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Issuance of Environmental Approvals Based on the Precautionary Principle: A Legal Study Nuril Firdausiah; Iwan Rachmad Soetijono; Galuh Puspaningrum
Rechtenstudent Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Rechtenstudent August 2025
Publisher : Sharia Faculty, Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/rch.v6i2.362

Abstract

On October 5 2020 the government and the people's representative council passed a new law, namely Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation which raises pros and cons. These changes are based on simplifying licensing. Which changes the nomenclature of environmental permits to environmental approval. Permits are clearly a state administration decision as regulated in Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, whereas normative approval does not have an explicit meaning as a state administration decision. Furthermore, the change in norms is also accompanied by the elimination of the community's right to responsibility towards the government as the permit giver which was originally stipulated in Article 38 of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning environmental protection and management. Environmental permit violations that occur do not have any impact on the business permit. The government only provides punishment in the form of a warning to violators.
Legal Protection of Notary Employees As Instrumental Witnesses In The Making of Notary Deeds Hais Subaga Athazada; Nuzulia Kumala Sari; Iwan Rachmad Soetijono
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i4.3315

Abstract

The existence of notaries as public officials plays an important role in the drafting of authentic deeds, which function as perfect legal evidence in legal relationships within society. In the process of drafting authentic deeds, the presence of instrumental witnesses constitutes a formal requirement that must be fulfilled to maintain the authenticity of the deed. In notarial practice, instrumental witnesses are generally notary employees because they are considered to understand the procedures and technical aspects of deed Preparation. Problems arise when disputes concerning notary deeds occur, while legal protection for notary employees acting as instrumental witnesses have not been explicitly regulated under the Law on Notarial Office. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of notary employees acting as instrumental witnesses, the limits of their legal liability, and future legal arrangements regarding such protection. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory , conceptual , and case approaches. The results of the study indicates that the absence of explicit legal regulation concerning the protection of instrumental witnesses creates legal uncertainty in notarial practice. The legal responsibility of notary employees acting as instrumental witnesses is principally limited to formal aspects of deed execution rather than the substantive content of the deed. Therefore, a more comprehensive legal reform is necessary to provide legal certainty and protection for notary employees acting as instrumental witnesses.