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THE INFLUENCE OF FUNCTION, FORM AND STRUCTURE ON THE SPATIAL HIERARCHY OF THE TAWANG RAILWAY STATION IN SEMARANG Santoso, Bachtiar Fauzy, Beni Adi
Jurnal Riset Arsitektur Vol 1 No 03 (2017): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Abstract - Dutch East Indies Empire architecture in Indonesia must be preserved as a result of acculturation between a foreign culture and a local one. The century-old Tawang Railway Station in Semarang has been hit by annual rob floods and has undergone somerenovation, but the latter has made the impact of reducing the architectural values of “Indies” style in its features. This research study may deepen understanding of this type of colonial architecture, exploring its application to this railway station. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis determines how function, form and structure have affected the spatial hierarchy of this railway station. This study is descriptive, analytical and interpretative, employing theories dealing with archetypes, ordering principles and Dutch East Indies Empire architecture. After data collection, the analysis compares these theories with the object of study. The findings indicate that this station has indeed applied the concept of the Dutch colonial style, starting from the context of the local area to the building elements, except for the floor. At present, the latter has already been changed in its entirety, from the initial building stage to its current state, where the specific “Indies” character can no longer be discerned. The zenith of hierarchy can be observed in the main lobby whose function is to receive visitors in its cube-shaped space similar to the Sokoguru (central Javanese pillar) and the cupola not found in any other part of the building. The building mass of the station is symmetrical in keeping with its typical “Indies” character, but the function of the interior space is asymmetrical. This shows the importance of achieving a high degree of spatial efficiency to make the activities run smoothly and effectively. Keywords: Hierarchy, Space, Dutch East Indies Empire Architecture, Semarang’s Tawang Railway Station

THE INFLUENCE OF FUNCTION, FORM AND STRUCTURE ON THE SPATIAL HIERARCHY OF THE TAWANG RAILWAY STATION IN SEMARANG Beni Adi Santoso, Bachtiar Fauzy
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 1 No 03 (2017): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Abstract - Dutch East Indies Empire architecture in Indonesia must be preserved as a result of acculturation between a foreign culture and a local one. The century-old Tawang Railway Station in Semarang has been hit by annual rob floods and has undergone somerenovation, but the latter has made the impact of reducing the architectural values of “Indies” style in its features. This research study may deepen understanding of this type of colonial architecture, exploring its application to this railway station. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis determines how function, form and structure have affected the spatial hierarchy of this railway station. This study is descriptive, analytical and interpretative, employing theories dealing with archetypes, ordering principles and Dutch East Indies Empire architecture. After data collection, the analysis compares these theories with the object of study. The findings indicate that this station has indeed applied the concept of the Dutch colonial style, starting from the context of the local area to the building elements, except for the floor. At present, the latter has already been changed in its entirety, from the initial building stage to its current state, where the specific “Indies” character can no longer be discerned. The zenith of hierarchy can be observed in the main lobby whose function is to receive visitors in its cube-shaped space similar to the Sokoguru (central Javanese pillar) and the cupola not found in any other part of the building. The building mass of the station is symmetrical in keeping with its typical “Indies” character, but the function of the interior space is asymmetrical. This shows the importance of achieving a high degree of spatial efficiency to make the activities run smoothly and effectively. Keywords: Hierarchy, Space, Dutch East Indies Empire Architecture, Semarang’s Tawang Railway Station

AN ANALYSIS OF GEOMETRIC ELEMENTS OBSERVED IN BANDUNG’S SALMAN MOSQUE Renate Arlene; Bachtiar Fauzy
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 1 No 04 (2017): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Abstract- The Salman Mosque was constructed in the era of modern architecture guided by geometric elements. Geometric elements enable architects to easily design with accurate measurement. These geometric elements were applied to the Salman Mosque by Achmad Noe’man. The applications of these geometric elements were made to the roof, walls and floor of the Salman Mosque building. The purpose of this paper is study the aspects of geometric elements within this research. The other purpose is to study the application of geometric elements to the Salman Mosque in Bandung. The theories behind this research are the ones concerning geometric elements, modern types of architecture, Mosque architecture, structuring principles, and archetypes. The method used to conduct the research is the research object analysis, in this case of theSalman Mosque. This paper discusses the background, formulation of the problem, purpose, utility, method, theoretical study, object data and research object analysis, as well as the ultimate research conclusion and suggestion. The benefits of the research outcome that can be derived from this research study are yielding knowledge concerning the application of geometric elements to a Mosque building in Indonesia as well as producing recommendations for the design of geometric elements in Indonesia. Keywords: geometric elements; roof, wall, and floor; Salman Mosque Bandung

