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Pengaruh Tipe Kultur Kontainer pada Keberhasilan Pembentukan Embrio Somatik Kakao Nur Ajijah; Cici Tresniawati; Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 6, No 2 (2019): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v6n2.2019.p89-98

Abstract

Container culture have an important role in determining the success of in vitro culture since it will affect the development of culture, such as the formation of embryonic structures. The study aimed to determine the effect of culture container types on cacao somatic embryogenesis. The study was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Superior Seed Development Unit of IAARD, Bogor, from April to September 2016. The tests were conducted on the effect of container and explant types as well as the effect of container types and genotypes. The effects of container and explant types were tested using callus induced from petal and staminoid explants of Sca 6, whereas the effects of container types and genotypes were tested using callus induced from petal explants of Sca 6 and ICCRI 4. Afterwards, the somatic embryos were induced using petri dishes or culture bottles according to treatment. The results showed no significant interaction between container and explant types on the average percentage of the formation and number of somatic embryos (10.28% embryos/explants in culture bottles and 7.89% embryos/explants in petri dishes). Meanwhile, there was significant interaction between genotypes and container types in the initial period of somatic embryos formation (15 and 18 weeks after culture), but the effect was not significant in the final period of observation (21 weeks after culture). The results indicate that culture bottles, which have lower prices, can be used to replace petri dishes to induce the formation of somatic embryos in cacao.
Pemanfaatan Teknik Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) Untuk Pengelompokan Secara Genetik Plasma Nutfah Jambu Mete (Annacardium occidentale L.) Enny Randriani; Cici Tresniawati; Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2012.p1-6

Abstract

Budidaya jambu mete di Indonesia selama ini belum menggunakan varietas unggul sehingga mengakibatkan rendahnya produksi, yaitu sekitar 493 kg/ha/tahun. Peningkatan genetik terkendala oleh kurangnya informasi tentang variabilitas genetik jambu mete. Dalam merakit suatu varietas unggul diperlukan variabilitas genetik yang luas dari plasma nutfah yang tersedia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat kekerabatan dan keragaman genetik koleksi plasma nutfah jambu mete berdasarkan profil pita DNA menggunakan teknik RAPD. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler BB-Biogen, Bogor mulai bulan Mei-November 2010. Materi genetik yang digunakan adalah JN26, Oniki1, Oniki2, Oniki3, Kodi4, NDR31, Nigeria P9, Nigeria P2, JN7, Srilanka, Mojokerto, Pamotan, Karimun, Larantuka, BO2, SM9, JT21 dengan menggunakan 25 primer. Adapun kegiatannya meliputi pengumpulan materi koleksi plasma nutfah jambu mete (17 aksesi). Dilanjutkan kegiatan di Laboratorium dengan tahapan-tahapan kegiatan, seperti ekstraksi dan purifikasi DNA, loading dan running produk PCR dan analisis RAPD serta analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari dua puluh lima primer PCR-RAPD yang digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi sebanyak 17 sampel jambu mete, terdapat 24 primer yang memberikan pita DNA, 21 di antaranya polimorfisme dan tiga primer menunjukkan monomorfis. Hasil analisis kekerabatan 17 sampel jambu mete dengan program NTSys 2.1 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi genetik yang cukup tinggi. Pada koefisien 88%, 17 jambu mete tersebut mengelompok menjadi lima, kelompok yang pertama terdiri dari delapan individu (Oniki1, Kodi4, JN26, NDR31, Srilanka, Mojokerto, Karimun, dan JT21), kelompok dua terdiri dari lima individu (Nigeria P9, B02, Nigeria P2, JN7, Pamotan), kelompok tiga terdiri dua individu (SM9, dan Larantuka), kelompok empat  terdiri dari satu individu (Oniki3), dan kelompok lima terdiri dari satu individu (Oniki2). Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Technique on grouping cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) germplasmABSTRACT Many cashew plantations in Indonesia do not use superior variety. As a result, national cashew production is only 493 kg/ha/year. Genetic improvement is limited by the lack of information of genetic variability of germplasm. Wide genetic variability in cashew germplasms is necessary to produce superior variety. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic variation and relationship of among cashew germplasms based on band pattern of DNA by using RAPD technique. The experiment was conducted at Molecular Biology Laboratory of BB-Biogen, Bogor since May till November 2009. Genetic materials used were JN26, Oniki1, Oniki2, Oniki3, Kodi4, NDR31, Nigeria P9, Nigeria P2, JN7, Srilanka, Mojokerto, Pamotan, Karimun, Larantuka, BO2, SM9, and JT21 by using 25 primers. The activity consisted of collecting of cashew germplasm (17 accessions), followed with laboratory activities such as: DNA extraction and purification, loading and running of PCR product, RAPD and data analysis. Results shows that 25 primers used were 24 primers shown DNA band pattern 21 of which there are polymorphism and 3 the monomorphism. Germplasm collection of cashew has wide variation. At 88% coefficient, 17 accessions of cashew were divided into five clusters. The first cluster  consisted of 8 individuals (Oniki 1, Kodi4, JN26, NDR31, Srilanka, Mojokerto, Karimun, dan JT 21), the second cluster of five individuals (Nigeria P9, B02, Nigeria P2, JN7, Pamotan ), third cluster two individuals (SM9 and Larantuka), the fourth cluster of one individual (Oniki3) and the fifth cluster consisted of one individual (Oniki2).  
Pendugaan Daya Gabung dan Heritabilitas Beberapa Karakter Agronomis pada Populasi Generasi F1 Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Cici Tresniawati; Dani Dani; Ilham Nur Ardi Wicaksono; Rubiyo Rubiyo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n2.2014.p119-124

