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Journal : Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian

Cutting Torque and Blowing Effect of Slanted Blade Model for Rotary-Type Mower I Nengah Suastawa; Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan; Prima Sanjaya
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 17 No. 1 (2003): Buletin Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.017.1.%p

Abstract

Rotary-type mower is commonly used for cutting turfgrass as a part of landscape maintenance. Cutting torque and quality to turf surface resulted by cutting are two important factors that have to be considered in designing rotary-type mower blades. The objectives of this research are to design and build a slanted blade model, and to study its cutting torque, blowing effect, and friction between blades and turf surface on a several rotational speeds, slant angles and blade types. The blade model was tested on a specially designed turf-bin test apparatus.
Getaran Akibat Gangguan Secara Alami Soeharsono .; Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 22 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.022.2.%p

Abstract

This paper discusses the phenomenon of self-excited vibration in some physical model including its applications in some different engineering field. The referred physical model include the impact damper and its application for damping the vibration of shear building, chatter phenomenon on machine tools, ride comfort on agricultural machinery and stick-slip phenomenon and its benefit on vibration subsoiler. It is intended that this paper could provide a global overview on phenomenon-of self-excited vibration. Keywords: self-excited, vibration, stick-slip, subsoile Diterima: 03 Januari 2008; Disetujui: 12 Mei 2008
Rancang Bangun dan Uji Kinerja Mekanisme Pengendali Otomatis Pedal Rem dan Tuas Transmisi Maju-Mundur pada Traktor Roda Empat I Dewa Made Subrata; Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan; Setya Permana; Muhammad Sigit Gunawan; Andreas .
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.01.1.%p

Abstract

AbstractMost of the four wheeled tractors were operated manually for many agricultural applications. Therefore the operator’s fatigue during operating tractor can’t be avoided. To decrease operator’s fatigue it was necessary to operate tractor automatically for forward and backward motion. This research focus on the automatic backward motion and decrease turning radius by modify the brake pedal and forward-backward transmission mechanisms, which were controlled using DC motor with H-bridge actuator. Functional test was done by lifting up the tractor so that it was not move sideways while the tires were rotated. Performance test was done on the field to know the ability of the tractor to move forward and backward automatically and to know the turning radius when the left or right brake pedal was pushed down automatically. Experimental result showed that the time required to push the brake was about 0.47 s for left brake and 0.61 s for right brake. Field test result showed that the tractor was able to control automatically for forward motion with average speed of 0.62 m/s, backward motion with average speed of 0.63 m/s, to turn left with average turning radius of 2.2 m, and turn right with average turning radius of 2.4 m.Keyword: automation, forward-backward transmission, brake pedal.AbstrakSampai saat ini sebagian besar traktor roda empat masih dioperasikan secara manual untuk penerapan di bidang pertanian. Dengan demikian kelelahan operator dalam mengoperasikan traktor tersebut tidak dapatdihindari. Untuk menurunkan tingkat kelelahan operator maka perlu diupayakan mengoperasikan traktor secara otomatis untuk gerakan maju maupun mundur. Otomatisasi gerakan maju telah dilakukan padapenelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini lebih difokuskan pada otomatisasi gerakan mundur dan memperkecil radius belok dengan memodifikasi mekanisme pengendali rem dan mekanisme pengendali transmisi majumundur. Kedua mekanisme tersebut dikendalikan menggunakan motor DC dengan aktuator H-bridge. Uji fungsional dilakukan di laboratoriun dengan cara mengangkat traktor sehingga roda tidak menapak dan traktor tidak bergerak meskipun rodanya berputar. Pengujian kinerja mekanisme juga dilakukan di atas lahan kering untuk mengetahui kemampuan bergerak maju dan mundur secara otomatis dan berputar balik melalui penekanan pedal rem secara otomatis. Hasil pengujian fungsional menunjukkan mekanisme bekerja dengan baik dengan waktu penekanan rem 0.47 s untuk rem kiri dan 0.61 s untuk rem kanan. Hasil pengujian lapangan menunjukkan bahwa traktor dapat dikendalikan secara otomatis untuk bergerak maju dengan kecepatan rata-tara 0.62 m/s, bergerak mundur dengan kecepatan rata-rata 0.63 m/s, berputar dengan jari-jari 2.2 m untuk rem kiri dan 2.4 m untuk rem kanan.Kata Kunci: otomatisasi, transmisi maju-mundur, pedal rem.Diterima: 11 Maret 2013; Disetujui: 18 Juni 2013
Perkembangan Desain dan Kinerja Aerator Tipe Kincir Samsul Bahri; Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan; Wawan Hermawan; Muhammad Zairin Yunior
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.02.1.%p

