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All Journal Buletin Udayana Mengabdi Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur Harmonia: Journal of Research and Education Jurnal METTEK (Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional Dalam Bidang Ilmu Teknik Mesin) Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi Tematik : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Komunikasi

I Ketut Adi Sugita

Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Udayana, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Bali

Author-ID : 2940734

Arts Computer Science & IT Education Energy Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Analisis penggunaan media pendingin pada proses pendinginan perunggu gamelan Bali I Ketut Gede Sugita; IGN Priambadi; Cok Istri Putri Kusuma K
Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur Vol 2, No.1 Juni 2007
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Udayana

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The process of making Bali Music Instrument (Gamelan Bali) included moulding, forging, adjustment of harmony (called sruti), and finally finishing process. In commonly application, there were some different media that used in the cooling process, however generally water was used as cooling media. The cooling media has an important effect on mechanical property of the materials. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of cooling media on mechanical properties of Gamelan Bali. The specimens are the casting product between copper and tin with compotition 80%Cu – 20%Sn. The treatment on specimen comprised machining process, heating to 500°C in an electrical furnace followed by 60 minute holding time. The cooling process was conducted with the cooling media of water, oil, and air, respectively. The crack toughness testing was then applied by using an ASTM E 399-90 standard test machine. The results showed that the cooling with water resulted in the highest crack toughness; on the contrary the air resulted in the lowest.

Densitas dan Kegagalan Produksi pada Proses Produksi Genta Bali I Ketut Gede Sugita; I G N Priambadi; Ketut Astawa
Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur Vol 13 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Udayana

Proses pembuatan lonceng tradisional berbahan perunggu dilakukan dengan proses pengecoran. Bahan yang biasa digunakan dalam produksi lonceng tradisional adalah paduan perunggu denganperbandingan persentase tembaga (Cu) 80% dan timah (Sn) 20%. Paduan ini memiliki sifat mekanik dan akustik yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kuningan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan karakteristik kepadatan dan cacat cor dalam proses produksi lonceng tradisional. Paduan perunggu dilebur dalam tungku crucible pada temperatur tuang 1000, 1050, 1100 °C. Paduan yang telah mencair dituang ke dalam cetakan permanen yang telah dipanaskan terlebih dahulu pada temperatur 200, 300, 400°C. Billet hasil coran dipotong-potong dan dimanufacturing untuk pembuatan spesimen uji densitas dan porositas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi temperatur penuangan mempengaruhi densitas dan cacat hasil coran. Semakin tinggi temeratur tuang berdampak pada semakin banyak cacat yang terjadi, terutama cacat-cacat porositas. Porositas material yang lebih kecil berpengaruh pada kualitas akustik yang lebih baik. The process of making traditional bells made of bronze alloys is a casting process. Materials commonly used in the production of traditional bells are bronze with a percentage of copper (Cu) of 80% and tin (Sn) of 20%. This alloy has better mechanical and acoustic properties compared to brass. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of density and cast defects in the traditional bell production process. The bronze alloy was melted in a crucible furnace at a temperature of 1000, 1050, 1100°C. The melted alloys were poured into a permanent mold that has been heated at a temperature of 300°C. Castings billets were cut into pieces and manufactured for making density and casting defect test specimens. The results showed that the variation of the pouring temperature affected the density and casting defects. The higher the pouring temperature has an impact on the more cast defects, especially the porosity of the cast. Low porosity affects better acoustic quality.

The Effect of Forging Process on the Fracture Toughness and Hardness of Bronze as Gamelan Instrument Material IGN. Priambadi; IKG Sugita; CI Putri Kusuma K; IGN. Nitya Santhiarsa
Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur Vol 3, No.2 Oktober 2009
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Udayana

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Bronze especially tin-bronze is most used as base material in making of music instrument such as bell, gamelan and others music instrument. In making of gamelan product, tin-bronze which is alloying between cooper and tin are cast, forged, harmonized and finished finally. Production process and composition are important thing should be noticed. Composition to be used by craftsman is very various depend on customary. In this research, the problem to be investigated is how much the hardness change and fracture toughness due to variation of deformation level. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of deformation level on the hardness and fracture toughness of gamelan base material, so that is hoped can yield bronze good quality as gamelan base material. At melting process of specimen, bronze is made with composition 77,5%Cu – 22,5% Sn according to craftsman composition used. The levels of specimen deformation are 5%, 10%, and 15%. Before forging process, specimens are given heat treatment with temperature 800oC during 30 minutes. Measurement of material hardness use of Vickers Method and fracture toughness test use of Three Point Bending (ASTM E 399-90) model. The result of research shows that t, the higher hardness and fracture toughness to be obtained.