Abstract

Informasi mengenai parameter genetik diperlukan sebagai dasar penentuan tetua dalam perakitan varietas hibrida. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui daya gabung umum (DGU) dan daya gabung khusus (DGK) tetua dari 10 populasi F1 kakao hasil persilangan dialel 5 x 5 tanpa selfing dan tanpa resiprok. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan (KP.) Sumber Asin, Malang, Jawa Timur dari bulan April sampai Oktober 2013. Tetua yang digunakan adalah DR1 (kakao edel) dan ICCRI 03, TSH 858, ICS 13, dan Sca 6 (kakao lindak). Karakter yang diamati adalah lingkar batang, tinggi jorket, persentase tanaman berbunga, dan persentase tanaman berbuah. Data karakter tersebut dianalisis ragamnya menggunakan metode Griffing 4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan klon TSH 858 memiliki efek DGU paling tinggi untuk karakter lingkar batang dan persentase tanaman berbunga, sedangkan klon Sca 6 untuk tinggi jorket. Kedua klon tersebut berpotensi untuk dijadikan tetua persilangan dalam pembentukan varietas sintetis. Nilai DGK paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh kombinasi tetua DR 1 x Sca 6 untuk karakter lingkar batang, persentase tanaman berbunga, dan persentase tanaman berbuah, sedangkan kombinasi TSH 858 x DR 1 memperlihatkan nilai paling tinggi untuk karakter tinggi jorket. Kedua kombinasi tetua tersebut potensial dijadikan alternatif dalam perakitan varietas hibrida.Kata kunci: Kakao mulia, kakao lindak, Daya Gabung Khusus, Daya Gabung Umum, Griffing 4, heritabilitasKnowledge about genetic parameters is important for plant breeders as a basis for determining potential parent in hybrid breeding programs. The objectives of this study was to evaluate general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) in F1 population of cocoa derived from diallel crossing of 5 x 5 without selfing and reciprocal. The experiment was conducted at the Sumber Asin experimental station, Malang, East Java, from April to October 2013. The parental clones used are ICCRI 03, TSH 858, Sca 6, ICS 13 (bulk cacao) dan DR 1 (fine cacao). Observations on agronomic characters including trunk girth, jorquette height, percent of flowering, and percent of fruiting were carried out on individual plants. Variance analysis was perfomed by Griffing Method type 4. The result showed that TSH 858 clone has the highest GCA effect on trunk girth and percent of flowering (TSH 858), while Sca 6 clone was significant only for jorquette height. Both of those clones would be potential as parent in assembling new variety, particularly to gain the large trunk girth and high jorquette. On the other hand, the highest SCA value indicated by the combination of DR 1 x Sca 6 for trunk girth, percent of flowering and percent of fruiting, whereas the combination of TSH 858 x DR 1 showed the highest value for jorquette height. Both of these parent combinations are prospective as an alternative in the assembly of new hybrid varieties.
Seleksi Genotipe Unggul Kopi Robusta Spesifik Lokasi Dani Dani; Cici Tresniawati; Enny Randriani
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2013.p139-144

