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All Journal Jurnal Periodic Jurusan Kimia UNP JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TAMBUSAI Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Scholastic Pelita Eksakta MASALIQ: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sains SAINTI: Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Industri
Umar Kalmar Nizar
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Religion Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Education Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics Social Sciences Other

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Penggunaan Karbon Daun Aren dan Bleaching Earth dalam Penjernihan Bertahap Minyak Jelantah Aura Dwi Qalbi; Umar Kalmar Nizar
MASALIQ Vol 6 No 5 (2026): MASALIQ: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sains
Publisher : Lembaga Yasin AlSys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/masaliq.v6i5.11627

Abstract

Repeated use of cooking oil causes a decline in oil quality due to the formation of free fatty acids, polar compounds, and oxidation products. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of variations in the composition of sugar palm leaf carbon (Arenga pinnata) and bleaching earth on the quality of used cooking oil through an adsorption-based purification process. Sugar palm leaf carbon was obtained through carbonization at 300 °C for 1 hour and was then characterized using proximate analysis. The purification process was conducted using three adsorbent compositions, namely K75-B25, K50-B50, and K25-B75. Adsorption effectiveness was evaluated based on density, flow rate, acid value, and saponification value. The proximate analysis results showed that sugar palm leaf carbon had a moisture content of 4.49%, a volatile matter content of 2.20%, an ash content of 9.00%, and a fixed carbon content of 88.8%. All treatment variations improved the quality of used cooking oil compared with the untreated sample. The K75-B25 treatment demonstrated the best performance, with the lowest density of 0.9407 g/mL, the highest flow rate of 0.3227 mL/s, the lowest acid value of 4.8378 mg KOH/g, and the highest saponification value of 50.9149 mg KOH/g. These findings indicate that increasing the proportion of sugar palm leaf carbon resulted in greater adsorption effectiveness than increasing the proportion of bleaching earth. Thus, sugar palm leaf carbon combined with bleaching earth has the potential to be used as an alternative adsorbent to improve the physicochemical characteristics of used cooking oil through a purification process.
Efektivitas Campuran Karbon Kulit Umbi Talas (Colocasia esculenta) dan Bleaching Earth untuk Penjernihan Minyak Jelantah Popy Meylani; Umar Kalmar Nizar
MASALIQ Vol 6 No 5 (2026): MASALIQ: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sains
Publisher : Lembaga Yasin AlSys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/masaliq.v6i5.11628

Abstract

Purification of used cooking oil is necessary to reduce the content of impurity compounds formed during repeated use so that the physicochemical quality of the oil can be improved. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a mixture of taro corm peel carbon (Colocasia esculenta) and bleaching earth as an adsorbent in the purification of used cooking oil. The carbon was prepared by carbonizing taro corm peel at 250 °C for 1 hour and was then combined with bleaching earth in five adsorbent compositions, namely K100, K75BE25, K50BE50, K25BE75, and BE100. The adsorption process was conducted using 5 g of adsorbent in 100 mL of used cooking oil with stirring at 200 rpm for 60 minutes at room temperature. The carbon characteristics were analyzed based on moisture content, ash content, and fixed carbon content, whereas the quality of the purified oil was evaluated based on acid value, saponification value, density, and flow rate. The characterization results showed that taro corm peel carbon had a moisture content of 2.93%, an ash content of 8.49%, and a fixed carbon content of 88.58%. Variations in adsorbent composition affected the quality of used cooking oil after purification, with the K50BE50 treatment demonstrating the best performance based on the lowest acid value and better saponification value, density, and flow rate than the other treatments. These findings indicate that a balanced composition of taro corm peel carbon and bleaching earth produced the most effective adsorption process. The combination of these two adsorbents has the potential to be developed as an effective, economical, and environmentally friendly biomass-based alternative adsorbent for improving the quality of used cooking oil.
Pemanfaatan Karbon Aktif Daun Serai (Cymbopogon citratus) dan Bleaching Earth dalam Penjernihan Minyak Jelantah Fetria Rahayu Wendi Yanti; Umar Kalmar Nizar
MASALIQ Vol 5 No 3 (2025): MASALIQ: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sains
Publisher : Lembaga Yasin AlSys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/masaliq.v5i3.6036