THE MONUMENTALITY OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE AS OBSERVED IN JAKARTA’S POLA BUILDING Lo Angela Irena ; Bachtiar Fauzy
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2 No 01 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Abstract- After the Indonesian people declared Independence on 17 August 1945, Ir. Soekarno had a modern vision and mission, namely that architecture could become a symbol of strength and power in a state. Therefore, various monumental building projects emerged, especially in Indonesia’s capital Jakarta. One of these was the Pola building in Jakarta, a work of architecture designed by F. Silaban. The Pola building was actually constructed on top of Ir. Soekarno’s former house and functioned as an exhibition space to display Overall Projects Planned for the First Eight Years 1961-1969 (PSBPTP). The purpose of this study is to find out more about the architectural monumentality encountered in this research, to examine the concrete shape of the expression of this monumentality in the Pola building, and to determine the geometric elements, supporting the creation of this expression in this particular building. The research methods consist of the descriptive method, the analytical method and the interpretative method through the analysis of the physical and spatial data related to the observation of the building activities; interviews held with the building manager and the study made of the background literature on the object of study. The theory concerning architectural monumentality, the theory dealing with principles of arrangement (lay-out), the theory of geometrical elements and finally the theory concerning archetypes have been used to analyze the physical construction data regarding their monumentality. The conclusion that may be drawn from this research is that the monumentality observed in the Pola building can be gleaned from the geometrical elements shaped like a striped rectangle as the composing element that contributes to its monumentality with its repetitive lay-out showing a static and balanced rhythm. The benefit of this research lies in the hope that it may make a positive contribution to the development of scientific knowledge in the field of architecture., and especially modern architecture in whose field this research has focused on the monumentality of buildings designed in the modern architectural style based on the physical condition of the building in question. Keywords : Monumentalism, Architecture, Modern

ECLECTIC ARCHITECTURE ON MASJID PUSDAI BUILDING IN BANDUNG Tamara Florenza ; Bachtiar Fauzy
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2 No 03 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Abstract- Eclectic architecture is a product of globalization in which architectural styles from different places and time intertwine each other. The development of eclectic architecture in Indonesia tends to follow the trend, neglecting the local value. A study towards eclectic architecture is necessary to raise society’s concern towards the identification of foreign and local architectural style. Masjid PUSDAI Bandung is selected as a research object to represent these issues above, in which the architectural style of Spain, Indian, and Javanese mosque intertwined each other. The research’s purpose towards the research object as a representation of eclectic architecture is to define the meaning of eclectic architecture in Masjid PUSDAI as well as to understand the form of eclecticism in Masjid PUSDAI. The eclectic architecture form will be analyzed towards the mixture of Indian, Spain, and Javanese mosque architecture style.Literature study as a theoretical base consist of the main theories such as the theory of eclectic architecture and theory of form and technic, as well as the supporting theories such as the architecture of Spain, Indian, and Javanese mosque. A comparative-qualitative approach is used as research method. This method compares the documentation from building observation with the literature theories for a further analysis.Through this research it can be concluded that the eclectic architecture form of Masjid PUSDAI Bandung is seen through mixture of two to three architecture style among its elements, thus forming a new architecture style. However, the intertwinement of architecture style doesn’t show on several elements. Some of them show an identical form which is used in Indian, Spain, and Javanese mosque.This research is expected to educate readers, architecture students, and experts in academic fileds, about how to execute the eclectic architecture design in public facilities, especially on mosques in Indonesia. Keywords: eclectic, architecture, mosque