Abstract

AbstractPaddle wheel aerator widely used in aquaculture because it has the function of aeration and circulation as well as their construction is simple. However, its efficiency is not maximized so it is still expensive inoperation because of the large power consumption. Aerator performance is an important factor in the selection and use of the aerator as it relates to investment and operating cost, so the paddle wheel aeratordesign development and improvement of the performance of the operation is still possible to do. Developing of three-dimensional blade with the optimum geomerty and blade development that can move is a solution that can be done. The study aims to review the principle of aeration, performance test, evaluation criteria, and performance comparison aerator design development that have been made so as to provide an alternative to the developing of performance improvement paddle wheel aerator. This article is a summary of the ''state of the art'' design and performance of a paddle wheel aerator development.Keywords : design, aeration, paddle wheel, dissolved oxygen, efficiencyAbstrakAerator kincir banyak digunakan dalam budidaya air karena mempunyai fungsi aerasi dan sirkulasi yang baik serta kontruksinya sederhana. Namun demikian, efisiensinya belum maksimal sehingga masih mahal dalam pengoperasian karena besarnya pemakaian daya listrik. Kinerja aerator merupakan faktor penting dalam pemilihan dan penggunaan aerator karena berhubungan dengan biaya investasi dan operasional, sehingga pengembangan desain aerator kincir dan peningkatan kinerja pengoperasian masih memungkinkan untuk dilakukan. Pengembangan sudu tiga dimensi dengan geometri optimumnya dan pengembangan sudu yang dapat bergerak merupakan solusi yang dapat dilakukan. Kajian ini bertujuan menelaah kembali prinsip aerasi, uji kinerja, kriteria evaluasi, perbandingan kinerja dan perkembangan desain aerator yang sudah dilakukan sehingga dapat memberikan alternatif pengembangan guna peningkatan kinerja aerator kincir. Artikel ini merupakan rangkuman dari “state of the art” desain dan kinerja aerator kincir untuk penggunaan budidaya air.Kata kunci: desain, aerasi. kincir, kelarutan oksigen, efisiensi.Diterima: 12 November 2013; Disetujui:15 Januari 2014
Mekanisme Penangkap Tandan Buah Sawit dan Pemanfaatan Energi Potensialnya Rusnadi .; Wawan Hermawan; Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.02.2.81-88

Abstract

AbstractIn oil palm harvesting, falling fruit bunches have a considerable potential energy, which can be captured and used to power the wheelbarrow in evacuating the fruit bunches. This study was conducted to design a mechanism of oil palm fresh fruit bunches catchment and its potential energy utilization. The potential energy of falling fruit bunches during oil palm harvesting that stored in the flat spiral spring, and used to drivethe wheelbarrow. The actual energy potential and torque performance of flat spiral spring was measured by using a torque and potential energy measuring apparatus. The results showed that the potential energyfrom falling fruit bunches could store in the flat spiral spring mechanism, with storage efficiency of 39.39%. By means of 1.5 rotation of flat spiral spring, the maximum torque of the flat spiral spring was 53.35 Nm.The utilization of potential energy that stored in the flat spiral spring has been successfully used to drive the wheelbarrow, with utilization efficiency of 80.39%. By using the potential energy of 38.64 J, wheelbarrow could move as far as 0.41 m to evacuate 48 kg of total weight loads.Keywords: oil palm, harvesting,potential energy, catchment mechanism, wheelbarrow.AbstrakDalam pemanenan kelapa sawit, tandan buah yang jatuh memiliki energi potensial yang cukup besar, yang dapat ditangkap dan digunakan sebagai daya penggerak angkong dalam mengevakuasi tandan buah segar (TBS). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk merancang sebuah mekanisme penangkap TBS yang sekaligus dapat menyimpan energi potensialnya. Energi potensial yang terkandung pada TBS saat pemanenan disimpan pada flat spiral spring dan akan dimanfaatkan sebagai daya untuk menggerakan angkong. Torsi dan energi potensial pada flat spiral spring diukur secara aktual melalui sebuah aparatus pengukur torsi dan energi potensial untuk pegas tipe spiral. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa energi potensial TBS dapat disimpan pada flatspiral spring dengan efesiensi penyimpanan sebesar 39.39%. Melalui input 1.5 putaran pada flat spiral spring, torsi maksimum yang dapat dicapai oleh flat spiral spring adalah sebesar53.35 Nm. Bentuk pemanfaatan energi yang tersimpan dalam flat spiral spring telah berhasil dimanfaatkan untuk menggerakan roda angkong dengan efisiensi pemanfaatan sebesar 80.39%. Energi potensial sebesar 38.64 J telah dapat menggerakan angkong sejauh 0.41 m dengan bobot total mesin seberat 48 kg.Kata kunci : kelapa sawit, pema nenan, energi potensial, mekanisme penangkap, angkong.Diterima: 19 Juni 2014 ;Disetujui: 22 September 2014
PERKEMBANGAN KONSEP PENURUNAN TAHANAN TARIK PADA PENGEMBANGAN DISAIN BAJAK SUBSOIL GETAR Yazid lzmi lntara; Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 21 No. 2 (2007): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.021.2.%p

