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All Journal Reaktor International Journal of Renewable Energy Development TEKNIK Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan DIPOIPTEKS: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Undip Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan Prosiding Semnastek Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan Jurnal Pasopati : Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Inovasi Pengembangan Teknologi Jurnal Civil Engineering Study International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Titik Istirokhatun
Department Of Environmental Engineering, Faculty Of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus UNDIP Tembalang, Semarang 50275
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Membrane Technology Application for Fractionation Process to Obtain High Quality Glucosamine Rokhati, Nur; Istirokhatun, Titik; Hamada, Nur ?Aini; Apriyanti, Dwi Titik
Reaktor Volume 20 No.2 June 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (356.95 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.20.2.103-108

Abstract

Glucosamine, monosaccharide from chitosan obtained from the chitin deacetylation process, has been used widely in various fields such as nutrition, pharmacy, and cosmetics. Glucosamine can be obtained from the hydrolysis of chitosan. Enzymatic hydrolysis provides the advantage of mild reaction conditions, environmentally friendly, and high yield. But until now, the separation of glucosamine from the chitosan hydrolysis fraction has been an obstacle. Ultrafiltration membranes offer an efficient filtration process because they do not require additional chemicals. The performance of ultrafiltration membranes was analyzed from the fractionation process of chitosan hydrolysis. The PES membranes in 10, 25, and 50 kDa were used to filter hydrolyzed Low Molecular Weight Chitosan (LMWC) in varied concentrations. The experiment was carried out in crossflow membrane module for flat sheet at room temperature in 1 bar. The permeate flux during filtration decreased rapidly at the initial and gradually over time because of fouling and concentration polarization. The more concentrated hydrolyzed LMWC solution resulted higher percentage of rejection up to almost 20% at the same membrane MWCO while higher MWCO resulted lower rejection percentage for the same hydrolyzed LMWC concentration. The FTIR spectrum of the used membranes of all types had absorption bands of glucosamine which proved that the fractionation process occurred. The time retention in HPLC chromatograms of glucosamine produced were similar with standard glucosamine. Thus, ultrafiltration could be applied for hydrolyzed LMWC fractionation process.Keywords: fractionation; glucosamine; LMWC; MWCO; ultrafiltration
HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIK KITOSAN DENGAN KOMBINASI ENZIM ENDO-GLUCANASE DAN CELLOBIOHYDROLASE Nur Rokhati; Bambang Pramudono; Titik Istirokhatun; Mohammad Sulchan; Dyah Ayu Kresnianingrum; Luthfi Kurnia Dewi
Reaktor Volume 15 No.4 Oktober 2015
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (568.317 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.15.4.261-267

Abstract

Abstract CHITOSAN ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS USING A COMBINATION OF ENDO-GLUCANASE AND CELLOBIOHYDROLASE. Chitosan is very promising in various fields including medicine, pharmacology, and the food industry. However, the application of this polysaccharide is limited by its high molecular weight resulting in its low solubility in aqueous media. In this respect, the chitosan with shorter chain length, display a reduced viscosity and are soluble in aqueous media at pH values close to neutrality. The aim of this study is the hydrolysis of chitosan to obtain a low molecular weight chitosan using enzymes endo-glucanase and cellobiohydrolase. The hydrolysis of chitosan was carried out under a temperature of 40° C and pH 5. Chitosan degradation was monitored by the analysis of reducing sugars and viscosity, whereas the chemical characterization of chitosan is done by using test FTIR (infrared spectroscopy). The results showed that enzyme treatment resulted in a substantial loss in viscosity of the chitosan solution shows depolymerization. Depolymerization using endo-glucanase took place very quickly during the initial 15 minutes. The rate of viscosity decrease on chitosan degradation using cellobiohydrolase is lower than using endo-glucanase. When the reaction time was 4 h, the lowest  viscosity is showed by cellobiohydrolase, and the highest solubility is showed by combination of endo-glucanase and cellobiohydrolase. Keywords: endo-glucanase; cellobiohydrolase; chitosan; hydrolysis Abstrak Kitosan dapat dimanfaatkan di berbagai bidang seperti kedokteran, farmasi dan industri makanan. Aplikasi kitosan sering dibatasi oleh berat molekul kitosan yang tinggi sehingga viskositasnya tinggi dan kelarutannya rendah. Kitosan dengan rantai polimer pendek, akan mempunyai viskositas rendah, dan mudah larut pada larutan/air dengan pH mendekati netral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghidrolisis kitosan secara enzimatis menggunakan enzim endo-glucanase dan cellobiohydrolase. Hidrolisis kitosan dilakukan pada suhu 40 °C dan pH 5. Degradasi kitosan dipantau melalui analisa gula reduksi dan viskositas, sedangkan karakterisasi kimia kitosan dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji FTIR (infra red spectroscopy). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hidrolisis enzimatis kitosan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan berat molekul yang ditandai dengan adanya penurunan viscositas larutan kitosan. Pada 15 menit awal hidrolisis terjadi penurunan viskositas yang sangat besar. Laju penurunan viskositas enzim cellobiohydrolase lebih rendah dibanding dengan enzime endo-glucanase. Setelah waktu reaksi 4 jam, viskositas terendah diperoleh pada enzime cellobiohydrolase, sedangkan kelarutan tertinggi diperoleh pada kombinasi enzime endo-glucanase dan cellobiohydrolase. Kata kunci: endo-glucanase; cellobiohydrolase; kitosan; hidrolisis  
ULTRAFILTRATION AS PRETREATMENT OF REVERSE OSMOSIS: LOW FOULING ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE PREPARED FROM POLYETHERSULFONE–AMPHIPHILIC BLOCK COPOLYMER BLEND Heru Susanto; Luqman Buchori; Siswo Sumardiono; Berkah Fajar; Titik Istirokhatun; I Nyoman Widiasa
Reaktor Volume 12, Nomor 4, Desember 2009
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (336.104 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.12.4.203 – 210

