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Experimental and Kinetic Modeling of Galactose Valorization to Levulinic Acid Retno Ringgani; Muhammad Mufti Azis; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Arief Budiman
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2022: BCREC Volume 17 Issue 2 Year 2022 (June 2022)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.2.14032.451-465

Abstract

Levulinic acid, a versatile chemical building block, was derived from C6-sugar galactose using sulfuric acid as the catalyst. Galactose is monosaccharide of polysaccharides constituent that is mostly contained in third generation biomass, macro-microalgae. It currently receives high attention to be a source of renewable feedstock. The effect of temperature, catalyst concentration and initial substrate loadings were studied for 60 min, in the temperature range of 150–190 °C, acid concentration of 0.25–0.75 M and initial substrate loading of 0.05–0.25 M. The highest levulinic acid yield of 40.08 wt% was achieved under the following conditions: 0.05 M galactose, 0.75 M acid concentration, 170 °C temperature, and 40 min reaction time. The kinetic model was developed by first order pseudo-irreversible reaction. The results showed that the proposed model could capture the experimental data well. These results suggested that galactose, derived from macro- and micro-algae, can potentially be converted and applied for platform chemicals. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis Process of Sengon Sawdust by Using Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst: Proses Pirolisis Berbantuan Gelombang Mikro Serbuk Gergaji Sengon Laut Dengan Katalis Ni/Al2O3 Wulandari, Lisa Ayu; Azis, Muhammad Mufti
Procedia of Engineering and Life Science Vol. 4 (2023): Proceedings of the 6th Seminar Nasional Sains 2023
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

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Abstract

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) process is one of the alternative biomass pyrolysis processes currently being developed. This process aims to increase the yield of bio-oil and reduce residues during the pyrolysis process. One of the challenges faced in this process is the low thermal conductivity of the biomass which will also affect the quality of the bio-oil produced. The addition of a catalyst is intended to increase the yield of bio-oil and the quality of bio-oil. In addition, this process is also carried out by adding an absorber to increase the thermal conductivity of the biomass. Ni/Al2O3 catalyst was synthesized by wet impregnation method with variations of 8%, 11% and 12.5% ​​nickel loading. Furthermore, the catalyst was mixed with sawdust of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and coconut charcoal as absorber. The microwave is set at a maximum temperature of 500 °C with an operating time of 60 minutes. Pyrolysis results showed that the addition of catalyst and absorbent was able to increase bio-oil production, with the percentage of bio-oil being 25.2%, 27%, and 33% respectively compared to pyrolysis without catalyst which only reached 11%. GC-MS analysis of bio-oil showed various hydrocarbon components in each variation, with the main components being phenol and benzene.
Thermal Stability Test and Formulation of Sodium Lignosulfonate with Isoamyl Alcohol as EOR Surfactant Andriani, Anisa Novi; Azis, Muhammad Mufti; Purwono, Suryo
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2023: PROSIDING SNTKK 2023
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan"

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Abstract

Sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) is a promising low-cost surfactant that can be prepared from biomass. There has been large interest to utilize SLS as a chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) surfactant. For that purpose, SLS is often mixed with other chemicals such as alcohols. The aim of this study was to find the best formulation of mixed-surfactant and to perform its thermal stability. The resulting mixed-surfactant was then characterized with variety of tests: aqueous stability, phase behavior, and IFT values. We found that a mixture that consists of 50 wt.% SLS, 30 wt.% Isoamyl Alcohol, and 20 wt.% of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) soap gave ultralow IFT at 1.864 × 10-3 mN/m. Phase behavior test shows that 1 wt% of mixed-surfactant formed a Winsor Type III. Subsequently, thermal stability test was conducted at 70°C for 90 days. The results showed that the IFT value fluctuates within the range of 10-3 mN/m for the first three weeks. After three weeks, the IFT values tend to increase to 10-2 mN/m until the end of the test. Hence, although ultralow IFT was achieved in the beginning of the test, further study is needed to improve the long-term stability of the present mixed-surfactant
Preparation and Characterization of Ni/H-ZSM-5 Catalysts for Producing Green Diesel from Palmitic Acid Kurniati, Sayekti; Azis, Muhammad Mufti; Dwiatmoko, Adid Adep
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2023: PROSIDING SNTKK 2023
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan"