Abstract

Used cooking oil is a household waste with the potential to pollute the environment and pose health risks if discarded improperly or reused without adequate treatment. This study aims to purify used cooking oil through a two-stage adsorption method using activated carbon derived from lemongrass leaves and Bleaching Earth. In the first stage, activated carbon was synthesized from lemongrass leaves calcined for 60 minutes and activated with 2N NaOH solution, followed by the addition of Bleaching Earth in the second stage. The quality of the oil before and after purification was assessed through analyses of density, acid number, saponification value, moisture content, and infrared spectrum (FTIR). The results indicate that activated carbon calcined for 60 minutes (MJ-C60) yielded the best outcome, reducing density to 0.9414 g/mL, lowering moisture content from 0.34% to 0.16%, and increasing the saponification value from 41.5650 to 63.7075 mg KOH/g. The acid number also decreased from 13.2302 to 8.3288 mg KOH/g. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of ester C=O groups around 1743 cm⁻¹ and aliphatic C–H absorption bands at 2850–2950 cm⁻¹, indicating that the triglyceride structure remained intact. These findings demonstrate that the combination of activated carbon from lemongrass leaves and Bleaching Earth is effective in improving the clarity and physicochemical quality of used cooking oil, while offering an environmentally friendly solution based on organic waste utilization.
Peningkatan Pemurnian Minyak Jelantah melalui Sistem Adsorben Ganda: Bleaching Earth dan Karbon dari Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao L) Esssylia Afriyanti Utami; Umar Kalmar Nizar; Sri Benti Etika
MASALIQ Vol 5 No 3 (2025): MASALIQ: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sains
Publisher : Lembaga Yasin AlSys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/masaliq.v5i3.6039

Abstract

Used cooking oil (minyak jelantah) is a household and industrial waste product that poses environmental risks and undergoes significant quality degradation due to the breakdown of chemical compounds during repeated use. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of activated carbon derived from cocoa pod husk waste and bleaching earth in improving the quality of used cooking oil. The research was conducted experimentally in the laboratory of Universitas Negeri Padang using used cooking oil obtained from local vendors. Activated carbon was prepared by calcining cocoa pod husks at 350°C for varying durations of 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes, followed by activation with 1M NaOH solution. The purification process was carried out in stages through the addition of activated carbon and bleaching earth under controlled heating conditions. Parameters analyzed included acid number, moisture content, density, saponification value, and functional group characterization using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that the most effective adsorbent combination was achieved with activated carbon calcined for 60 minutes, which reduced the acid number from 14.92 to 5.09 mg KOH/g, decreased moisture content to 0.11%, and increased the saponification value to 75.30 mg KOH/g. The FTIR spectrum showed reduced intensity in functional groups associated with degradation, indicating effective purification. In conclusion, the combination of activated carbon from cocoa pod husk waste and bleaching earth is proven effective in improving the physicochemical quality of used cooking oil, while also demonstrating the potential for sustainable and environmentally friendly use of agricultural waste as raw material for adsorbents.
Optimasi Waktu Kalsinasi Karbon Aktif dari Bunga Cemara Laut (Casuarina equisetifolia) dalam Kombinasi dengan Bleaching Earth untuk Pemurnian Minyak Jelantah Radhiatul Fadila; Umar Kalmar Nizar
MASALIQ Vol 5 No 3 (2025): MASALIQ: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sains
Publisher : Lembaga Yasin AlSys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/masaliq.v5i3.6040

Abstract

Used cooking oil is a byproduct of repeated frying processes that undergoes quality degradation due to continuous oxidation and heating, resulting in harmful compounds such as free fatty acids, peroxides, and polymers. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of purifying used cooking oil using a combination of two adsorbents: activated carbon derived from Casuarina equisetifolia (beach she-oak) flowers activated with NaOH, and bleaching earth. Activated carbon was synthesized through calcination at varying durations of 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes to determine the optimal condition. The oil quality was evaluated by measuring acid number, saponification value, density, moisture content, and functional group analysis using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that activated carbon calcined for 60 minutes produced the best outcomes, reducing the acid number from 14.92 to 5.07 mg KOH/g, increasing the saponification value to 43.33 mg KOH/g, achieving a density of 0.8693 g/mL in accordance with national standards (SNI), and reducing moisture content to 0.4330%. FTIR analysis showed decreased intensity in carbonyl groups and the disappearance of hydroxyl groups, indicating effective removal of polarized and oxidized compounds. These findings demonstrate that the combination of activated carbon from Casuarina equisetifolia flowers and bleaching earth is an effective and environmentally friendly purification method, supporting the sustainable use of biomass waste as adsorbent material.
Formulasi Gel Hand Sanitizer Berbahan Lidah Buaya dan Jeruk Nipis serta Aktivitas Antibakterinya terhadap Escherichia coli Dinda Aulia Rahmi; Umar Kalmar Nizar; Desy Kurniawati
MASALIQ Vol 6 No 5 (2026): MASALIQ: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sains
Publisher : Lembaga Yasin AlSys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/masaliq.v6i5.11851

