level of approximately 30% is recommended, serving as a reference for the PT PLN (Persero) network planning team to enhance PV integration while maintaining system performance.
Analisa Keekonomian Penggunaan PKS 100 Persen Pada PLTU Tipe Boiler CFB Arsyad, Masrajuddin; Sudiarto, Budi; Husnayain, Faiz
Electrices Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32722/ees.v7i1.7484

Abstract

Untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap bahan bakar fosil dan memaksimalkan pemanfaatan energi terbarukan. Cangkang sawit (palm kernel shell/PKS) merupakan salah satu alternatif yang potensial sebagai bahan bakar pada PLTU. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisa keekonomian penggunaan 100 persen PKS sebagai bahan bakar pada PLTU tipe boiler circulation fluidized bed (CFB). Penelitian ini dilakukan di PLTU unit 2 PT. XYZ yang berlokasi di Provinsi Banten. Parameter yang diukur adalah specific fuel consumption (SFC) dan biaya produksi listrik yang hanya berdasarkan pada perhitungan biaya bahan bakar dengan penambahan biaya pajak karbon dengan 3 skema. Skema 1 yaitu perhitungan biaya listrik dengan penambahan biaya pajak karbon rata-rata global, skema 2 dengan penambahan biaya pajak karbon rata-rata negara Asia dan skema 3 dengan penambahan biaya pajak karbon berdasarkan UU No. 7 Tahun 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada saat penggunaan PKS, SFC meningkat sebesar 12,96 persen. Perhitungan biaya bahan bakar pada skema 1, penggunaan PKS lebih murah 58,97 persen. Pada skema 2 lebih mahal 29,03 persen dan skema 3 lebih mahal 30,42 persen. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan 100 persen PKS sebagai pengganti batubara dapat dilakukan dengan catatan cukup tersedianya PKS dan disertai penerapan biaya pajak karbon yang sesuai.
Analysis of Single Phase to Ground Faults Caused by Animals on Energy Not Served (ENS) in the Sumatera System Januarsyah, Ginanjar; Widyanto, Aji Nur; Husnayain, Faiz
International Journal of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62146/ijecbe.v3i3.124

Abstract

Animal disturbances on the High Voltage / Extra High Transmission Air Lines (SUTT / SUTET) in the work area of PT PLN (Persero) Sumatra Load Regulation and Distribution Center Main Unit (UIP3B Sumatra) during the period 2020-2024 have caused 208 animal disturbances on transmission lines and 35 animal disturbances on power transformers. This study provides information on mitigating animal interference, analyzing trends or patterns of animal habits that cause interference, and providing information on Energy Not Served (ENS). The data covers the period from 2020 to 2024, with a focus on evaluating the types of animals causing interference, the frequency and duration of outages, load data at the time of interference and the effectiveness of mitigation implemented, including recording the date, location, animal species, event classification, causal factors and response actions taken. This approach aims to improve understanding of the impact and behavior of wildlife on energy supply and to improve reliability and reduce the number of ENS.  The results showed that the behavior of each animal was consistent with the fault data analysis, and the largest amount of undelivered power was monkeys 629.15  MWh, followed by birds 391.167 MWh and 358.04 MWh. Reducing the number of disturbances is done by preventive maintenance in animal-prone areas, with regular monitoring and evaluation so that ENS can be minimized
Grid Impact of Battery Swapping Station for Electric Two-Wheelers in Indonesia Jamaluddin, Tisha Aditya Anggraini; Syamroni, Abdul Wachid; Husnayain, Faiz
International Journal of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62146/ijecbe.v3i3.130

Abstract

Indonesia is rapidly advancing toward electric transportation, with electric two-wheelers playing a crucial role, driven by widespread use and cost-effectiveness. While battery swapping stations (BSS) offer a practical and gap solution over charging station scenario through the stop-go schema, knockdown units and lessen upfront investment, however their unpredictable nature—stemming from random user swaps and varying battery state-of-charge (SoC)—creates dependency operational challenges, particularly for low-voltage distribution grid feeders (DGF). Hence, this article thoroughly evaluates grid impacts using a modified IEEE 9-bus system, focusing on future urban multi-source feeders in Indonesia. A stochastic simulation process for BSS operates every minute over 1440 periods, effectively capturing the near-realistic dynamics of BSS operational behavior and assessing the effects on voltage stability, lines, and transformer loadings concerning BSS integration in quasi-dynamic power flow analysis through DIgSILENT PowerFactory. The findings reveal that even a minor deployment of BSS can cause a voltage drop of up to 1.1%, a 30% increase in transformer loading, and a 100% rise in line loading, especially during peak exchangeable periods. These results highlight the need for proactive infrastructure planning and grid readiness strategies toward Indonesia’s future vision to decarbonize the transport sector into a scalable electric vehicle (EV) ecosystem.
Techno-Economic Study of a Hybrid Solar-Diesel-BESS Power System in Remote Island, Indonesia: Reducing Energy Costs and Carbon Emissions Umar, Abdullah; Husnayain, Faiz; Rahmat, Ade; Yusmar, Yusmar
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i2.93893