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Abstract

Biofuel is a promising alternative as a sustainable energy resource in the transportation sector in Indonesia. Green diesel is one of biofuels that can be produced from feedstock containing fatty acid. Fatty acid conversion to green diesel can be conducted via hydrodecarboxylation or hydrodeoxygenation process. Catalyst Ni/H-ZSM-5 is a potential catalyst to convert fatty acid to n-alkane which is the main component in green diesel. In this work, we prepared Ni/H-ZSM-5 catalyst with various Ni loading of 7%, 13%, 18%, and 25%, respectively. The catalysts were synthesized according to a simple incipient wetness impregnation method. Those catalysts were characterized with X-ray fluorescence, Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and NH3-TPD. The highest nickel-loading catalyst, Ni 25%/H-ZSM-5, gave the best dispersion. NH3-TPD results showed the presence of two acid sites, namely Brønsted acid site and Lewis acid site. The presence of Brønsted acid sites is crucial to facilitate fatty acid conversion to n-alkane.
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Corn Cob Using Fe-Ni/Char Catalyst Safitri, Mutia; Azis, Muhammad Mufti; Wintoko, Joko; Kristanto, Jonas; Caroko, Novi
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2023: PROSIDING SNTKK 2023
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan"

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Abstract

There is a growing interest to convert biomass waste such as corn cob to biofuel. Thermal conversion such as pyrolisis may play an important role to produce bio-oil. The objective of this research was to develop a kinetic study of catalytic pyrolysis of corn cob over Fe-Ni/Char catalyst using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The solid catalyst was prepared by impregnation method. The ratio of the percentages of Fe and Ni metals in the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis of the catalyst was close to 1:1, resulting in metal loading values of 2.5% (1.062% and 1.013%), 5% (2.291% and 2.794%), and 10% (4.947% and 5.417%) for the catalyst. The pyrolysis experiments were performed using various catalyst loadings of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10%. In addition, the present study also investigated the influence of heating rates of 5, 10, and 20 K min-1. Two isoconversion models, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) were utilized to determine the activation energies. The activation energies calculated using the KAS and OFW models revealed a consistent trend, with values of activation energy of corn cob pyrolysis around 124 - 303 kJ/mol and 133 - 313 kJ/mol, respectively.
Demineralisasi Batubara Berkadar Abu Tinggi dengan Leaching Menggunakan Alkali Ikhsana, Mifta Aulia; Azis, Muhammad Mufti; Purwono, Suryo
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2023: PROSIDING SNTKK 2023
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan"

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Abstract

The study was comdustred on the demineralization of Jambi coal with high ash content as an effort to improve quality. The coal selected first crushed to -80 + 115 mesh. Demineralization was carried out using leacjing process with NaOH 20, 25, and 30% (%weight). The best parameter was used in subsequent leaching process to determine the effect of temperature of 50, 70, 90oC. The result showed that the percentage of demineralization increased with increasing demineralization reduction 34%
Mathematical modelling and simulation of hydrotropic delignification Indah Hartati; Wahyudi Budi Sediawan; Hary Sulistyo; Muhammad Mufti Azis; Moh Fahrurrozi
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 13 No 1 (2019): Volume 13, Number 1, 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Rekayasa Proses