Abstract

Seleksi genotipe unggul kopi Robusta yang memiliki karakteristik biji besar, kandungan kafein rendah, dan citarasa baik sangat penting dilakukan dalam rangka meningkatkan nilai ekonomi kopi Robusta di pasar global. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan seleksi genotipe kopi Robusta terbaik berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria tersebut di atas. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian pada bulan Januari-Desember 2012. Bahan seleksi berupa populasi lima genotipe kopi Robusta hasil seleksi petani (MCJ-1, SCJ-1, PKCJ-1, PHCJ-1, dan SuCJ-1) yang telah banyak dibudidayakan di wilayah Kabupaten Curup, Provinsi Bengkulu. Kriteria seleksi berdasarkan karakteristik mutu fisik dan morfometrik biji beras, kandungan kafein, dan mutu citarasa seduhan. Pengujian mutu fisik biji beras, kandungan kafein, dan mutu citarasa seduhan dilaksanakan di Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia, Jember. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa genotipe PKCJ-1 memiliki karakteristik ukuran biji paling besar dan kandungan kafein paling rendah. Genotipe PHCJ-1 dan SCJ-1 paling baik dalam hal citarasa dan telah memenuhi kategori salah satu kriteria kopi spesialti. Dengan demikian, berdasarkan kriteria seleksi yang telah ditetapkan, ketiganya terpilih sebagai genotipe harapan.Kata Kunci: Kopi Robusta, seleksi genotipe, kafein rendah, mutu citarasaSelection of Robusta coffee genotypes which have superior characteristics, such as large beans size, low caffeine content, and good cup quality taste, is essential in order to increase its economic value in the world market. The objectives of the research was to select the superior genotype(s) of Robusta coffee based on characteristics as mentioned above. The research was carried out at Januari to December 2012. Material used was five genotypes of farmer-selected Robusta coffee (MCJ-1, SCJ-1, PKCJ-1, PHCJ-1, and SuCJ-1) recently grown in many areas across Curup Regency, Bengkulu Province. Selection criteria was physical quality and morphometric characteristics of green beans, caffeine content, and cup quality. The laboratory test was conducted at the Center for Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember. The results showed that the genotype of PKCJ-1 has the largest in size of bean and the lowest in caffeine content. On the other hand, PHCJ-1 and SCJ-1 genotypes are the best in terms of taste and meets of ones criteria for specialty coffee grade. Thus, these three genotypes were selected as a candidate of superior genotypes.
Analisis Daya Gabung dan Korelasi Karakter Jumlah Buah Kakao pada Persilangan Setengah Dialel Nur Kholilatul Izzah; Ilham Nur Ardhi Wicaksono; Cici Tresniawati; Edi Wardiana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 6, No 3 (2019): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v6n3.2019.p99-108

Abstract

Analysis of combining ability and correlation between characters in cacao plays an important role and benefits in an effort to obtain superior high-yield genetic material. This analysis makes it easy to find out the best combination of parents in producing superior progeny. The study aimed to analyze the combining ability and correlation of cacao pod numbers in F1 population generated from half-diallel crossing. The study was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station, Sukabumi, West Java, at an altitude of 450 m above sea level with Latosol soil type and B climate type (Schmidt and Fergusson), from 2014 until 2018. The experiment was arranged using a randomized block design (RBD) with 10 combinations of half-diallel crossing method that were repeated three times. The parental genotypes used were ICCRI 03, TSH 858, DR 1, ICS 13, and SCA 6. The variables observed were the number of healthy pods, number of rotten pods, number of cherelle wilts, and total pod numbers. The combining ability was analyzed using the Griffing 4 method, while correlation analysis was carried out phenotypically and genotypically.The results showed the action of non-additive genes in the F1 generation and three combinations of crosses, namely ICCRI 03 x TSH 858, TSH 858 x DR 1, and ICS 13 x SCA 6 had the opportunity to be developed into superior hybrids. In addition, it is known that there were phenotypic and genotypic positive correlations between the observed pod component characters.
Hubungan Antar Karakter Vegetatif, Komponen Hasil, dan Daya Hasil Kopi Robusta Asal Sambung Tunas Plagiotrop Enny Randriani; Dani Dani; Cici Tresniawati; Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n2.2014.p109-116