Abstract

Abstract From many experiments with different kinds of tiIIage tools it is well known that an oscilating or vibrating movement of a tool can have a considerable influence on the draft required. Subsoiler represent tools of deep tillage, the function of subsoil plough to cutting deep tillage and to breaking hardpan soil. The hardpan soil can hinder drainage, aeration and pursue spreading of the soil nutrition. Therefore in split/cut the hardpan layer require by big enough of energy. This operation requires heavy-duty tractor because of high draft consumption, especially for breaking subsoil up to depth of 50 cm. Vibratory technique is one of the methods, which could be applied in order to reduce draft. On the other hand reduced draft can used by vibration, mechanism of vibration exploitedly with rotation of PTO changed become translation movement. However that vibration can greatly reduce the draft force needed, to pull a blade or tine trough soil, but this can only be achieved at the expense of an increase in the total powor consumed. Diterima: 12 Pebruari 2007, Disetujui:. 3 Mei 2007   
Pengembangan Mesin Penanam dan Pemupuk Jagung Terintegrasi dengan Pengolahan Tanah Alur Agustami Sitorus; Wawan Hermawan; Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1987.975 KB) | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.03.2.%p

Abstract

The prototype of integrated corn planter and fertilizer applicator for strip tillage has been developed. The development was done by using wheel axis of hand tractor for driven rotor fertilizer applicator and metering device corn planter. Planting furrows were made into two furrows on a single pass with strip tillage. The objective of this study was to develop and to conduct performance test of the corn planting and fertilizing for strip tillage. Stationer test result showed that the fertilizer applicator and corn planter performance could be metering 20.71 g/m NPK fertilizer and 1-3 seeds of corn per planting hole respectively. Field test result showed that the fertilizer applicator and corn planter performance could be metering 15.88 g/m NPK fertilizer and 1-2 seeds of corn per planting hole respectively. Mean seed spacing was 21.5 cm which was longer than the theoretical seed spacing (20 cm). Fertilizer and seed hopper capacity were 16.53 kg and 1kg respectively. Effective fieldcapacity was 0.147 ha/h (low-1)and 0.350 ha/h (low-2) and efficiency for respective speed was 76.24% and 83.78%.  
Desain dan Kinerja Sistem Pneumatik untuk Penabur Pupuk Tanaman Sawit Muda Muqroob Tajalli; Wawan Hermawan; Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2420.86 KB) | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.04.2.%p