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.42364

Abstract

Delignification is a fundamental step in bio-refinery for lignocellulose feedstock processing. Hydrotropic delignification is considered as a promising alternative compared to other conventional delignification processes due to the use of mild chemicals. In this paper, a quantitative description of hydrotropic delignification for a cylindrical biomass particle is presented by using fundamental concepts of chemical kinetics and transport processes. The development of hydrotropic delignification model was based on following assumptions: i) lignin in the biomass is immobile, ii) delignification is considered as a simultaneous process which involves intra-particle diffusion of hydrotropic agent followed by second order reaction for lignin and hydrotropic chemical, as well as intra-particle product diffusion. Finite difference approximation was applied to solve the resulting partial and ordinary differential equations. The simulation results of the proposed model may describe the concentration profiles of lignin, hydrotropic agent and soluble product distributions in a cylindrical solid particle as a function of radial position and time. In addition, the model could also predict the concentration of hydrotropic agent and soluble product in the liquid phase as well as the yield and conversion as a function of time. A local sensitivity analysis method using one factor at a time (OFAT), has been applied to investigate the influence of particle size and hydrotropic agent concentration to the yield and conversion of the hydrotropic delignification model. Validation of the proposed model was conducted by comparing the numerical results with an analytical solution for a simple case diffusion in cylinder with constant surface concentration and in the absence of chemical reaction. The validation result showed that the hydrotropic delignification model was in good agreement with the analytical solution.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) kegiatan bank sampah di pedesaan (Bank Sampah Asoka Berseri, Desa Sokosari, Tuban) Titi Tiara Anasstasia; Muhammad Mufti Azis
Jurnal Pengelolaan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan (Journal of Environmental Sustainability Management) JPLB, Vol 4, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Badan Kerjasama Pusat Studi Lingkungan (BKPSL) se-Indonesia bekerjasama dengan Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup IPB (PPLH-IPB)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36813/jplb.4.3.537-551

Abstract

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a method that can be used to evaluate the waste management system based on the potential impact produced. The Asoka Berseri Waste Bank in Tuban Regency is an example of a waste processing unit that aims to reduce the possible effects of waste generation both in quality and quantity in rural areas. This study aimed to calculate and evaluate the potential environmental impacts from the waste bank, then compared it with conventional waste management carried out by the community. The method used was based on CML Baseline v4.4 and ISO 14000 standards, including goal and scope, life cycle inventory (LCI), life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) and interpretation. The LCA simulation was carried out with the OpenLCA software to calculate the value of the potential impact of each kilogram of waste produced. Based on the simulation results, every 1 kg of waste managed by the waste bank produced a lower potential global warming impact (6.395 kg CO2 eq.) than open dumping (13.057 kg CO2 eq.) and open burning (10.850 kg CO2 eq.). Further processing of solid waste into RDF and compost at the Waste Bank present a lower potential environmental impact and increase community income.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Its Characterization Aulia, Margaretha Praba; Azis, Muhammad Mufti; Rochmadi, Rochmadi; Budiman, Arief
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.103337

Abstract

This study explored an efficient method for extracting polysaccharides from Chlorella pyrenoidosa using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with water as the solvent, a technique consistent with green chemistry principles. The goal was to enhance the yield and quality of polysaccharides for their potential applications as multifunctional active ingredients in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries. Key extraction parameters, including extraction time (10, 20, and 30 min), temperature (80 °C), and solid-to-liquid ratios (1:20, 1:30, 1:40 m/v), were systematically evaluated. The results indicated that a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:40 m/v at 80 °C for 10 min yielded the highest polysaccharide content (56.64%). FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of pyranose rings in D-glucose and hydroxyl groups, while HPLC identified D-mannose (58.12%) as the predominant sugar, followed by D-glucose (34.46%), D-galactose (3.61%), and L-rhamnose (3.81%). Purified polysaccharide was composed of major mannose and glucose, a biomolecule very important given that it has wide applications in medical and food industries.
KAJIAN PENGARUH LAPISAN MEDIA PADA NON-VEGETATED SWALE SEBAGAI FILTER LARUTAN PUPUK NPK Zulapriansyah, Rizki; Supraba, Intan; Azis, Muhammad Mufti
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022): SAINS & TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Teknik Lingkungan Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/jstl.vol14.iss2.art4