ACCULTURATION VARIETY OF SUNDANESSE AND MODERN ARCHITECTURE AT SELASAR SUNARYO ART SPACE IN BANDUNG Gabriella Serena ; Bachtiar Fauzy
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 3 No 02 (2019): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Abstract- The growth of globalization is a worldwide phenomenon that is unavoidable and its impact affects a lot of fields, including architecture. Non-local elements, like modernism, that penetrate Indonesia’s culture cause a competition against the local architecture including traditional values, which are reduced due to modernization. Combining modern and local architecture can be seen as an effort to conserve traditional values and answer to the era’s challenge at the same time through the application of modernization.The aim of this research is to understand the meaning of acculturation in architecture, discover which acculturation that occurs in Selasar Sunaryo Art Space architecture and discover what domination that exists in Selasar Sunaryo Art Space’s architecture. Study of synthesis of architecture in Selasar Sunaryo Art Space is done by doing firstly a survey to gain object data, undertake an interview with the architect and client to gain the architectural concept of the object, and re-model the object in 3D. Literature is also done to gain theories about acculturation in architecture, building anatomy theory to describe the study object, also Sundanese and modern architecture theories. Afterwards, the object is analyzed by the said theories and interpreted referring to literature.The result of this research shows that modern architecture dominates Selasar Sunaryo’s architecture, especially in it’s body, floor, structure, and ‘s shape. Synthesis of architecture can be seen from the landscape design and roof design. Overall, Selasar Sunaryo’s architecture is dominated by modern structure and arrangements, although there are several adaptations to the building’s climate context and application of Sundanese architecture concepts to its buildings.Hopefully this thesis would be beneficial to practitioners, academics, and people in general as a contribution to expand the knowledge of local and non-local architecture synthesis, also as a contribution of knowledge that is beneficial within designing process or of continuation of the research. Key Words: acculturation, architecture, modern, Sundanese

EVALUASI IDENTITAS LOKAL PADA EKSPRESI BANGUNAN HOTEL KATAMAMA DI SEMINYAK, BALI Sonia Zipora; Bachtiar Fauzy
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 5 No 04 (2021): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v5i04.5299.348-366

Abstract- The times have created an identity crisis that has led to the fading of cultural diversity. This has caused many buildings in Indonesia today that have acted on behalf of or made the building have a local identity to reflect culture. The local identity used should not only be in the physical part of the building, but also have concepts and meanings applied. One of the local identity can be reflected through the expression of the building. A good building expression is a building that can pay attention to the local identity of the local culture in the building. This study aims to determine the local identity contained in the object of study, related to the expressions observed by observers. The object of study needs to be examined and studied further about the concept of Tri Angga used, and the representation of Bali that is reflected through the building, so that it can be known whether the object of study displays local Balinese identity or not. This evaluation discusses the conclusions of local identity in the case study building expressions and what should be done so that the local identity of Bali is more felt in the object of research. The theory used to support this research is the evaluation of architecture, local identity, architectural expression, identity and expression of Balinese architecture. The expression theory uses the Building Quality Theory by Kevin Lynch in 1960. The aspects of expression theory are chosen according to the explanations relevant to the object of study, form simplicity, visual scope, directional differentiation, and dominance. The method used in this study uses qualitative methods with descriptive, analytic, and interpretative approaches. The results of the study were to evaluate the local identity contained in the Katamama Hotel building expressions, which were assessed based on the theory of building quality. Local identity in the research object is in the aspect of dominance / dominance. The identity used is only found in the Bali brick material used in the scope of the building. Katamama Hotel does not use Balinese concepts, which rights are a characteristic or identity of Balinese architecture. The quality of buildings such as visual scope in the shape of the building is the main expression to be displayed. The brick material with gaps obtained from the brick structure makes a visual impression that can be felt by visitors, and is in accordance with the concept designed by the architect of the building by paying attention to lighting and shadows. While the quality of directional differentiation and form simplicity in buildings, both the shape of the building and the arrangement of the space become an aspect that is less attention to the Katamama Hotel. The benefit of this research is to provide an in-depth understanding of local identity and the importance of maintaining local wisdom, educating the public about the expression and its relation to local architectural identity with examples of real objects, so that physical and non-physical elements can be seen, enriching knowledge, especially culture local archipelago, as well as adding theoretical study studies on local expression and identity, as well as their relation to national identity. Key words: Evaluation, local identity, expression, Bali

