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THIN COCONUT COMMOMOGRAPHY FOR DETERMINATION OF HEARTIDINE IN ORANGE OF ORANGE FROM ORANGE Sri Handayani; Sunarto Sunarto; Susila Kristianingrum
Jurnal Penelitian Saintek Vol 10, No 1: April 2005
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Services, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (7251.364 KB) | DOI: 10.21831/jps.v10i1.5546

Abstract

This   research   with   the   title   Thin   Layer   Chromatography  for Determination of Hesperidins Content in Orange Peel has been done in organic chemistry laboratory. The aim of this research is to select the solvent mix for  the best hesperidins standard peak result and to determinate the content (in relative percentage) of some orange peel. Hesperidins isolation from  orange peel conduct by soaks the orange peel piece  in f 0% Calcium hydroxide solution for  a night in room temperature.    The   mixture   than  jiltered    and   neutralized   with hydrochloric acid to obtain hesperidins contain filtrate.  Hesperidins analyzed   by   thin   layer   chromatography.    Characterization   of hesperidins did by compare the sample chromatogram with standard chromatogram.  The yield  (in  relative  percentage)   determinate  by  compare the sample peak area with hesperidins standard peak area. The solvent  mix  selected  before  by  attempt  some  solvent  mix for eludate hesperidins standard solution. The result of this research shown that hesperidins can analyzed using thin   layer   chromatography   method.   with   the   best  solvent   was chloroform:  methanol mixture (2 : 3). Hesperidins content in extract solution of some strain orange peel  is; Baby Egypt 0, f 380%, Baby Pacitan 0,0615%, Mandarin Lokam 0,0018%, Santang 0,0049%, and Sunkist  Nevel 0,0360%.  The hesperidins  content  in orange peel  of Mandarin Pakistan, Medan super, Nipis, Sunkist,  Peras, and Purut was 0,0000. The hesperidins content in these orange peel was too low to be detected
OPTIMIZATION CONCENTRATION OF NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA IN 2.6-BIS-(3’,4’-DIMETHOXY-BENZYLIDENE)CYCLOHEXANONE SYNTHESIS THROUGH CLAISEN-SCHMID REACTION Nurul Khotimah Putri Pertiwi; Sri Handayani; C Budimarwanti; Winarto Haryadi
Jurnal Penelitian Saintek Vol 20, No 2: Oktober 2015
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Services, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1763.027 KB) | DOI: 10.21831/jps.v20i2.9597

Abstract

This research aimed at determining the optimization concentration of NaOH as a catalyst to produce the compound 2.6-bis(3’,4’-dimethoxybenzylidene) cyclohexanone in maximum yield through Claisen-Schmidt reaction. Synthesizing of 2.6-bis-(3’,4’ dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone through Claisen-Schmidt reaction was conducted by stirring method for two hours at 10°C. Raw materials used were 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone. In this research, NaOH was used as a catalyst. The solvents that used were aquades and methanol. Moles variations of NaOH which was added in the research were 0.005; 0.01; 0.02; 0.04 and 0.08 moles. The results shows that the NaOH 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 mol have produce in yield, 89.56, 81.23, 107.68, 115.98, and 14.55% respectively. From the data it can be seen the optimum yield obtained at NaOH 0.04 mol.
THE EFFECT of 4-METHOXYBENZALDEHYDe AND CYCLOHEXANONE MOLE RATIO VARIATION ON THE SYNTHESIS of 2-(4’-METHOXYBENZYLIDENE)CYCLOHEXANONE USING MICROWAVE ASSISTED ORGANIC SYNTHESIS METHODS Elga Riesta Puteri; Sri Handayani
Jurnal Penelitian Saintek Vol 22, No 1: April 2017
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Services, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (216.541 KB) | DOI: 10.21831/jps.v22i1.15322

Abstract

This research aims to determine the effect of mole ratio variation and mole ratio which produce maximum yield. Synthesis of 2-(4’-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone was done through Claissen Schmidt condensation with NaOH as catalyst. Variation of 4-methoxybenzaldehyde:cyclohexanone mole ratio were 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8. 2-(4’-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone could be synthezied using MAOS methods for 120 seconds. Synthesis product was identified by TLC, TLC scan, spectroscopy IR, and spectroscopy 1H NMR. The result of this research showed that the variation of 4-methoxybenzaldehyde:cyclohexanone mole ratio had an effect on the synthesis of 2-(4’-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone. It was proven by the different of yields which have been produced. Variation of  4-methoxybenzaldehyde:cyclohexanone mole ratio 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8 produced 2-(4’-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone 0%; 59.272%; 64.122%; 46.782%; and 45.555% in yields respectively. The mole ratio of 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde:cyclohexanone which gives the maximum yield is 1:4.
Struktur wacana berita pendidikan dalam surat kabar Kompas Sri Handayani; Suhardi Suhardi
LingTera Vol 8, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Applied Linguistics, FBSB, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/lt.v8i1.14905