Abstract

Penggunaan pupuk NPK pada lahan pertanian secara berlebihan mengakibatkan banyak pupuk tidak terserap sehingga terbawa masuk ke perairan oleh limpasan air permukaan saat hujan dan menyebabkan eutrofikasi. Unsur hara anorganik Nitrogen (N) dan Fosfor (P) menjadi nutrisi bagi alga sehingga menyebabkan tumbuhnya alga yang berlebihan pada perairan atau biasa disebut algae bloom. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji seberapa besar pengaruh jenis dan tinggi lapisan media pada non-vegetated swale dalam menyaring parameter Nitrogen (N) dan Fosfor (P) yang berasal dari larutan pupuk NPK komersial. Metode yang diterapkan adalah dengan menyiramkan aliran air larutan pupuk NPK melalui non-vegetated swale dengan dua ketebalan lapisan yang berbeda. Konsentrasi masuk larutan NPK yaitu 123,77-124,77 mg/l fosfat, 16,54-16,72 mg/l amoniak serta kandungan nitrat dan nitrit yang kecil. Aliran air larutan pupuk NPK sebelum dan sesudah melalui non-vegetated swale diambil sampelnya yang kemudian diuji dengan alat spektrofotometer untuk mengetahui perbedaan kandungan fosfat, nitrat, nitrit dan amonianya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua non-vegetated swale memiliki kemampuan menyaring konsentrasi fosfat pada larutan air pupuk NPK yang sangat baik, keduanya mampu mengurangi konsentrasi fosfat hingga 120 mg/l. Hasil pengukuran nitrat dan nitrit menunjukkan kenaikan sekitar 5 mg/l, sedangkan kandungan amoniak turun sekitar 16 mg/l. Hal ini menunjukkan terjadinya proses nitrifikasi dan menunjukkan bahwa kedua non-vegetated swale pada penelitian ini memiliki kemampuan penyaringan N yang belum optimal.
Co-Authors Agus Subagio Alfian Hayu Sudibya Andriani, Anisa Novi Anis Nurdhiani Rosdi Arief Budiman Ariff Trisetia Anggara Arista Dwi Rahmawati Caroko, Novi Damayanti, Sri Ismiyati Derek Creaser Desi Amalia Fenyka Diharja, Tino Dwiatmoko, Adid Adep Edwin Nur Huda Fergie Febrina Galuh Almas Darmawati Hartanto, Danang Tri Hary Sulistyo Hary Sulistyo Hary Sulistyo Hary Sulistyo Haryanto, Imam Hilya Mudrika Arini Himawan Novianto Ignesti Anindia Ikhsana, Mifta Aulia Imam Karfendi Putro Indah Hartati Indah Hartati Intan Supraba, Intan Irma Atika Sari Jonas Kristanto Khasan Rowi Koestono, Hary Kristanto, Jonas Kurniati, Sayekti Margaretha Praba Aulia Moh Fahrurrozi Moh Fahrurrozi Mohd Razif Harun Muhammad Abdul Ghony Muhammad Kurniawan Adiputra Muhammad Noor Ridho Aji Muslikhin Hidayat Nur Baiti Listyaningrum Paryoto, Sumadi Prasetiyo, Bayu Dedi Ramadhani, Laily Isna Ringgani, Retno Rio Arya Pratama Rizki Zulapriansyah Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rowi, Ngadiwiyana Sabariyanto Sabariyanto Safitri, Mutia Sarto Sarto Sarto Sarto Sarto Sarto Siti Syamsiah Sitompul, Victor Soni Hartanto Sudibyo, Hanifrahmawan Suprihastuti Sri Rahayu Suryo Purwono Sutijan Sutijan Sutijan Sutijan Syarifudin, Abimanyu Putra Taufiq, Heydar Ruffa Titi Tiara Anasstasia Titi Tiara Anasstasia Titi tiara Anasstasia Titi Tiara Anasstasia Tri Sarifah Utami WAHYU FIRMANSYAH Wahyudi Budi Sediawan Wahyudi Budi Sediawan Wahyudi Budi Sediawan Winata, Denie Tirta Wingo Wira Dewanatan Wiratni Budhijanto Wulandari, Lisa Ayu Yutaka, Michael Arya