Rancangan Alkaline Fuel Cell Sederhana dengan Menggunakan Stainless Steel sebagai Elektrodanya I Made Suardamana; Made Sucipta; I Ketut Gede Sugita; Made Suarda
Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur Vol 7 No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Udayana

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Penggunaan stainless steel sebagai material elektroda pada alkaline fuel cell telah diteliti. Adabeberapa tipe/seri stainless steel yang mudah didapatkan di pasaran, yaitu seri 430 dan seri304. Pada penelitian ini telah dikaji penggunaan kedua seri pelat stainless steel tersebut biladigunakan sebagai elektroda dengan disusun secara seri pada rangkaian pengujiannya.Rangkain seri tersebut dirancang untuk penggunaan 1 pasang, 2 pasang dan 3 pasangelektroda. Selama pengujian, untuk melihat pengaruhnya tersebut, konsentrasi KOH yangdigunakan sebagai elektrolit juga divariasikan dari konsentrasi 10% sampai 70% berbasismassa. Dimensi efektif elektroda yang digunakan adalah sebesar 90 mm x 200 mm, denganjarak antar anoda dan katoda sebesar 10 mm. Supply hidrogen dan oksigen dijaga masingmasingpada tekanan 1 bar dan 0,5 bar secara berturut-turut. Hasil pengujian menunjukkanbahwa dengan perbedaan konsentrasi KOH pada elektrolit akan memberikan suhu operasiyang berbeda. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi KOH semakin tinggi pula suhu elektrolit yangdihasilkan. Performa alkaline fuel cell yang lebih baik ditunjukkan bila menggunakan pelatstainless steel seri 304 dibandingkan menggunkan pelat stainless steel seri 430, dan padakonsentrasi KOH yang paling tinggi dicapai performa yang paling tinggi pula. Pengunaan 3pasang elektroda yang tersusun seri juga menunjukkan hasil yang terbaik dibandingkandengan menggunakan 1 atau 2 pasang elektroda, baik itu dari sisi tegangan, arus dan dayalistrik yang dihasilkan.Kata Kunci: Alkaline fuel cell, stainless steel, susunan elektroda, konsentrasi KOH, performaThe use of stainless steel as an electrode material in alkaline fuel cells has been investigated.There are several types/series stainless steel that is easily available in the market, namely the430 series and 304 series. In this studies, the use of the series of stainless steel plates whenused as electrodes arranged in series with the circuit testing have examined. Combination of theseries is designed to use 1 pair, 2 pairs and 3 pairs of electrodes. During the test, to see theeffect, the concentration of KOH used as the electrolyte in this experiment is also varied from10% to 70% based on mass. Dimensions of effective electrode used in this experiment is equalto 90 mm x 200 mm, the distance between the anode and cathode is kept at 10 mm. Supply ofhydrogen and oxygen respectively maintained at a pressure of 1 bar and 0.5 bar respectively.The test results showed that the difference in concentration of KOH electrolyte will give adifferent operating temperature. The higher concentration of KOH, the higher electrolytetemperature will be generated. Alkaline fuel cell better performance demonstrated when usingstainless steel plates 304 series instead of using the stainless steel plate 430 series, and at thehighest concentration of KOH, the highest performance is achieved anyway. The use of 3 pairsof electrodes are arranged series also showed the best results compared to using 1 or 2 pairs ofelectrodes, both in terms of voltage, current and power output.Keyword: Alkaline fuel cell, stainless steel, electrode composition, KOH concentration,performance

Pengaruh Perlakukan Alkali terhadap Sifat Fisik, dan Mekanik Serat Kulit Buah Pinang Cokorda Putri Kusuma Kencanawati; I Ketut Gede Sugita; NPG Suardana; I Wayan Budiasa Suyasa
Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur Vol 11 No 1 (2018): Published in April 2018
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Udayana