Abstract

Seleksi klon unggul kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) biasanya memerlukan waktu yang lama sehingga diperlukan pendekatan-pendekatan yang mampu mempersingkat waktu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis korelasi antar karakter vegetatif, komponen hasil, dan daya hasil kopi Robusta hasil sambung tunas plagiotrop. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Suka Rami, Kecamatan Bermani Ulu, Kabupaten Curup, Bengkulu dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2012. Delapan karakter vegetatif, 13 karakter komponen hasil, dan dua karakter daya hasil diamati pada pertanaman kopi Robusta hasil sambung tunas plagiotrop umur tiga tahun. Korelasi antar karakter dan analisis faktor dilakukan menggunakan SPSS 11.5 for Windows. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa karakter daya hasil (produksi buah dan produksi biji beras per pohon) kopi Robusta yang diperbanyak melalui sambung tunas plagiotrop memiliki hubungan yang positif secara kuat dengan lima karakter lainnya, yaitu jumlah cabang sekunder, bobot 100 buah, panjang biji gabah, panjang biji beras, dan bobot 100 biji beras. Oleh sebab itu, kelima karakter tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai kriteria seleksi positif untuk produktivitas tinggi kopi Robusta yang dikembangkan melalui sambung tunas plagiotrop.Kata kunci: Coffea canephora, seleksi klon, sambung pucuk, tunas plagiotropSelection of Robusta (Coffea canephora) elite clones usually takes a long time, therefore an effective approach is needed to shorten the time. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between the vegetative characters, yield and yield components of Robusta coffee derived from plagiotroph bud grafting. The research was conducted in the Suka Rami village, District of Bermani Ulu, Curup, Bengkulu Province from January to December 2012. Eight vegetative characters, 13 characters of yield components, and two yield characters were observed at three years old Robusta coffee plantation which derived from plagiotroph bud grafting. The correlation between the characters and factor analysis performed using SPSS 11.5 for Windows. The analysis showed that the character of the number of secondary branches, weight of 100 coffee fruits, long grain bean, long grain rice, and weight of 100 grains of bean showed a very strong positive correlation with yield characters. Thus, these five characters can be used as selection criteria to obtain superior genotypes of Robusta coffee that developed through plagiotroph bud grafting.
Variabilitas Genetik 11 Klon Kakao Lokal dari Sumatera Barat Berdasarkan Marka SSR Cici Tresniawati; Nur Kholilatul Izzah; Indah Sulistiyorini; Ilham Nur Ardhi Wicaksono
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2017.p79-88

Abstract

Indonesia is the third largest cacao producing-country in the world and known having many superior local clones, such as that found in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra.  However, there is lack of information about genetic background of those local cacao clones.  This  study aimed to assess genetic variability of 11 local cacao clones collected from Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra using SSR markers.  The research was conducted in the Integrated Laboratory, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from August to November 2016.  The genetic variabilities of local cacao studied were compared with 9 national varieties as reference genomes.  Total genomic DNA of the plants was isolated using CTAB method. Cacao DNA was amplified using 18 SSR markers to determine their genetic variability.  Afterward, the amplified DNA was separated using 6% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The result exhibited that 12 markers were polymorphic. Further analysis of these polymorphic markers using PowerMarker program revealed a total of 83 alleles were obtained from all cacao clones analyzed.  Meanwhile, PIC values ranged from 0.55 to 0.86 with an average of 0.70.  A genetic similarity matrix based on UPGMA revealed three main groups at 68% similarity coefficients. Interestingly, all of the 11 local cacao clones were clearly distinguished each other and also from the national varieties.  The result demonstrated the usefulness of SSR markers for discriminating local cacao clones. Further study is required to use these local clones in cacao breeding programs.
Penentuan Karakter Tanaman Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Hasil Kemiri [Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.] Cici Tresniawati; Nur Kholilatul Izzah; Ilham Nur Ardhi Wicaksono; Indah Sulistyorini; Edi Wardiana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 6, No 3 (2019): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v6n3.2019.p127-134

Abstract

Candlenut [Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.] is a perrenial plant that has high economic value. Information about vegetative and generative characters, as well as yield components that influence the yield is needed in the early stages of selection process in plant breeding. Selection of these characters can be done using Sequential Path Analysis (SPA) according to the plant development cycle, and then confirm the model using the Structural equation modeling (SEM) method. The aim of this study was to determine the vegetative characters and yield components that influence the candlenut production. The research was carried out at Pakuwon Experimental Station, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi, from January to December 2018. Plant materials used in this study was 129 candlenut trees at 9 years old which were planted with a spacing of 10m x 10m. The data were analyzed using SPA followed by model confirmation using SEM method. The results showed that the production of seed was directly and positively influenced by the leaf petiole length, number of productive branches, seed weight, and number of fruits per tree, while the effect of stem height character is indirectly. Based on these results, plant selection based on vegetative characters such as leaf petiole length, number of productive branches, stem height character, number of fruits per tree and seed weight can be used to obtain high-yielding candlenut plants.
Co-Authors Dani Dani Edi Wardiana ENNY RANDRIANI Ilham Nur Ardhi Wicaksono Ilham Nur Ardi Wicaksono Indah Sulistiyorini Indah Sulistyorini NUR AJIJAH Nur Kholilatul Izzah Nur Kholilatul Izzah Rubiyo Rubiyo Syafaruddin Syafaruddin Syafaruddin Syafaruddin