Abstract

The primary goal of this study is to conduct a comprehensive study of the viability of deploying a Photovoltaic-Diesel Hybrid system on Kaleroang Island, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The focus of this study is to identify the system configuration that is able to generate the lowest cost of energy and the lowest emissions. Five distinct scenarios are formulated for development. Scenario A encompasses fully diesel generator (DG), scenario B hybrid system DG and photovoltaic (PV), scenario C includes DG integrated with battery storage, scenario D includes DG, PV, and battery configuration, and scenario E includes PV with Battery. A comprehensive techno-economic study was performed to rigorously ascertain which of these system configurations demonstrates the highest competitiveness in terms of cost-effectiveness and operational viability. The results indicate that scenario D, characterized by a net present cost (NPC) of $5,460,903, exhibits a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.264/kWh, the lowest among the other scenarios. This configuration has been demonstrated to reduce fuel usage, thereby decreasing CO2 emissions by 32.9%. Furthermore, to ensure optimal results, it is imperative to calibrate the PV tilt angle within the range of 3Ëš to 6Ëš, with the orientation of the PV facing north.
Optimal Hybrid Renewable Energy Integration for Reliable and Cost Efficient of Isolated System Ardhyantoro, Novan Iman; Husnayain, Faiz
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.2 October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i2.93891

Abstract

Nusmapi Island is one of Indonesia's isolated islands that rely on Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) with a capacity of 20 kW to meet the electricity needs of its 50 customers. However, this PLTD only operates 12 hours a day due to high operational costs, reaching IDR 215,240,980/year with fuel consumption of 20,889 liters of diesel, equivalent to 17.56 tons with a COE of IDR 7,132/kWh in 2023. The reliance on diesel generators exacerbates ecological harm by releasing COâ‚‚ emissions"”a critical contradiction to Indonesia"™s nationally determined contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement, which mandates carbon neutrality by 2060. This research seeks to determine the most effective hybrid energy system design and configuration for Nusmapi Island, evaluating both technical feasibility and economic viability. The technical feasibility was assessed based on the unmet electric load, while the economic feasibility was evaluated using operational costs and the Cost of Energy (COE). The analysis indicates that the optimal system configuration comprises a 8,1-kW solar photovoltaic array, a 20-kW diesel generator, a 12-kW inverter, and five battery units housed within a single compartment. This configuration in real implementation will be able to produce 61,193 kWh/year, thereby increasing the power hours to 24 hours and reducing the unmet electric load to 0%. It will have a COE of IDR 3,280/kWh and will result in a fuel consumption reduction of 3,661 liters/year and operational costs of IDR 30,692,119/year. In addition, this configuration has environmental advantages with a renewable fraction reaching 18.3%
Evaluasi Sistem Proteksi Petir Eksternal pada Bangunan Pusat Perbelanjaan Studi Kasus Gedung XYZ Mahira, Athaya; Widyanto, Aji Nur; Husnayain, Faiz; Fitri, Ismi Rosyiana
CYCLOTRON Vol 7 No 02 (2024): CYCLOTRON
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/cl.v7i02.23283

Abstract

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adalah 17 tujuan global yang disusun oleh Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk mengatasi berbagai tantangan global seperti kemiskinan, degradasi lingkungan, perdamaian, dan perubahan iklim. Salah satu tujuannya adalah poin 11, "sustainable cities and communities," yang bertujuan membuat kota dan pemukiman manusia inklusif, aman, tangguh, dan berkelanjutan. Indonesia, dengan iklim tropisnya, rentan terhadap hujan petir yang bisa menyebabkan kerusakan elektronik, cedera, kematian, dan kebakaran. Dengan Indeks Kerawanan Petir (IKL) 45%, Jakarta adalah salah satu kota dengan risiko tinggi terhadap petir, sehingga penting untuk mengevaluasi sistem proteksi petir pada bangunan perkotaan. Salah satu bangunan yang banyak di Jakarta merupakan bangunan pusat perbelanjaan. Penelitian ini menganalisis risiko pada salah satu bangunan pusat perbelanjaan di Jakarta, Gedung XYZ, yang dilakukan berdasarkan standar nasional dan internasional. Sistem proteksi petir eksternal yang terpasang adalah Early Streamer Emission (ESE). Evaluasi dilakukan berdasarkan standar NF C 17-102 dengan fokus pada terminal udara, konduktor penyalur, dan sistem pentanahan. Empat skenario perbaikan area proteksi terminal udara ditawarkan: penggeseran, penambahan, penggantian batang penangkal, dan aplikasi sistem konvensional. Perbaikan sistem grounding melibatkan pemasangan ground ring electrode atau penambahan elektroda pentanahan di setiap sistem terminasi tanah.