Makalah ini menganalisis pengaruh perlakukan alkali dan tanpa perlakukan alkali terhadap karakateristik fisik, morfologi dan sifat mekanik serat kulit buah pinang (areca Catechu L.). Selama ini pemanfaatan limbah pertanian belum dilakukan secara maksimal, sehingga dapat menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan. Serat kulit buah pinang (Areca Husk Fiber/AHF) selama ini hanya dipergunakan sebagai bahan bakar biomassa dan media tanam sedangkan untuk pemanfaatan lain belum ada sama sekali. AHF diberi perlakukan NaOH 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% dan 10% dengan waktu perendaman 2 jam pada temperatur kamar, untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik AHF maka dilakukan pengukuran panjang dan diameter serat, pengujian densitas, pengujian kadar air dan moisture sedangkan untuk mengetahui karakteristik mekanik dilakukan pengujian tarik serat tunggal sesuai dengan ASTM D 3379. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa diameter AHF mengalami pengurangan diameter akibat perlakukan alkali, hal ini terkait dengan hilangnya kandungan lignin, pektin dan wax. Densitas AHF menurun dengan meningkatan prosentase NaOH bila dibandingkan dengan AHF tanpa perlakukan NaOH. Kekuatan tarik bervariasi dengan adanya perlakuan alkali. Kekuatan tarik AHF tertinggi pada serat yang mengalami perlakukan NaOH 5% yaitu sebesar 165 Mpa dan kekuatan tarik terendah pada AHF dengan perlakuan Alkali 10% yaitu sebesar 137 MPa . This paper analyzes the effect of alkali and non-alkali treatments on the physical characteristics, morphology and mechanical properties of betel nut huks fiber (areca Catechu L.). the used of agricultural waste has not been done optimally, causing environmental pollution. Areca Husk Fiber (AHF) only used as biomass fuel and planting medium, while for the other uses it has not existed. AHF was given 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% NaOH treatment with 2 hours immersion at room temperature, to known the physical characteristics of AHF then measured the length and diameter of fiber, density test, water content and moisture test. Mechanical characteristics of single fiber tensile testing in accordance with ASTM D 3379. From this study that known the diameter of AHF has a reduction in diameter due to alkaline treatment, this is related to loss of lignin, pectin and wax content. The density of AHF decreases with the percentage increase of NaOH when compared with AHF without the treatment of NaOH. Tensile strength varies with alkaline treatment. The highest AHF tensile strength in treated fibers was 5% NaOH of 165 Mpa and lowest tensile strength in AHF with 10% Alkali treatment of 137 MPa.

Analisis Koefisien Absorpsi Bunyi Pada Komposit Penguat Serat Alam Dengan Menggunakan Alat Uji Tabung Impedansi 2 Microphone Cok Istri Putri Kusuma Kencanawati; I Ketut Gede Sugita; I Gusti Ngurah Priambadi
Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur Vol 9 No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Udayana