Abstract

This paper demonstrates the preparation of polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes via wet phase inversion method using either poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b- poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic®, Plu) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) as hydrophilic modifier. Their effects on membrane structure as well as the resulting membrane performance and their stability in membrane polymer matrix were systematically investigated. The investigated membrane characteristics include surface hydrophilicity (by contact angle), surface chemistry (by FTIR spectroscopy) and water flux measurement. Visualization of membrane surface and cross section morphology was also done by scanning electron microscopy. The membrane performance was examined by investigation of adsorptive fouling and ultrafiltration using solution of bovine serum albumin as the model system. The stability of additive was examined by incubating the membrane in water (40oC) for up to 10 days. The results show that modification effects on membrane characteristic and low fouling behavior were clearly observed. Further, amphiphilic Pluronic generally showed better performance than PEG.   
Membrane Technology Application for Fractionation Process to Obtain High Quality Glucosamine Nur Rokhati; Titik Istirokhatun; Nur ‘Aini Hamada; Dwi Titik Apriyanti
Reaktor Volume 20 No.2 June 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (356.95 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.20.2.103-108

Abstract

Glucosamine, monosaccharide from chitosan obtained from the chitin deacetylation process, has been used widely in various fields such as nutrition, pharmacy, and cosmetics. Glucosamine can be obtained from the hydrolysis of chitosan. Enzymatic hydrolysis provides the advantage of mild reaction conditions, environmentally friendly, and high yield. But until now, the separation of glucosamine from the chitosan hydrolysis fraction has been an obstacle. Ultrafiltration membranes offer an efficient filtration process because they do not require additional chemicals. The performance of ultrafiltration membranes was analyzed from the fractionation process of chitosan hydrolysis. The PES membranes in 10, 25, and 50 kDa were used to filter hydrolyzed Low Molecular Weight Chitosan (LMWC) in varied concentrations. The experiment was carried out in crossflow membrane module for flat sheet at room temperature in 1 bar. The permeate flux during filtration decreased rapidly at the initial and gradually over time because of fouling and concentration polarization. The more concentrated hydrolyzed LMWC solution resulted higher percentage of rejection up to almost 20% at the same membrane MWCO while higher MWCO resulted lower rejection percentage for the same hydrolyzed LMWC concentration. The FTIR spectrum of the used membranes of all types had absorption bands of glucosamine which proved that the fractionation process occurred. The time retention in HPLC chromatograms of glucosamine produced were similar with standard glucosamine. Thus, ultrafiltration could be applied for hydrolyzed LMWC fractionation process.Keywords: fractionation; glucosamine; LMWC; MWCO; ultrafiltration
Co-Authors Akhmad Masykur Hadi Musthofa Ananda Dwi Utomo Apriliana, Pamella Aprilina Purbasari Apriyanti, Dwi Titik Ariestya Meta Devi Asep Muhamad Samsudin Asep Muhamad Samsudin, Asep Muhamad Aulia, Mustika Azaria Primelya Bambang Pramudono Berkah Fajar Budiono Joko Nugroho Desiriani, Ria Destiasari, Ajeng Dwi Titik Apriyanti Dyah Ayu Kresnianingrum Elaeis Noviani R. Elaeis Noviani R. Elaeis Noviani Ratnasari, Elaeis Noviani Endro Sutrisno Fajar S. S Nur Filardli, Abdullah Malik Islam Fiorentina Sinurat Gonzales, Ralph Rolly Hamada, Nur ?Aini Haryono Setiyo Huboyo Heny Kusumayanti Heru Susanto I Nyoman Widiasa Irawan Wisnu Wardhan Ita Tetriana A. Ita Tetriana A. Ita Tetriana Agustini Kiki Ramayana L. Tobing Kiki Ramayana L. Tobing Lidiya Novelendah Lulluil Mahsunnah Luqman Buchori Luthfi Kurnia Dewi M Husen Senoaji Mohammad Sulchan Nur Rokhati Nur Rokhati Nur ‘Aini Hamada Nurandani Hardyanti Nurfaiz, Agus Oktiawan Wiharyanto Pertiwi Andarani Purwono Purwono, Purwono Ramadan, Bimastyaji Surya Reisa Novita Marpaung Siahaan, Samuel Ezra Siswo Sumardiono Sri Sumiyati Sudarno Sudarno Sudarno utomo Sumardi Widiyanto, Edhi Wiharyanto Oktiawan Winardi Dwi Nugraha