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PENENTUAN KELAS SUNGAI CIMAHI KABUPATEN SUKABUMI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE QUAL2KW Riza Rizki Islani; Salih Muharam; Lela Mukmilah Yuningsih
SANTIKA is a scientific journal of science and technology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): Santika
Publisher : The Faculty of Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37150/fffm5v31

Abstract

Sungai merupakan sumber daya air yang dimanfaatkan oleh manusia sehingga harus dijaga kualitasnya agar tidak terjadi pencemaran terhadap sungai. Namun realitanya jumlah limbah cair yang dibuang ke sungai semakin lama semakin meningkat sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran sungai dan terjadinya penurunan terhadap kualitas air Sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan sungai Cimahi yang menjadi lokasi pembuangan air, dan aiktivitas masyarakat seperti industri dan pemukiman masuk kedalam kelas 1,2.3 atau 4, selain itu untuk menentukan atau mengetahui seberapa besar beban pencemaran yang dibuang ke sungai. Penentuan kelas sungai Cimahi dilakukan dengan modeling menggunnakan aplikasi Qual2Kw. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan diketahui bahwa: Aliran Sungai Cimahi yang dijadikan penelitian melewati tempat pembuangan limbah dari PT. Daehan Global, pembuangan limbah PT. Gunung Walat Perkasa juga pembuangan dari limbah rumah tangga dan pertanian. Dari hasil pemeriksaan didapatkan hasil pengukuran temperatur air didapat pada titik 1 sampai titik 4 yaitu 25.4°C, 25.6°C, 25.8°C, 25.8°C. Untuk pH didapatkan hasil pada titik 1 sampai titik 4 yaitu 7.42, 7.46, 7.38, 7.36. Untuk BOD pada titik 1 sampai titik 4 yaitu 10 mg/L, 9 mg/L, 8 mg/L, 6 mg/L. Untuk COD pada titik 1 sampai 4 yaitu 35 mg/L, 32 mg/L 64 mg/L, 23 mg/L. Untuk TSS pada titik 1 sampai 4 yaitu 24 mg/L 25 mg/L, 37 mg/L, 21 mg/L. Hasil validasi model kualitas alir sungai menggunakan aplikasi Qual2kw suhu didapat hasil 2%, pH 5%, BOD 11%,COD 19%, dan TSS 17% dimana syarat yang terima adalah <25%.
Optimization and Validation of Clobazam Content Determination Method in Tablet Preparations Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Agustina, Rosita; Mulyadi, Dikdik; Yuningsih, Lela Mukmilah
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 3 (2025): Juli-September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i3.9837

Abstract

Clobazam is a tablet-shaped drug whose concentration was analyzed using the HPLC separation method. Analysis of clobazam concentration using a method in accordance with FI VI, with a mobile phase composition of 70 mL of water and 30 mL of acetonitrile, resulting in a retention time of 21 minutes. The purpose of this study was to obtain the most optimal composition of the mobile phase and column to obtain a faster retention time in the analysis of clobazam levels. As well as to validate the analysis method whose results are in accordance with the validation requirements in the Indonesian pharmacopoeia VI. Data were analyzed using linearity tests, specificity or selectivity tests, accuracy tests, repeatability and intermediate precision tests, robustness tests, and LOS and LOQ tests. The results showed a theoretical plate number of 1711.5, a tailing factor of 1.34, and a retention time of 1.69 minutes using a C18 column measuring 150 x 3 mm 3 μm with a mobile phase ratio of acetonitrile: water of 80:20. The validation results of the analytical method for accuracy, precision, selectivity, and robustness showed RSD <2%, Detection Limit (LOD) 0.0014 mg/mL, Quantification Limit (LOQ) 0.0042 mg/mL, and the linearity test results showed a correlation coefficient of 0.999, meeting the FI VI validation criteria. The conclusion is that differences in the composition of the mobile phase and the particle size of the column greatly affect the characteristics of the chromatogram produced in HPLC analysis.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Carbon Dots Derived from Biomass: A Simple and Sustainable Approach Turdini, Shopi; Mulyadi, Dikdik; Yuningsih, Lela Mukmilah
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 3 (2025): Juli-September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i3.9842

Abstract

Carbon dots (CDs) are a class of carbon-based nanomaterials that have attracted significant attention in the field of nanotechnology due to their strong photoluminescence, biocompatibility, and ease of surface passivation. In recent years, biomass-derived approaches for CDs synthesis have become a primary focus, driven by the growing demand for environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable synthetic methods. This study aims to synthesize carbon dots (CDs) from molasses, a sugar-based biomass waste, using a simple hydrothermal method. Characterization results revealed that the synthesized CDs have an average particle size of 313.5 nm and retain surface functional groups such as –OH, –COOH, C=O, and C–H, which are essential for extended applications. The findings demonstrate that molasses can serve as a viable carbon source that not only supports the concept of green synthesis but also opens new opportunities for biomass-based CDs in sustainable applications, including environmental remediation, adsorbents, or macro-scale drug delivery systems suitable for mucosal or gastrointestinal routes. Moreover, this work contributes to the advancement of eco-friendly carbon-based materials.
Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)/Polyaniline (PANI) Composite as a Solid Electrolyte in Batteries Karisma, Siska; Yuningsih, Lela Mukmilah
Jurnal Teknologi dan Inovasi Industri (JTII) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtii.v6i2.123