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Abstrak:Dalam perambatannya gelombang bunyi dapat di halangi dengan menggunakan suatu medium yang memiliki sifat-sifatkedap suara, sehingga energi yang ditransmisikan akan mampu dikurangi/dihambat oleh medium tersebut. Salah satumetode yang dapat dipergunakan untuk mengetahui kemampuan peredaman (koefisien absorpsi) suatu mediumterhadap gelombang bunyi yang datang dapat diketahui dengan menggunakan Tabung Impedansi 2 Microphone.Sedangkan sebagai mediumnya adalah panel komposit. Mengingat dalam perkembangan ilmu bahan saat ini banyak digunakan komposit dengan penguat serat alam, dan salah satu sifat yang dikaji adalah sifat akustiknya. Kajian ini lebihmenitik beratkan sifat akustik komposit berpenguat serat alam, mengingat selama ini banyak serat alam yang terbuangpercuma menjadi limbahsehingga mencemari lingkungan. Jenis-jenis serat alam yang digunakan sebagai penguatantara lain : serat serabut kelapa, serat jerami, serat batang pisang, serat nenas, serat kapuk dan serat batang kelapasawit, sedangkan frekuensi pengukuran koefisien absorpsi terhadap medium ini berkisar anatra 200 hz sampai dengan1400 hz, dengan ketebalan spesiemn uji antara 2 mm sampai dengan 4 mmdengan menggunakan metode pengujianTabung impedansi 2 mikrophone, sesuai dengan standart ISO 10534-2:1998 and American Standart forTestingMaterials (ASTM) E1050-98. Dalam kajian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pada frekuensi rendah koefisienabsorpsi bahan cukup tinggi antara 0,4 sampai dengan 0,6 dan kemampuan serap bunyi ini akan menurun denganmeningkatnya frekuensi, sedangkan pengaruh ketebalan bahan juga mempengaruhi sifat akustiknya.Kata kunci: komposit, serat alam, koefisien absorpsi, tabung impedansiAbstract:In the propagation of sound waves can be prevented by using a medium that has properties soundproofed, so that thetransmitted energy to be able to be reduced / inhibited by the medium. One method that can be used to determine theability of damping (absorption coefficient) of a medium to a sound wave that comes can be determined by using theImpedance Tube 2 Microphone. Meanwhile, as the medium is a composite panel. Given the development of materialsscience is currently widely used composites with natural fiber amplifier, and one trait studied is its acoustic properties.This study focuses Composite acoustic properties of natural fibers, considering that many natural fiber is wasted intolimbahsehingga pollute the environment. The types of natural fibers used as reinforcement include: fiber coconut fiber,fiber straw, fiber trunks of banana, pineapple fiber, cotton fiber and fiber rod palm oil, while the frequency ofmeasurement of the absorption coefficient of the medium range anatra 200 hz to 1400 hz, with test spesiemn thicknessbetween 2 mm to 4 mmdengan impedance tube testing using two microphones, according to standard ISO 10534-2:1998 and American standard for TestingMaterials (ASTM) E1050-98. In this study we concluded that low-frequencyhigh enough absorption coefficient of materials between 0.4 up to 0.6 and the sound absorption capability will decreasewith increasing frequency, while the influence of the thickness of the material also affects its acoustic properties.Keywords: composites, natural fibers, the absorption coefficient, impedance tube

Efek Dendrite Arm Spacing terhadap Sifat Mekanis Paduan Perunggu Cu-20%Sn I Ketut Gede Sugita; R. Soekrisno; I Made Miasa; Suyitno -
Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur Vol 4, No.2 Oktober 2010
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Udayana

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The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of dendrite arm spacing on mechanical properties bronze20%Sn alloys The commercial pure copper and tin were melted in crucible furnace at temperature 1000oC. The molten metalwas casted in permanent moulds which have variation temperature, i.e. 35oC, 200oC, 400oC. The history of coolingtemperature on castings was recorded using a computer aided data acquisition Lab view 8.2 system.The microstructure and mechanical properties of this alloy have been investigated. The results of this researchindicate that decreasing the mould temperature affected on increasing solidification rate that caused to reduce thesolidification time. On the other hand, the difference of solidification rate have effected on microstructure forms. Thedendrite arm spacing (DAS) decreases with increasing solidification rate. DAS affected on mechanical properties i.e.ultimate tensile strength and hardness as cast. The mechanical properties increase with decreasing DAS.

Redesain Tempat Kerja Untuk Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Dalam Proses Peleburan Paduan Perunggu Perajin Gamelan Bali Di Desa Tihingan IGN. Priambadi; IKG. Sugita
Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur Vol 7 No 2 (2014): Oktober 2014
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Udayana

