Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Study of Nickel Extraction Process from Spent Catalysts with Hydrochloric Acid Solution: Effect of Temperature and Kinetics Study Ivanna Crecentia Narulita Simanungkalit; Elsha Pamida Bahri; Ratna Frida Susanti; Gelar Panji Gemilar; Widi Astuti; Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus; Kevin Cleary Wanta
International Journal of Applied Sciences and Smart Technologies Volume 03, Issue 02, December 2021
Publisher : Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/ijasst.v3i2.3606

As one of the hazardous and toxic solid wastes, spent catalysts need to be treated before the waste is discharged into the environment. One of the substances that need to be removed from the spent catalysts is the heavy metal ions and/or compounds contained therein. The method that can be applied is the extraction method using an acid solvent. In this study, the extraction process was carried out on spent catalysts samples from PT. Petrokimia Gresik. The focus of the study is on nickel extraction by varying the temperature in the range of 30–85 oC. A 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution was used as a solvent while the extraction process was 120 minutes. The experimental results show that the maximum nickel recovery of 14.70% can be achieved at a temperature of 85 oC. Kinetic studies were carried out using two kinetic models. The results of both models evaluation on the research data show that the lump model gives better results than the shrinking core model. The average error percentage of the lump model is smaller than the shrinking core model. It indicates that the extraction process was controlled by the diffusion step through the ash layer in the solid and chemical reactions simultaneously.

STUDY AWAL EKSTRAKSI MINYAK ESENSIAL BUNGA KAMBOJA PUTIH (Plumeria obtusa) SEGAR: PERBANDINGAN PENGARUH METODE EKSTRAKSI TERHADAP KOMPOSISI EKSTRAK Arabella Febiola Armani; Ratna Frida Susanti
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 32 No. 3 (2022): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert.2022.32.3.283

White frangipani flowers (Plumeria obtusa) are widespread across many regions in Indonesia and are frequently used as an essential component of religious ceremonies as offerings in the temples. They can be found placed at many village corners as local culture and beliefs. The used frangipani flowers caused a huge amount of flower waste. To resolve this issue, frangipani flowers can be utilized through product development to add their value, such as by producing essential oils. It has been reported from previous studies that the essential oil of frangipani flowers was done through conventional methods which used toxic chemical solvents or distillation processes with high-temperature conditions that can damage the volatile and bioactive compounds in flowers. Thus, in this research, the processing of frangipani flowers into essential oil was done with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction. The results showed that supercritical CO2 extraction produces a lower yield (1.27%) of essential oil if compared to soxhlet extraction with n-hexane (4.23%), however supercritical CO2 extraction provides advantages of no residue of extraction product and more environmentally-friendly method. Furthermore, the identification of bioactive compounds from P. obtusa essential oil showed that there were 65 compounds identified from supercritical CO2 extraction with 87% of compounds with activities and benefits reported from literature, whereas essential oil from soxhlet extraction produced more compounds, 76 compounds were identified with 78% of compounds with reported activities and benefits. This confirms that supercritical CO2 extraction was more selective in extracting specific volatile compounds. Keywords: bioactive, carbon dioxide, essential oil, plumeria obtuse, supercritical fluid extraction

Utilization of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable battery production: The effect of leaching time, type, and concentration of organic acids Tabita Kristina Mora Ayu Panggabean; Ratna Frida Susanti; Widi Astuti; Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus; Anastasia Prima Kristijarti; Kevin Cleary Wanta
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 3 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.51353

This study examines the potential use of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable batteries. The spent catalyst Ni/γ-Al2O3 still contains relatively high amounts of nickel. This indicates the potential use of the spent catalyst to be leached and purified for synthesizing nickel-based compounds so that it can be applied to rechargeable battery cathodes. In this study, the spent catalyst leaching process employed four types of organic acids: citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, and acetic acid. The spent catalyst was leached under atmospheric conditions and room temperature. Organic acid concentrations were also varied at 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 M. The leaching process took place for 240 minutes, where sampling was conducted periodically at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Experimental results showed that Ni (II) and Al (III) ions were successfully leached to the maximum when using 2M citric acids at a leaching time of 240 minutes. The conditions succeeded in leaching Ni (II) and Al (III) ions of 357.8 and 1,975.4 ppm, respectively. Organic acid, notably citric acid, has excellent potential for further development. Citric acid, as a solvent, has the ability to leach metal ions with high recovery. In addition, this acid is categorized as an eco-friendly and green solvent compared to inorganic acid. Thus, the leaching process can take place without harming the environment.