Abstract

rGO is a graphene derivative that has undergone reduction of its oxygen groups. Synthesis and characterization of rGO/Polyaniline composite as a solid electrolyte in batteries to analyze the ability to store electric current and voltage. rGO was synthesized by the modified Hummers method and reduced with Zn reductant. Graphite oxide was first synthesized by oxidizing graphite using H2SO4 and KMnO4. Graphite oxide was exfoliated ultrasonically at 50/60 Hz wave beam and treated with Zn to produce rGO in powder form. Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized using the in-situ polymerization method. rGO and PANI were composited with the aim of increasing their conductivity values ​​so that there was an increase in their current and voltage values. The rGO/PANI composite was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, LCR-Meter, and digital multimeter. In FTIR, absorption peaks identified as rGO appear at wave numbers 1643 cm-1 (C=O), 1483.26 cm-1 (C-H stretch), 1292 and 1238 cm-1 (C-O stretch). While the typical PANI bands appear at wave numbers 684 cm-1 and 785 cm-1 (C-H bending), 1568 cm-1 (C=C stretch), and 3460.65 cm-1 (N-H). The resulting ID/IG ratio in Raman spectroscopy is 0.83. The rGO/PANI composite is identified to have a conductivity value of 0.230739696 S/cm, a voltage of 1.17 V with a current of 3.22 mA. The obtained values ​​are higher than the results of rGO measurements described singly.
Optimasi Koagulan dan Flokulan pada Proses Water Treatment Di PLTU Palabuhanratu Wicaksana, Septiar Agung; Yuningsih, Lela Mukmilah; Mulyani, Reni; Apriandari, Winda
SANTIKA is a scientific journal of science and technology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024): SANTIKA
Publisher : The Faculty of Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Abstrak — Water Treatment Plant adalah unit proses pengolahan air yang berada di Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap Palabuhanratu dimana terdapat 4 tahap pengolahan yaitu penyaringan, penjernihan, penghilangan garam dan demineralisasi. Pada proses penjernihan air yaitu pada tanki klarifier nilai kekeruhan berada di atas standar >5 NTU yang melebihi standar Manual Book China Huadian Power Plant Palabuhanratu hal ini menyebabkan beban proses selanjutnya menjadi lebih berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai optimum koagulan dan flokulan dengan sistem batch eliminasi sampel. Koagulan yang digunakan adalah Poly Alumunium Chlorida dan flokulan yang digunakan adalah Poly Akril Amid. Sampel air laut di analisa sebelum optimasi dan sesudah optimasi dengan turbidity meter, Spektrofotometer Uv-Vis, pH meter dan TDS meter. Hasil optimum didapatkan nilai turbidity/kekeruhan 1.49 NTU dengan kombinasi koagulan PAC dengan dosis 50 mg/L, flokulan PAM dengan dosis 1 mg/L dan kecepatan pengadukan pada 110 rpm.
In Silico and In Vivo Approaches to Exploring the Antidiabetic of Vegetable Fern (Diplazium esculentum S.) Iljannah, Nissa; Sapitri, Nazwa Martina; Rizki, Alfath Muhammad; Yuningsih, Lela Mukmilah; Khumaisah, Lela Lailatul; Kurniawan, Isman
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkimris.v10i2.73695

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Efforts to treat and prevent DM are made by using antidiabetics, usually synthetic drugs. However, continuous use may cause side effects. Other alternatives are needed to handle DM by utilizing plants as antidiabetics, such as the vegetable fern (Diplazium esculentum S.). Therefore, this research aims to analyze the components of a vegetable fern leaf extract and determine its effectiveness as an antidiabetic through in silico and in vivo assays. The sample was macerated using 98% ethanol for 3x24 hours. Phytochemical screening and LC-MS/MS analysis were performed on the extract. In vivo studies were conducted on mice with extract doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/BW along with positive (Glibenclamide) and negative controls. An in silico study was conducted by molecular docking against the ɑ-glucosidase receptor with PDB ID 5KZW, which was docked to 18 compounds from the extract. The analysis revealed that the D. esculentum S. leaf extract contained 22 compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and phenolics. The best dosage for the in vivo antidiabetic efficacy assays was 400 mg/BW of extract, which significantly reduced glucose levels for 21 days, reaching 30%, which was better than Glibenclamide's 27%. Based on in silico tests, the molecules kaempferol 3-rhamno-glucoside and 4,4-Bis[2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)vinyl]biphenyl had the highest affinity, with a value of -6.3 kcal/mol. Dantaxusin A and Phorone A came in second and third, respectively, with -6.0 and -5.9 kcal/mol. These results suggest the potential antidiabetic effects of D. esculentum S. leaf extract.