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan struktur tematik, skematik, semantik, sintaksis, dan stilistik berita pendidikan dalam surat kabar Kompas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskripsi kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut. Pertama, tematik yang dikedepankan yaitu Kurikulum 2013 yang didukung topik dan tema. Kedua, skematik berita pendidikan disusun dengan skema summary yang mencakup judul dan lead, dan story yang berupa komentar narasumber serta kesimpulan wartawan berdasarkan pernyataan narasumber. Ketiga, semantik mencakup latar, detil, maksud, dan praanggapan. Elemen tersebut mengungkapkan makna yang ditekankan pada hal-hal atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada pelaksanaan Kurikulum 2013 selama tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Keempat, sintaksis mencakup bentuk kalimat, kohesi, koherensi, dan kata ganti. Pada bentuk kalimat, Kompas menggunakan kalimat aktif dikarenakan untuk menonjolkan narasumber. Kohesi dan koherensi menunjukkan bahwa berita pendidikan sebagai wacana yang utuh, padu dan runtut. Kelima, stilistik berkaitan dengan pilihan kata (leksikon). Pilihan kata yang digunakan Kompas cenderung halus, sopan, dan universal. Hal tersebut menunjukkan kesan positif terhadap narasumber dan Kurikulum 2013. The discource structure of educational news in Kompas newspaper AbstractThis study is aimed at: describing and explaining thematic, schematic, semantic, syntactic, and stylistic structures of education news in Kompas newspaper. This research was a qualitative research. The study reveals five findings as follows. First, the main thematic is Curriculum 2013 which is supported by topics and themes. Second, the schematic of educational news is arranged by a summary scheme which includes titles and leads while the story scheme is the commentary of interviewees and journalist's conclusion from the interviewees’ statement. Thirdly, semantics includes background, detail, intent, and presupposition. The element expresses the emphasis on the things or events that occured in the implementation of Curriculum 2013 during the academic year 2014/2015. Fourth, syntax includes sentence form, cohesion, coherence, and pronoun. In the form of a sentence, Kompas uses active sentences because of accentuate the interviewees. Cohesion and coherence show that the educational news is as integrated discourse, united and coherent. Fifth, stylistic is related to the word choice (lexicon). Kompas uses universal, smooth and polite choice of words. It shows a positive impression to the interviewees and Curriculum 2013.
Formulasi, Uji kualitas Dan Uji Organoleptik Sabun Mandi Padat Menggunakan Bahan Aditif Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) Sri Handayani; Aris Tiana Anjali
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 17 No 2 (2020): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Setia Budi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31001/jfi.v17i2.798

Abstract

Guava leaves have flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids as main compounds which have been shown to be active as antibacterial and anticarcinogenic agents. However, they have never been used as additives in skin care products because they have a rough texture. The purpose of this research are to formulate the method in the production of bath soap with the leaves as additives, and they were examined in quality and organoleptic tests. Formulation in production of the soap was carried out by means of variations of the method of extracting guava leaves as additives, namely: without additive as a control (A), with water solvent (B), with vegetable oil solvent (C), and powder dried as a scrub (D). The soap quality tests based on SNI 2016 including tests for alkaline or free fatty acid levels, insoluble ingredients in ethanol and unsaponified fat fractions. Organoleptic test was carried out involving 20 panelists. Data were analyzed by ANOVA-Duncan test. It was found that soap quality test for all samples meet INS except free alkali levels in D soap. The hedonic test results show that all soap samples can be accepted by panelists. Based on quality and organoleptic tests, the formulation method for adding guava leaf extract as an additive that produces the best soap is extraction using a water solvent (soap B). For the next study, it is necessary to confirm the biological activity of soap with guava leaf additives because it is very potential to be used as an antimicrobial soap.
Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity Analysis of Organic Soap Bar Containing Gnetum gnemon Peel Extract Sri Handayani; Indyah Sulistyo Arty; Cornelia Budimarwanti; Karim Theresih; Evy Yulianti; Melati Khairuddean
Molekul Vol 16, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (381.3 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2021.16.3.800

Abstract

Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) peel has been known as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal, but not yet used as cosmetic ingredients or drugs optimally. This research focuses on the production of organic soap bars from melinjo peel extract, the quality testing, and antimicrobial analysis against selected microbes. The soap making process was done by the saponification reaction between the mixture of palm oil and coconut oil with sodium hydroxide through cold and hot processes. Distilled water and ethanol were used as solvents for melinjo peel extraction. The quality test was done by determining insoluble fraction in ethanol, free alkali, and unsaponified fatty matter. An antimicrobial activity test was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. The result shows that the quality test fit with INS 2016 for all the criteria except for unsaponified fatty acid in the cold process soap bar. Inhibition zone of organic soap bar sequentially decreased against the growth of Tricophytone mentagrophytes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Therefore, the organic soap bar with melinjo peel extract shows a good potential to be used as an antimicrobial soap.
IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST OF SOME COMPOUNDS FROM METHANOL EXTRACT PEEL OF BANANA (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) Sri Atun; Retno Arianingrum; Sri Handayani; Rudyansah Rudyansah; Mary Garson
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 7, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (181.933 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.21718