Abstract

The use of natural ingredient-based hand sanitizers represents an alternative approach to developing practical antiseptic preparations that may provide comfort to the skin. This study aimed to formulate hand sanitizer gels containing aloe vera gel (Aloe vera) and lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia) at several concentration variations and to evaluate their physical characteristics and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The study employed a laboratory experimental method with four formulations, namely F0, F1, F2, and F3, which differed in the amounts of aloe vera gel and lime juice. The preparation evaluation included homogeneity, organoleptic characteristics, pH, and antibacterial activity. The results showed that all formulations remained in gel form throughout the observation period, with variations in color and aroma influenced by the addition of natural ingredients. The pH values of all formulations ranged from 5.0 to 5.5, namely 5.0 for F0, 5.1 for F1, 5.4 for F2, and 5.5 for F3. Antibacterial testing showed the growth of E. coli in F0, whereas no bacterial growth was visually observed in F1, F2, F3, or the positive control. Nevertheless, all formulations still exhibited slight clumping, and the antibacterial testing conducted remained qualitative. These findings indicate that the combination of aloe vera gel and lime juice has the potential to be developed as natural ingredients in hand sanitizer formulations. Quantitative antibacterial testing and further stability evaluation are required to confirm the effectiveness and quality of the preparations.
Pemanfaatan Karbon dari Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus) untuk Penjernihan Minyak Jelantah Hasil Penggorengan Telur Gulung Nazahra Machelvi; Umar Kalmar Nizar
MASALIQ Vol 6 No 5 (2026): MASALIQ: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sains
Publisher : Lembaga Yasin AlSys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/masaliq.v6i5.11867

Abstract

Although biomass has been widely utilized as an adsorbent for purifying used cooking oil, the use of pineapple peel carbon (Ananas comosus) as an adsorbent for used cooking oil from frying rolled eggs (MJTG) remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the effects of varying masses of pineapple peel carbon carbonized at 300°C (K-KBN) on the characteristics of MJTG. The study employed a quantitative approach with a laboratory experimental design by adding 1, 3, and 5 g of K-KBN to 100 mL of MJTG at 160°C for one hour. The characteristics of MJTG were analyzed based on density, flow rate, acid value, and saponification value, whereas the quality of K-KBN was determined through proximate analysis. The results showed that the addition of K-KBN reduced the acid value from 45.32 to 13.59 mg KOH/g, increased the flow rate from 1.5 to 3.0 mL/s, and increased the saponification value from 200 to 370 mg KOH/g. The lowest density of 0.48 g/mL was obtained with the addition of 3 g of K-KBN. The moisture and volatile matter contents of K-KBN were 7.15% and 14.36%, respectively, thereby meeting the requirements of SNI 06-3730-1995. Based on the acid value, flow rate, and saponification value, the addition of 5 g of K-KBN produced the best treatment. These findings indicate that pineapple peel carbon has the potential to serve as a natural and economical adsorbent for purifying used cooking oil while supporting the utilization of biomass waste as a value-added adsorbent material.
Pembuatan Edible Film Berbasis Tapioka dengan Penambahan Gelatin dan Aplikasinya pada Kemasan Permen Komersial Afiifah Kaltsum; Umar Kalmar Nizar; Desy Kurniawati
MASALIQ Vol 6 No 5 (2026): MASALIQ: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sains
Publisher : Lembaga Yasin AlSys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/masaliq.v6i5.11945