Abstract

AbstractCurrent Mechanical fertilizer applicators using centrifugal spreading system could not be applied to young palm oil trees (under 5 years old) and hence needed to be modified. The research was to design a fertilizer spreading system, using a pneumatic system. The design used a positive type pneumatic pressure to blow the granular fertilizer out of the metering device to the soil surface around the tree. The metering device was designed to deliver the fertilizer in several application rates, i.e.: 0.25, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 kg/tree. Based on pressure drop analysis the pneumatic system needed a power of 0.71 kW, where the blower should be rotated at 3000 rpm to produce an air flow of ± 0.3375 m3/s. A This prototipe spreader was tested in the field at 0.55 and 1.7 m/s forward speed one at a time. Test results showed that the spreader could deliver the fertilizer to the targetted area around the palm oil trees with an accurate application rate. However, the distribution of the fertilizer was relatively low at a range of coefficient of variance of 0.47-0.77.AbstrakMesin pemupuk yang menggunakan mekanisme gaya sentrifugal, perlu dimodifikasi, karena tidak dapat diaplikasikan untuk memupuk tanaman kelapa sawit belum menghasilkan (di bawah 5 tahun). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan merancang sistem penabur pupuk, menggunakan sistem pneumatik, dimana Penjatah pupuk didesain untuk menghembuskan pupuk pada beberapa dosis pemupukan, yaitu: 0.25, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 dan 1.5 kg/tanaman. Berdasarkan analisis kehilangan tekanan, sistem pneumatik ini membutuhkan daya 0.71 kW pada putaran blower 3000 rpm yang menghasilkan aliran udara sebesar ±0.3375 m3/s.Prototipe penabur pupuk ini telah diuji di lapang pada kecepatan maju 0.55 m/s dan 1.7 m/s. Hasil pengujianmenunjukkan bahwa penabur pupuk ini dapat menghembuskan pupuk ke sasaran di sekitar tanamankelapa sawit dengan laju pemupukan yang akurat. Namun, sebaran pupuk relatif rendah dengan koefisien ragam antara 0.47 - 0.77.
Desain dan Pengujian Prototipe Sistem Kontrol Mesin Sprayer Dosis Variabel untuk Aplikasi Penyemprotan Pertanian Presisi Muhammad Rizal; I Dewa Made Subrata; Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1992.054 KB) | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.04.2.%p

Abstract

AbstractPresently. Rise of crop production often face major obstacle, such as plant disease and pests.Crop losses can occur when plant disease and pests are not treated properly. However, excessive use of chemical pesticide cause environmental damage.The objective of present study was to develop and evaluate control system of variable rate sprayer and its performance for precision farming. The methods consist of some sequential steps i.e. measuring disease and pest intensity and determine its respective dose then input itin microcontroller grid sequence; controlling several sprayer components, i.e. pump motor, solenoid valve, and proximity sensor for plant detection; and conducting performance test of sprayer prototype based on microcontroller data input. The results showed that in order to obtain appropriate flow rate correspond to disease and pest intensity, a PWM (pulse width modulation) ranged of 100-250, 217-592 rpm of motor speed, 2-10 sec/plant of spray duration, and 4-11 ml/s of flow rate, were used. The field test with data input, i.e. 120 plants, with 8.1% and 15.5% of disease intensity, 10 and 8.3 ml/sec/row (10m/row), and 20 and 60 sec/plant of spray duration; generated average actual results with 10.2 and 7.8 ml/sec/row of flow rate and 23.2 and 64.3 sec/plant of spray duration. The field test also indicates 91% of precision time of application.AbstrakPeningkatan produksi tanaman seringkali dihadapkan adanya gangguan hama dan penyakit. Kerugian besar bahkan kegagalan panen dapat terjadi bila gangguan tersebut tidak diatasi dengan baik. Penggunaan pestisida yang berlebihan membahayakan lingkungan dan kehidupan manusia akibat zat kimia yang terdapat pada pestisida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang, pabrikasi dan menguji kinerja prototipe sistem kontrol mesin sprayer dosis variabel untuk aplikasi penyemprotan pertanian presisi. Metode pengujian yang digunakan yaitu input intensitas serangan hama, dosis semprotan tiap serangan, dan urutan grid pada mikrokontroler, mengontrol komponen sprayer seperti motor pompa, solenoid valve, dan sensor jarak deteksi tanaman,menguji kinerja prototipe mesin sprayer berdasarkan input yang diberikanpada mikrokontroler, dan melakukan penyemprotan secara presisi. Hasil uji laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa untuk mencapai debit semprotan yang sesuai dengan intensitas serangan hama digunakan PWM 100-250, kecepatan motor 217-592 rpm, lama semprotan 2-10 detik/tanaman, dan debit 4-11 ml/detik. Hasil pengujian lapangan pada 120 tanaman dilakukan penyemprotan dengan debit 10 ml/detik setiapblok sepanjang 10 m pada intensitas serangan hama 8.1% diperoleh lama semprotan 20 detik. Sedangkan penyemprotan dengan debit 8.3 ml/detik per blok tanaman yang sama pada intensitas serangan hama 15.5% diperoleh lama semprotan 60 detik. Sehingga hasil pengujian lapang diperoleh lama penyemprotan rata-rata 23.2 detik dengan debit semprotan aktual 10.2 ml/detik dan 64.3 detik untuk debit semprotanaktual 7.8 ml/detik. Perbandingan antara prediksi dan aktual diperoleh akurasi penyemprotan sebesar 91%.
Karakterisasi Arang dan Gas-gas Hasil Pirolisis Limbah Kelapa Sawit Muhammad Raju; Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan; Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016): JURNAL KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2083.954 KB) | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.04.2.%p