THE ROLE OF N-DOPING TO THE PORE CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM VETIVER ROOT DISTILLATION WASTE Yohana Fransiska Ferawati; Ratna Frida Susanti
Metalurgi Vol 36, No 2 (2021): Metalurgi Vol. 36 No. 2 Agustus 2021
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

This work studied the effect of nitrogen functional group modification on activated carbon synthesized from vetiver root waste on pores development. Synthesis of activated carbon was carried out by hydrothermal carbonization of vetiver root waste at a temperature of 225 ⁰C for 18 hours followed by chemical activation using K2FeO4as activated agent in a furnace at temperature of 800 ⁰C for 2 hours with nitrogen atmosphere flowed at a rate of 100 mL/minute. Urea was used as a nitrogen source. The variation of urea concentration was 1:0 (AC0–800), 1:3 (AC3–800) and 1:5 (AC5–800). The results showed that these activated carbons have mesoporous characteristics with the largest Brunauer Emmett Teller (SBET) surface area of 552.90 m2g-1 and average pore width 3,43 nm. The presence of nitrogen functional group was observed in the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer analysis. Synthesis of activated carbon from vetiver root waste with an addition of urea is the newest method to produce mesoporous activated carbon for electrode and support catalyst purposes.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NICKEL HYDROXIDE FROM EXTRACTION SOLUTION OF SPENT CATALYST Kevin Cleary Wanta; Felisha Hapsari Tanujaya; Federick Dwi Putra; Ratna Frida Susanti; Gelar Panji Gemilar; Widi Astuti; Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus
Metalurgi Vol 35, No 3 (2020): Metalurgi Vol. 35 No. 3 Desember2020
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Nickel is an essential metal element and is applied in various sectors. One of the useful nickel–based derivatives products is nickel hydroxide [Ni(OH)2]. This compound is widely applied as raw material for electrodes of rechargeable batteries, capacitors, electrolyzers, and catalysts. This study focuses on the synthesis of Ni(OH)2 using the hydroxide precipitation method. A solution from the extraction process of spent catalysts was used as a precursor solution. After the precursor solution was obtained, the precipitation process was carried out at pH 10, where the operating temperature was varied at 30–60oC. NaOH, KOH, and MgO solutions were used as precipitating agents. The experimental results show that the Ni(OH)2 compounds were produced optimally at low temperatures, 30oC. It could be indicated from the lowest concentration of Ni2+ ions in the liquid phase that reached that temperature. The three precipitation agents also gave good results in the precipitation of Ni2+ ions, where almost all of the Ni2+ ions were precipitated from the liquid phase. The precipitated products were characterized using SEM, XRD, and XRF. The analysis results showed that the product was agglomerated and formless. The purity of the precipitates formed were 24.1 and 29% for the precipitating agents MgO and NaOH, respectively.

INCREASING OF METAL RECOVERY IN LEACHING PROCESS OF SPENT CATALYST AT LOW TEMPERATURE: THE ADDITION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE Kevin Cleary Wanta; Edward Yonathan Natapraja; Ratna Frida Susanti; Gelar Panji Gemilar; Widi Astuti; Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus
Metalurgi Vol 36, No 2 (2021): Metalurgi Vol. 36 No. 2 Agustus 2021
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

One of the factors that affect the leaching process of a mineral source is the mineral characteristics of the raw materials. Not all mineral phases can be leached directly and completely. Thus, some minerals require special treatment so that the leaching process can take place optimally. This study will focus on studying the effect of additive compounds addition, i.e. hydrogen peroxide and sodium chloride, in the leaching process of spent catalyst using a sulfuric acid solution. The leaching process was carried out at a concentration of 1 M sulfuric acid solution for 240 minutes at room temperature. The hydrogen peroxide concentration was varied at 0–9%v/v, while the sodium chloride concentration was varied at 0–0.8 mol/L. The experimental results showed that the two additive compounds were able to increase nickel recovery significantly. The highest nickel recovery of 95.08% was achieved when hydrogen peroxide was used at 9%v/v. The nickel recovery is 3.5 times higher than without the addition of hydrogen peroxide. Meanwhile, sodium chloride concentration of 0.8 mol/L was able to provide the highest nickel recovery of 50.38% or an increase of 1.9 times compared to without the addition of sodium chloride.

Utilization of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable battery production: The effect of leaching time, type, and concentration of organic acids Tabita Kristina Mora Ayu Panggabean; Ratna Frida Susanti; Widi Astuti; Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus; Anastasia Prima Kristijarti; Kevin Cleary Wanta
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 3 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.51353

This study examines the potential use of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable batteries. The spent catalyst Ni/γ-Al2O3 still contains relatively high amounts of nickel. This indicates the potential use of the spent catalyst to be leached and purified for synthesizing nickel-based compounds so that it can be applied to rechargeable battery cathodes. In this study, the spent catalyst leaching process employed four types of organic acids: citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, and acetic acid. The spent catalyst was leached under atmospheric conditions and room temperature. Organic acid concentrations were also varied at 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 M. The leaching process took place for 240 minutes, where sampling was conducted periodically at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Experimental results showed that Ni (II) and Al (III) ions were successfully leached to the maximum when using 2M citric acids at a leaching time of 240 minutes. The conditions succeeded in leaching Ni (II) and Al (III) ions of 357.8 and 1,975.4 ppm, respectively. Organic acid, notably citric acid, has excellent potential for further development. Citric acid, as a solvent, has the ability to leach metal ions with high recovery. In addition, this acid is categorized as an eco-friendly and green solvent compared to inorganic acid. Thus, the leaching process can take place without harming the environment.

Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of SnO2 Composited Activated Carbon from Coffee Ground Waste for Supercapacitor Applications Agung Nugroho; Muhammad Reza Wirayudha Pratama; Hans Kristianto; Haryo Satriya Oktaviano; Arenst Andreas Arie; Ratna Frida Susanti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 8 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 8 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.8.293-299

Biomass has been considered an alternative source of electrode materials. Converting biomass into activated carbon is one of the possible approaches. Coffee ground waste is abundant as the world’s coffee-drinking culture grows. This paper describes a study that converted coffee grounds into activated carbon and tested its feasibility for electrode materials. We use a simple pyrolysis technique (800°C) to synthesize activated carbon from waste coffee grounds, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an activator. Tin oxide (SnO2), which has a high theoretical capacity, was impregnated into the carbon framework using a hydrothermal method operating at 180°C for 2 hours. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results show that SnO2 was successfully impregnated into the carbon structure. Raman analysis also shows that the carbon structure of the activated carbon still retains despite the presence of the metal oxide during the hydrothermal synthesis. Furthermore, electrochemical measurements utilizing the galvanostatic method using a three-electrode system demonstrated that the specific capacitance of the material increased by approximately 106% at 5 A/g following SnO2 impregnation. Long cycle testing further demonstrates that including SnO2 in the carbon, structure may sustain outstanding performance even at high current densities of 5 A/g for 100 cycles with 99% capacity retention. The results demonstrate the possibility of activated carbon from coffee ground waste composited with tin oxide as supercapacitor electrodes.

EKSTRAKSI MINYAK ESENSIAL BUNGA KAMBOJA PUTIH (Plumeria obtusa) DENGAN CO2 SUPERKRITIK: PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN TEKANAN Arabella Febiola Armani; Ratna Frida Susanti
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 33 No. 2 (2023): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert.2023.33.2.170

Plumeria obtusa frangipani flowers grow across Indonesia abundantly and are frequently used in Hindu religious ceremonies. However, fallen and used frangipani flowers could potentially cause an immense amount of flower waste on the ground and water. A preliminary study on the processing of the fresh flowers into essential oils by supercritical CO2 extraction had been done, however an evaluation of the extraction conditions (temperature and pressure) of P. obtusa has not yet performed. This work investigated the effect of extraction’s pressure (100 and 300 bar) and temperature (40 and 60 oC) to the essential oil’s yield and composition. The result showed that the high pressure of 300 bar and low temperature of 40oC gives the highest yield (0,736%) with 36 compounds identified. Among them, 81% of their biological and pharmacological activities and benefits had been reported (antibacterial, antifungal, aromatic compound, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory). The identification of composition of the flower essential oils showed that olean-12-ene, 3-methoxy-, (3β) (35,12%) was found only at 300 bar and 40oC. This result confirmed that supercritical CO2 extraction was more specific in extracting volatile compounds from essential oils. Keywords: supercritical carbon dioxide, essential oil, oil yield, volatile compounds, Plumeria obtusa

Carbon composite of NiO hydrothermal impregnation from sugarcane bagasse and its electrochemical properties Nasti, Al Nadine De; Siburian, Kyfti Yolanda; Sembiring, Abraham Danofan; Kristianto, Hans; Susanti, Ratna Frida; Oktaviano, Haryo Satriya; Nugroho, Agung
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 17, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.88210

Sugarcane bagasse (SB) can synthesize activated carbon (AC) through a two-step calcination process at calcination at 400oC and activation at 800oC. NaOH 0.1 M is used to activate the pre-carbonized sample in the activation step. The AC samples undergo hydrothermal impregnation with nickel oxide (NiO) at 110°C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the presence of NiO after this process. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) indicates the presence of pore structures in the sample morphology. A three-electrode system with 1 M Na2SO4 as an electrolyte was employed to assess the electrochemical properties. The specific capacitance for activated carbon derived from SB stands at 89.53 F/g at 0.05 A/g current density, while after impregnation with NiO, it increases to 250.53 F/g at the same current density. The results demonstrate the possibility of activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse waste composited with NiO as supercapacitor electrodes.

Title

Found 30 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 30 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 30 Documents
Search