KESELARASAN WUJUD INKULTURASI ORNAMEN SEBAGAI PEMBENTUK MAKNA SIMBOLIK GEREJA SANTA THERESIA LISIEUX BORO, KULON PROGO Malika Pribadi, Nyra; Fauzy, Bachtiar
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 8 No 04 (2024): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v8i04.8576.328-347

Abstract - As the times progress, the Catholic Church is increasingly open to changes. The Second Vatican Council which was held in 1965 produced a new term, namely; inculturation, which means the encouragement of the Church to renew the Church by involving integration between local culture and Catholic teachings. Inculturation encourages the formation of a Church that continues to change with the times, by involving the active role of its people through a liturgy that can be more internalized by the community, thus forming a Church that is rooted in the local community and integration of faith experience with local breath can occur. Inculturation makes the Church part of the local culture and integrated identity of a community group. The purpose of this research is to document and reveal the embodiment and harmony of inculturation found in the architectural ornaments of the Santa Theresia Lisieux Boro Church in Kulon Progo. The choice of this object was made due to the lack of documentation of this church, even though it has a rich history and has been established since 1927. The Santa Theresia Lisieux Boro Church has strong influences from European architecture, especially the Netherlands because of its history, and over time has experienced changes influenced by Javanese culture. This research was conducted using qualitative methods in the form of descriptions, comparisons, analysis, and interpretations. The theory used is acculturation theory which is the basis of the inculturation process. The supporting theories used are the principles of Javanese locality, in the form of Javanese architectural ornamentation and colors, church zoning theory, and semiotic theory regarding historical, historicism, and material approaches. The object of study is divided into the scope of study from zoning in the Church which is divided according to its sacredness, namely the Narthex Zone, Nave Zone, and Sanctuary Zone, which is then divided again based on the scope of the building, namely the roof area, the wall area, and the floor area. The results of the study show that the inculturation of the Santa Theresia Lisieux Boro Church, Kulon Progo appears in its relationship with the sacred hierarchical zoning of the church, and the scope of the building as a manifestation of the insertion of Javanese culture into church architecture. Inculturation is manifested in the use of local decorative styles such as lung-lungan floral motives, gunungan wayang, and ornamental depiction styles. Material selection based on locality is also carried out by using stone paste and carved teak wood. The research also suggests that there is harmony between ornaments that are studied based on shape and meaning, color and material, and hierarchical placement has been realized, except for the ornaments in the Nave Zone. The benefits of this research can provide researchers, designers and readers with an understanding of inculturation and its harmony in the architectural ornamentation of the Santa Theresia Lisieux Boro Church in terms of form and meaning. An understanding of the importance of integrating local culture and values into buildings that become the identity of a region is also obtained. This research is expected to be an inspiration for designers to integrate and adopt local cultural elements that are in harmony in terms of form and meaning with the teachings and sacredness of the Catholic religion in church architecture as the identity of a region. Keywords: inculturation, ornament, form and meaning, church architecture, Java

KESELARASAN WUJUD INKULTURASI ORNAMEN SEBAGAI PEMBENTUK MAKNA SIMBOLIK GEREJA SANTA THERESIA LISIEUX BORO, KULON PROGO Malika Pribadi, Nyra; Fauzy, Bachtiar
Jurnal Riset Arsitektur Vol 8 No 04 (2024): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v8i04.8576.328-347