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Gamelan Bali merupakan suatu alat akustik yang keberadaannya dimanfaatkan sebagai salahsatu sarana pendukung dalam melakukan upacara ritual bagi umat Hindu di Bali. Desa Tihinganadalah merupakan ikon dari gamelan Bali, karena desa ini terkenal dengan produksi gamelannyadan terkenal sampai ke Mancanegara. Proses pembuatan gamelan dimulai dari peleburanpaduan perunggu, forging, serta pelarasan yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nada dasar daribilah gamelan. Proses peleburan adalah merupakan peleburan paduan perunggu yang terdiridari unsur 80 % Cu dan 20 % Sn, dimana komposisi tersebut secara konvensional dipakai olehperajin untuk menjaga kualitas gamelan yang dihasilkan. Pada proses peleburan paduanperunggu temperatur yang diperlukan ± 1083 o C, pencapaian temperatur ini tentunyamenyebabkan temperatur lingkungan tempat kerja menjadi tinggi. Berdasarkan studi yangdilakukan temperatur tempat kerja perajin diukur dengan metode MRT rata-rata mencapai 42,69± 0,73 o C, temperatur ini menunjukkan kondisi tempat kerja kurang nyaman. Berdasarkankondisi tersebut, maka dilakukan studi terhadap tempat kerja perajin agar paparan panas yangterjadi dapat dikurangi sehingga tempat kerja perajin dapat ditingkatkan kenyamanannya. Studiyang dilakukan adalah mendesain ulang tempat kerja dengan memperhatikan konseppenugasan, lingkungan dan organisasi kerja. Penerapan ketiga konsep ini dalam prosespendesainan ulang (redesain) pada tempat kerja perajin dimulai dari paparan panas yang terjadi,selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan dimensi dari tempat kerja yang didasarkan atas konseptermodinamika. Studi yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa redesain yang dilakukanmemberikan dampak yang positif terhadap kondisi lingkungan tempat kerja. Kondisi lingkungantempat kerja perajin secara thermodinamika menunjukkan bahwa faktor kenyamanan mengalamipeningkatan. Adapun perubahan dimensi bangunan sebelum redesain (S1) dan sesudahredesai (S2 ) tersebut mulai dari ketinggian total bangunan meningkat 35,33 %, perubahanterhadap volume ruang tempat kerja meningkat 26,19 %, luas ventilasi bertambah sebesar 6,08%. .Kata kunci : Redesain, kenyamanan, peleburan, paduan perungguThe Balinese gamelan is an acoustic instrument which existence was used as one means ofsupport in performing ritual for Hindus in Bali. The village is famous for the production of gamelanand well-known internationally. Gamelan-making process starts from a bronze alloy casting,forging, and tunings which aims to get the basic tone of the blades gamelan. Casting processis an amalgamation of bronze alloy consisting of elements of 80% Cu and 20% Sn, wherein thecomposition is conventionally used to maintain the quality of the resulting gamelan. In thebronze alloy casting process required temperature ± 1083 ° C is certainly causing temperaturesworkplace environment becomes high. Based on studies conducted, workplace temperaturemeasured by the method MRT average reached 42.69 ± 0.73 ° C, the temperature shows lesscomfortable working conditions. Under these conditions, then study was made of workplaceartisans so that heat exposure occurs can be reduced so that the workplace can be improved.Studies conducted is redesigning the workplace by taking into account the concept of theassignment, environmental and labor organizations. The third application of this concept in theprocess of redesign the craftsmen work starts from heat exposure occurs, then performed thecalculation of the dimensions of the workplace that is based on the concept of thermodynamics. itcan be concluded that the redesign made a positive impact on condition of the workplaceenvironment. Environmental conditions in the workplace indicates that the comfort factor hasincreased. The change in the dimensions of the building before the redesign (S1) and afterredesai (S2) of the total height of the building ranging from increased 35.33%, changes to thevolume of work space increased 26.19%, ventilation increases by 6.08%.Keywords: Redesigning, comfort, casting, bronze alloy

Pengaruh Panjang Serat Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Kekuatan Impact Greencomposite Serat Kulit Buah Pinang dengan Matriks Getah Pinus Cok Istri Putri Kusuma kencanawati; NPG Suardana; I Ketut Gede Sugita; I W Budiasa Suyasa
Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur Vol 12 No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Udayana

Penelitian pemanfaatan bahan-bahan alam dalam bidang rekayasa komposit sudah menjadi sesuatu yang penting, mengingat semakin terbatasnya sumberdaya yang ada serta permasalahan lingkungan yang dapat terjadi dari penggunaan bahan-bahan non alami. Penelitian greencomposite getah pinus yang diperkuat dengan serat kulit buah pinang ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik mekanik berupa kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan Impact dengan memvariasikan panjang serat kulit buah pinang yaitu serbuk (5 mesh), 10 mm, 20 mm, dan 30 mm dengan fraksi volume 85% matrik getah pinus 15% serat kulit buah pinang. Dari hasil pengujian didapat harga kekuatan tarik tertinggi dimiliki oleh komposit dengan panjang serat 30 mm yaitu 13, 677 MPa, dengan elengation 8,998% , kekuatan Impact tertinggi dimiliki oleh greencomposite dengan panjang serat 30 mm yaitu 0,0097 j/mm2 Research on the utilization of natural materials in the field of composite engineering has become something important, given the limited resources available and environmental problems that can occur from the use of non-natural materials. The research of greencomposite pine resin which is reinforced with areca husk fibers purposed to determine the mechanical characteristics of tensile strength and Impact strength by varying the length of areca husk fibers are powder (5 mesh), 10 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm with a volume fraction of 85% pine resin and 15% areca husk fibers. From the test results obtained the highest tensile strength is owned by a composite with the fibers length of 30 mm, 13.677 MPa and elangation of 8.998%, the highest Impact strength is owned by a greencomposite with a fibers length of 30 mm which is 0,0097 j/mm2.