Abstract

Commercial candies are generally packaged using conventional plastics that are difficult to degrade and may cause chemical compounds to migrate into food products. Meanwhile, tapioca has the potential to be developed as a raw material for edible films but is limited by its hydrophilic properties and low mechanical strength. This study aimed to produce a tapioca-based edible film with gelatin added as a structural reinforcement and to evaluate its physical and functional characteristics for commercial candy packaging applications. The edible film was produced by gelatinizing 5 g of tapioca in 100 mL of distilled water with the addition of 7.5 mL of glycerol and gelatin at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% for formulations F1, F2, and F3, respectively, along with a control formulation without gelatin. The films were then cast and dried at 60 °C for 24 h. Characterization included testing moisture content, biodegradability through a seven-day soil burial test, swelling capacity, and functional groups using FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that the moisture content increased with increasing gelatin concentration, ranging from 11.9% to 15.5%, and all formulations met the maximum threshold of 16% stipulated in SNI 06-3735-1995. The highest biodegradability was obtained for F3 at 81%, exceeding the threshold of more than 60% stipulated in SNI 7188.7:2016. Water absorption capacity also increased with increasing gelatin concentration, from 47.2% in the control formulation to 74.0% in F3. The FTIR spectra revealed amide I bands at 1643–1646 cm⁻¹ and amide II bands at 1542–1543 cm⁻¹ in all gelatin-containing samples, confirming the successful incorporation of gelatin into the tapioca matrix without disrupting the glycosidic bonds of starch. These findings indicate that the formulation containing 3% gelatin exhibited the highest biodegradability, although it also produced the greatest water absorption capacity. Overall, tapioca–gelatin-based edible films have the potential to be developed as a biodegradable alternative for candy packaging to support the reduction of plastic waste in small- and medium-scale food industries.
METODE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY UNTUK MENDETEKSI KANDUNGAN LOGAM BESI (Fe) DAN MERKURI (Hg) DALAM LIMBAH OUTLET Risma Sari; Nola Gusvita; Umar Kalmar Nizar; Charles Banon
SAINTI: Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Industri Vol. 20 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Politeknik ATI Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52759/sainti.v20i1.194

Abstract

Limbah menjadi persoalan kontemporer seiring kepadatan penduduk yang semakin meningkat. Setiap rumah tangga yang tinggal di perkotaan pasti akan membutuhkan tempat pembuangan air limbah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan kadar logam besi dan merkuri. Ini dilakukan untuk memastikan kadar dari logam besi dan merkuri yang ada pada outlet sesuai dengan persyaratan yang telah ditetapkan. Efek samping dari logam besi dan merkuri jika pada outlet didapatkan jumlah kadarnya yang terlalu banyak maka outlet tersebut tidak dapat dialirkan langsung ke pemukiman warga, yang jika dialirkan maka dapat membahayakan kesehatan dari masyarakat. Uji kuantitatif yang yang dilakukan untuk menentukan kadar logam besi dengan metode nyala api secara atomic absorption spectrophotometry pada panjang gelombang 248.3 nm dan menentukan kadar logam merkuri dengan metode Mercury Vaporizer Unit (MVU) secara atomic absorption spectrophotometry pada panjang gelombang 253.7 nm. Hasil pengujian kadar logam besi pada sampel outlet yaitu sebesar 0.1969 mg/L. Sedangkan kadar merkuri pada sampel outlet yaitu sebesar 0.0012 mg/L, berdasarkan PerMenLH RI No 05 tahun 2014 dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar logam besi (Fe) dan merkuri (Hg) yang terkandung di dalam air limbah outlet berada di bawah baku mutu lingkungan yang telah ditetapkan
Co-Authors Afiifah Kaltsum Alizar Ulianas Andrian Khasvarof Aura Dwi Qalbi Budhi Oktavia Charles Banon Della Rosalynna Stiadi DESY KURNIAWATI Dinda Aulia Rahmi Dini Hayati Nufuz Edi Nasra Esssylia Afriyanti Utami Fajar Sa'bandi Fauzana Gazali Fetria Rahayu Wendi Yanti Hary Sanjaya Hemalia Fika, Miva ` Iryani Iryani Miftahul Khair Mila Hasna Zalfa Minda Azhar Muhammad Patly Mulia, Melindra Nadya Alexandra Nazahra Machelvi Nola Gusvita Popy Meylani Radhiatul Fadila Randy Lesmana Putra Risma Sari Rita Sundari Sri Benti Etika Suryelita . Syamsi Aini Trisna Kumala Sari Vegi Kurnia Navida