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Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity and Magnetic Properties of CoFe2O4/TiO2-Ag/S for Visible Light-Driven Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Kunarti, Eko Sri; Agustiningsih, Dewi; Pambudi, Fajar Inggit; Syoufian, Akhmad; Santosa, Sri Juari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100142

Abstract

Environmental concerns drive the need for effective photocatalysts that can operate under visible light to degrade organic pollutants in wastewater. This study investigated TiO2-based photocatalyst doped with Ag and S to enhance its visible-light response, modified further with CoFe2O4 to introduce magnetic properties, resulting in a composite, CoFe2O4/TiO2-Ag/S. The synthesis was carried out by using cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and ferric nitrate nonahydrate for CoFe2O4 precursor, titanium tetraisopropoxide for TiO2 precursor, and silver nitrate with thiourea for Ag and S dopants. Results from characterization analyses, including FTIR, XRD, UV-vis, SEM-EDX, TEM, and VSM, confirmed the composite structure, with magnetic properties reflected in saturation magnetization of 10.69 emu g−1 and an extended UV-vis absorption edge indicating improved visible light activity. Photocatalytic tests for methylene blue degradation showed the highest performance (92%) with a 1:1 Ag:S ratio under visible light at pH 10 over 120 min, using 20 mg of catalyst in 5 ppm solution. Additionally, the composite demonstrated strong stability, retaining efficiency across six cycles of reuse.
Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Antibacterial Agents via ZnO/Eugenol Modification: Experimental and Computational Analysis Triatmaja, Karisma; Kunarti, Eko Sri; Suyanta, Suyanta; Widiakongko, Priyagung Dhemi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.97866

Abstract

The development of new antibacterial agents is proposed to solve the problem of drug-resistant bacterial strains caused by antibiotic misuse. The aim of this study was to improve the antibacterial activity by modifying graphene oxide (GO) using ZnO/eugenol and analyzing the interaction computationally. The study was started with GO synthesis using the modified Hummer method, followed by the dispersion of ZnO/eugenol through the mechanochemical method to GO to form GO/ZnO/eugenol composite. The composite was characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV-vis, SEM, and TEM. Results showed that the sonochemical method successfully prepared the GO/ZnO/eugenol composite. This material has better antibacterial E. coli activity than GO, with an inhibition zone of 11.5 mm in diameter, while pure GO showed no inhibition zone. MIC test presented that GO/ZnO/eugenol composite with 25 mg/mL suspension effectively prevented bacterial colony growth, while GO could only inhibit with 50 mg/mL suspension. Additionally, computational analysis through molecular docking suggested that the GO/ZnO/eugenol mechanism of action involves interference with DNA replication by hydrogenously interacting with the active site of DNA gyrase of E. coli bacteria. These findings highlight the potential of GO/ZnO/eugenol as a promising antibacterial agent for combating drug-resistant bacterial strains.
Introducing Cu(II) onto SiO2-TiO2 with Rice Husk Ash as the Source of Silica and Its Catalytic Activity for Kumada Cross-coupling Reaction to Produce Biphenyl Compound Agustiningsih, Dewi; Nuryono, Nuryono; Santosa, Sri Juari; Kunarti, Eko Sri
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.99296

Abstract

This research studied the preparation of SiO2-TiO2/Cu(II) by utilizing rice husk ash as the SiO2 precursor, and evaluated its efficiency as a heterogeneous catalyst in biphenyl synthesis through Kumada cross-coupling reaction, which is widely known as an important intermediate in pharmacology and agriculture manufacturing. In this study, the catalyst preparation was conducted by extracting SiO2 from rice husk ash, combining it with TiO2, and introducing Cu(II) onto its surface with CuCl2·2H2O as the precursor with various concentration of Cu(II). Comprehensive characterization using techniques such as IR, XRD, XRF, DLS, N2 isotherm adsorption-desorption, ICP-AES, STEM-EDS, TEM, UV-vis spectrometry, and TGA was conducted to examine the catalyst properties. Catalyst activity was evaluated in the Kumada cross-coupling reaction, using phenylmagnesium bromide and bromobenzene as reactants under stirring-heating condition, and the products were analyzed using GC-FID method. The characterization results indicated that the preparation of SiO2-TiO2/Cu(II) materials was successfully conducted and Cu(II) was formed as Cu(OH)2. The catalyst considerably promoted the Kumada cross-coupling reaction with a biphenyl yield of 78.85% at 50 °C for 6 h under stirring-heating method. Furthermore, catalyst reusability test demonstrated that the catalyst sustained performance over three cycles without losing its activity significantly. Interestingly, SiO2-TiO2 was observed to function primarily as support material and adsorbent, immobilizing Cu(II) and enhancing reactant reduction but not directly influencing biphenyl formation. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of SiO2-TiO2/Cu(II) catalyst preparation and its application in biphenyl synthesis, offering insights into catalyst design and performance optimization for future applications in organic synthesis.
Missing Linker Defects in Heterometallic (Zn/Cd)-MOF-5: A First-Principles Study of Structural Properties and Gas Interaction Pambudi, Fajar Inggit; Kunarti, Eko Sri; Cahyono, Robby Noor; Agusti, Nabila Nur
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 4 Year 2025 (December 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20464

Abstract

The defect structures in multicomponent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), specifically mixed-metal (Zn/Cd)-MOF-5, were investigated by examining the removal of a benzenedicarboxylate (bdc2-) linker. The defect formation, induced by the reaction with water, was studied, and the reaction energy was calculated to be relatively low, ranging from 0.24 eV to 0.60 eV. The removal of a bdc2- linker is energetically favourable when it is initially coordinated to both Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions. The electronic properties of defective (Zn/Cd)-MOF-5 were analyzed in terms of bandgap energy and density of states profile. The removal of the bdc2- linker slightly reduced the bandgap energy and affected the electronic states of both carbon and oxygen atoms. To evaluate the impact of defects, interactions with various gas molecules, including H2O, CO2, CO, H2S, and NO2, were studied. The defective (Zn/Cd)-MOF-5 showed a strong preference for H2O molecules, while CO2 exhibited the lowest binding preference among the gases studied. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).