Distribusi Kekerasan dan Total Case Depth Baja Karbon Rendah Setelah Proses Pack Carburizing Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Negara; I Ketut Gede Sugita; IGN Arimbawa
Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur Vol 8 No 1 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Udayana

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi kekerasan dan menentukan total casedepth baja karbon rendah setelah proses pack carburizing dengan variasi temperaturpemanasan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan media karburasi 80% arang tulangkambing dan 20% enrgizer CaCO3. Variasi temperatur pemanasan yang digunakan adalah8500C, 9000C dan 9500C, diholding selama 4 jam dan didinginkan dengan air. Total case depthdiperoleh dengan menentukan kedalaman dimana kekerasan bahan tanpa perlakuan samadengan kekerasan bahan setelah proses pack carburizing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwasemakin tinggi temperatur pemanasan semakin tinggi distribusi kekerasan. Sampai kedalaman2,5 mm, semakin jauh dari permukaan semakin rendah kekerasan yang dicapai. Total casedepth didapat sampai kedalaman 2,5 mm, setelah itu kekerasan relatif sama antara materialtanpa dan dengan perlakuan. Kekerasan tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 241,629 VHN pada jarak0,5 mm dari permukaan dengan temperatur pemanasan 9500C.Kata Kunci: Total case depth, pack carburizing, energizer, kekerasanThis study aims to determine the hardness distribution and total case depth of low carbon steelafter pack carburizing process with heating temperature variation. The study was conducted byusing a carburizing medium 80% goat bones charcoal and 20% energizer CaCO3. Heatingtemperature variations were carried out at 8500C, 9000C and 9500C, holding during 4 hours andcooled with water. The total case depth was obtained by determining the depth where thehardness of the untreated and treated materials was the same relatively. The results showed thatthe higher heating temperature the higher hardness distribution. The deeper of distance thelower hardness obtained until 2,5 mm depth. The total case depth was obtained until 2.5 mm.After this distance the hardness between untreated and treated materials was the same. Thehighest hardness reached 241.629 VHN at a distance of 0.5 mm from the surface with heatingtemperature 9500C.Keywords: Total case depth, pack carburizing, energizer, hardness

Co-Authors A.A.I.A. Sri Komaladewi A.A.I.A.S. Komala Dewi A.A.I.K. Dewi CI Putri Kusuma K Cok Istri Putri Kusuma K Cok Istri Putri Kusuma Kencanawati Damianus Manesi Dedy Haryanto Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Negara G.B. Heru K Giarno . Hendra Wijaksana I Gede Nyoman Ambara Yasa I Gusti Ngurah Nitya Santhiarsa I Gusti Ngurah Priambadi I K. A. Atmika I K.G. Wirawan I Ketut Muka I M. Suartika I M. Sudarma I Made Miasa I Made Parwata I Made Suardamana I Nengah Suarnadwipa I Nengah Wirakesuma, I Nengah I Nyoman Budiarsa . I Nyoman Suprapta Winaya I Putu Abdi Purnawan I W BUDIARSA SUYASA I Wayan Adnyana I Wayan Suardana I Wayan Wahyu Ivan Mahendrajaya I.G.N. Priambadi I.K.A. Atmika I.K.G. Wirawan Ida Bagus Giri Asmara IGN Arimbawa K Astawa K. Astawa K. Astawa Kadek Suar Wibawa Ketut Astawa Komang Ardana Kondra, I Wayan Made Suarda Made Sucipta Mulya Juarsa N. W. S. Aryani Nathaniel Ezer Putra Darmawan Ni Nyoman Pujianiki NPG Suardana putri kusuma kencanawati Putu Brahmanda Sudarsana Putu Deta Yoga Pramana Putu Lokantara R. Soekrisno Remawa, Anak Agung Gede Rai Rey Bernard Ruta, I Made Suyitno - Totton, Mary Louise

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