Abstract

AbstractEmpty fruit bunch (EFB) and shell of oil palm are potential sources of bioenergy because they contain lignocellulose (cellulose, hemycellulose and lignin) which can be converted to bio-oil (liquid), char, or combustible gases by pyrolysis process. Operating temperature of the pyrolysis process will influence the composition of the liquid, char and gases, as well as its characteristics. The objective of this study is to characterize the pyrolysis product of both empty fruit bunch and shell as affected by the pyrolysis temperature. The experiment was conducted by using a lab scale pyrolysis reactor, specially designed with controlable temperature. The temperature of the pyrolysis process was controled at 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C level, and the product was measured and analysed. The result showed that pyrolysis of shell produced char, liquid and gases at the range of 34.99 - 63.78%, 22.76 - 43.28% and 13.47 - 21.73%, in mass fraction respectively. While pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch produced char, liquid and gases at the range of 30.66 - 64.7%, 16.25 - 29.16% and 18.98 - 44.49%, in mass fraction respectively. Increasing temperature resulted in increasing calorific value of the pyrolysis char from shell and empty fruit bunch in range of 25.64 – 29.60 kJ/g and 24.50 – 27.86 kJ/g, respectively. However, the calorific value of pyrolysis gases was decreasing with the increasing temperature in range of 12.18 kJ/g – 20.05 kJ/g and 11.98 kJ/g – 15.94 kJ/g, respectively. The gas calorific value did not account H2 gas, which might be the cause of the phenomenon. Shell pyrolysis temperature increasing caused the increasing of CO concentration in range 2.86% - 18.42% while the CH4 concentration increased at 400°C level afterwards decreased at higher temperature level in range of 0.89% - 2.84%. The increasing of EFB pyrolysis temperature increased CO dan CH4 concentration in range 3.8% - 15.74% and 0.29% - 0.76%, respectively.AbstrakCangkang dan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan sumber bioenergi yang potensial karena mengandung lignoselulosa (selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin) sehingga dapat dikonversi menjadi cairan, arang atau gas mampu bakar melalui proses pirolisis. Suhu pengoperasian pada proses pirolisis akan mempengaruhi komposisi cairan, arang dan gas serta karakteristik hasil pirolisis tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi produk pirolisis cangkang dan tandan kelapa sawit yang dipengaruhi oleh suhu pirolisis. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor pirolisis skala lab, yang didesain khusus agar suhunya dapat dikendalikan. Suhu pirolisis dikendalikan pada level 300°C, 400°C, 500°C dan 600°C, kemudian hasil pirolisis diukur dan dianalisa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pirolisis cangkang menghasilkan fraksi massa arang , cairan dan gas dalam rentang 34.99 - 63.78%, 22.76 - 43.28% dan 13.47 - 21.73% secara berturut-turut. Sedangkan pirolisis TKKS menghasilkan fraksi massa arang, cairan dan gas dalam rentang 30.66 – 64.76%, 16.25 – 29.16% dan 18.98 – 44.49% secara berturut-turut. Peningkatan suhu menghasilkan peningkatan nilai kalor arang hasil pirolisis cangkang dan TKKS dengan rentang antara 25.64 – 29.60 kJ/g dan 24.50 – 27.86 kJ/g. Tetapi, nilai kalor gas pirolisis menurun seiring dengan peningkatan suhu pirolisis dengan rentang 12.18 kJ/g – 20.05 kJ/g dan 11.98 kJ/g – 15.94 kJ/g untuk pirolisis cangkang dan TKKS. Nilai kalor gas tidak menghitung gas H2 yang mungkin menyebabkan fenomena tersebut. Peningkatan suhu pirolisis cangkang kelapa sawit mengakibatkan peningkatan konsentrasi gas CO pada rentang 2.8% - 18.42% sementara konsentrasi gas CH4 meningkat pada suhu 400°C namun menurun kembali dengan rentang 0.89% - 2.84%. Peningkatan suhu pirolisis TKKS meningkatkan konsentrasi gas CO dan CH4 pada rentang 3.81% - 15.74% dan 0.29% - 0.76%.