Abstract

The objective of these research was measured activity as antioxidant some compounds in methanol extracts of peel of banana (Musa paradisiaca Linn.), isolated some compounds which had activities as antioxidant, and determined this structure. Method of this study was extracted powdered peel of banana with methanol at room temperature. Extract was concentrated in vaccuo and then successively was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, etyl acetate, and buthanol. Antioxidant test from each fractions was measured by hydroxyl radical scavenger test with Fenton reaction method. The result of this study showed activity each fractions as  hydroxyl radical scavenger activity of chloroform, etyl acetate, and buthanol fraction were IC50 693.15; 2347.40; and 1071.14 mg/mL respectively. The isolation of secondary metabolite compounds from chloroform fraction obtained two isolate compounds. Identification by spectroscopy IR,  MS, 1H and 13C NMR one and two dimension showed that the compounds are 5,6,7,4'-tetrahidroxy-3,4-flavan-diol and a new compound cyclohexenon derivative (2-cyclohexene-1-on-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-O-2'-hydroxypropyl ether).
DEVELOPMENT OF SIMPLE ANALYTICAL METHOD OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID BY PROPANOIC ACID DETERMINATION USING ALKALIMETRIC TITRATION Sri Handayani; Cornelia Budimarwanti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (163.124 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.21740

Abstract

The content of omega-3 in the fish oil capsules have been determined by alkalimetrie titration method. This method has been done in three ways. Firstly, fatty acids were oxidized by KMnO4 using H2SO4 as catalyst. Secondly, propanoic acid as the result of oxidation was separated by distillation. Furthermore, distillated propanoic acid was titrated. Precision, accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of the research were good enough for further development as a routine method for determination of omega-3 content.
OPTIMIZATION OF TIME REACTION AND HYDROXIDE ION CONCENTRATION ON FLAVONOID SYNTHESIS FROM BENZALDEHYDE AND ITS DERIVATIVES Sri Handayani; Sunarto, Sunarto,; Susila Kristianingrum
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (331.09 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.21825

Abstract

The aim of this research is to determine the optimum time of reaction and concentration of hydroxide ion on chalcone, 4-methoxychalcone and 3,4-dimethoxychalcone synthesis. Chalcone and its derivatives were synthesized by dissolving KOH in ethanol followed by dropwise addition of acetophenone and benzaldehyde. Then, the mixture was stirred for several hours. Three benzaldehydes has been used, i.e : benzaldehyde, p-anysaldehyde and veratraldehyde. The time of reaction was varied for, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 hours. Furthermore, on the optimum reaction time for each benzaldehyde the hydroxyl ion concentration was varied from 5,7,9,11 and 13%(w/v). The results of this research suggested that the optimum time of chalchone synthesis was 12 hours, while, 4-methoxychalcone and 3,4-dimethoxychalcone were 30 hours. The optimum concentration of hydroxide ion of chalcone synthesis was 13% and for 4-methoxychalcone and 3,4-dimethoxychalcone were 11%.
Microwave-Assisted Organic Reactions: Eco-friendly Synthesis of Dibenzylidenecyclohexanone Derivatives via Crossed Aldol Condensation Sri Handayani; Cornelia Budimarwanti; Winarto Haryadi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (297.057 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.25460

Abstract

The synthesis of dibenzylidenecyclohexanone derivatives via environmentally friendly Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS) crossed aldol condensation had been carried out. The condensation reaction to synthesize the dibenzylidenecyclohexanone 8b was performed by reacting benzaldehyde 4 and cyclohexanone 2 (mole ratio of 2:1) with NaOH as catalyst for 2 min under microwave irradiation. The benzaldehyde derivatives used in this study were 4-methoxybenzaldehyde and 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and gave of (2E,6E)-bis(4-methoxy benzylidene)cyclohexanone 8a and (2E,6E)-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone 8c, respectively. The study was commenced by searching the optimum concentration of NaOH. The reaction yield was determined by TLC scanner and the structure was elucidated by FTIR and NMR spectrometers. For the comparison, the reaction was also carried out by using stirring method. The results showed that optimum concentration of NaOH was 5 mmole. By using the optimum condition via MAOS method, the compounds 8a, 8b and 8c were obtained in 100, 98 and 93%, respectively. The research also proved that the method of dibenzylidenecyclohexanones (8) synthesis using MAOS was more efficient than stirring method.