Abstract - As the times progress, the Catholic Church is increasingly open to changes. The Second Vatican Council which was held in 1965 produced a new term, namely; inculturation, which means the encouragement of the Church to renew the Church by involving integration between local culture and Catholic teachings. Inculturation encourages the formation of a Church that continues to change with the times, by involving the active role of its people through a liturgy that can be more internalized by the community, thus forming a Church that is rooted in the local community and integration of faith experience with local breath can occur. Inculturation makes the Church part of the local culture and integrated identity of a community group. The purpose of this research is to document and reveal the embodiment and harmony of inculturation found in the architectural ornaments of the Santa Theresia Lisieux Boro Church in Kulon Progo. The choice of this object was made due to the lack of documentation of this church, even though it has a rich history and has been established since 1927. The Santa Theresia Lisieux Boro Church has strong influences from European architecture, especially the Netherlands because of its history, and over time has experienced changes influenced by Javanese culture. This research was conducted using qualitative methods in the form of descriptions, comparisons, analysis, and interpretations. The theory used is acculturation theory which is the basis of the inculturation process. The supporting theories used are the principles of Javanese locality, in the form of Javanese architectural ornamentation and colors, church zoning theory, and semiotic theory regarding historical, historicism, and material approaches. The object of study is divided into the scope of study from zoning in the Church which is divided according to its sacredness, namely the Narthex Zone, Nave Zone, and Sanctuary Zone, which is then divided again based on the scope of the building, namely the roof area, the wall area, and the floor area. The results of the study show that the inculturation of the Santa Theresia Lisieux Boro Church, Kulon Progo appears in its relationship with the sacred hierarchical zoning of the church, and the scope of the building as a manifestation of the insertion of Javanese culture into church architecture. Inculturation is manifested in the use of local decorative styles such as lung-lungan floral motives, gunungan wayang, and ornamental depiction styles. Material selection based on locality is also carried out by using stone paste and carved teak wood. The research also suggests that there is harmony between ornaments that are studied based on shape and meaning, color and material, and hierarchical placement has been realized, except for the ornaments in the Nave Zone. The benefits of this research can provide researchers, designers and readers with an understanding of inculturation and its harmony in the architectural ornamentation of the Santa Theresia Lisieux Boro Church in terms of form and meaning. An understanding of the importance of integrating local culture and values into buildings that become the identity of a region is also obtained. This research is expected to be an inspiration for designers to integrate and adopt local cultural elements that are in harmony in terms of form and meaning with the teachings and sacredness of the Catholic religion in church architecture as the identity of a region. Keywords: inculturation, ornament, form and meaning, church architecture, Java

EVALUASI IDENTITAS LOKAL PADA EKSPRESI BANGUNAN HOTEL KATAMAMA DI SEMINYAK, BALI Zipora, Sonia; Fauzy, Bachtiar
Jurnal Riset Arsitektur Vol 5 No 04 (2021): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v5i04.5299.348-366

Abstract- The times have created an identity crisis that has led to the fading of cultural diversity. This has caused many buildings in Indonesia today that have acted on behalf of or made the building have a local identity to reflect culture. The local identity used should not only be in the physical part of the building, but also have concepts and meanings applied. One of the local identity can be reflected through the expression of the building. A good building expression is a building that can pay attention to the local identity of the local culture in the building. This study aims to determine the local identity contained in the object of study, related to the expressions observed by observers. The object of study needs to be examined and studied further about the concept of Tri Angga used, and the representation of Bali that is reflected through the building, so that it can be known whether the object of study displays local Balinese identity or not. This evaluation discusses the conclusions of local identity in the case study building expressions and what should be done so that the local identity of Bali is more felt in the object of research. The theory used to support this research is the evaluation of architecture, local identity, architectural expression, identity and expression of Balinese architecture. The expression theory uses the Building Quality Theory by Kevin Lynch in 1960. The aspects of expression theory are chosen according to the explanations relevant to the object of study, form simplicity, visual scope, directional differentiation, and dominance. The method used in this study uses qualitative methods with descriptive, analytic, and interpretative approaches. The results of the study were to evaluate the local identity contained in the Katamama Hotel building expressions, which were assessed based on the theory of building quality. Local identity in the research object is in the aspect of dominance / dominance. The identity used is only found in the Bali brick material used in the scope of the building. Katamama Hotel does not use Balinese concepts, which rights are a characteristic or identity of Balinese architecture. The quality of buildings such as visual scope in the shape of the building is the main expression to be displayed. The brick material with gaps obtained from the brick structure makes a visual impression that can be felt by visitors, and is in accordance with the concept designed by the architect of the building by paying attention to lighting and shadows. While the quality of directional differentiation and form simplicity in buildings, both the shape of the building and the arrangement of the space become an aspect that is less attention to the Katamama Hotel. The benefit of this research is to provide an in-depth understanding of local identity and the importance of maintaining local wisdom, educating the public about the expression and its relation to local architectural identity with examples of real objects, so that physical and non-physical elements can be seen, enriching knowledge, especially culture local archipelago, as well as adding theoretical study studies on local expression and identity, as well as their relation to national identity. Key words: Evaluation, local identity, expression, Bali

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