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GENOTYPING OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN CEREBRAL AND OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS Mayashinta, Dearikha Karina; Halleyantoro, Ryan; Sari, Ika Puspa; Kurniawan, Agnes
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 8, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoon, spread world-wide and capable of infecting birds and mammals. Genetic information on T. gondii type that causes human toxoplasmosis is limited. In this study, genetic analysis of SAG2 locus was used to determine the genotype of T. gondii from cases with cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis in Indonesia. Genotype determination was done directly on the clinical samples. A number of 28 cerebrospinal fluid and 8 vitreous humor positively infected with T. gondii, underwent PCR-RFLP to classify each isolate into one of three genotypes of T. gondii. Type I was the most common found suggesting that cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis in Indonesia is mostly caused by type I strain of T. gondii.

Respons Imun terhadap Infeksi Strongyloides stercoralis Esy Maryanti; Agnes Kurniawan
Majalah Kedokteran UKI Vol. 27 No. 2 (2010): APRIL - JUNI
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33541/mkvol34iss2pp60

Abstrak Strongyloides stercoralis adalah nematoda usus yang mempunyai siklus hidup yang sangat kompleks, berbeda dari nematoda lain. Perbedaannya adalah cacing ini mempunyai siklus hidup bebas dan parasit yang bisa menyebabkan autoinfeksi. Manifestasi klinis terbanyak adalah asimtomatik tetapi dapat berubah menjadi penyakit fulminan yang fatal tergantung sistem kekebalan tubuh hospes. Respons imun seluler dan humoral adalah pertahanan tubuh yang sangat berperan terhadap infeksi cacing ini. Respons imun yang terjadi dapat memberikan gambaran klinis yang berbeda-beda mulai dari asimtomatis, ringan sampai berat seperti sindroma hiperinfeksi dan infeksi diseminata. Hal itu terbukti pada penderita imunosupresi akibat pemakaian steroid jangka panjang dan penderita HIV. Respons imun hospes juga dapat digunakan untuk mendiagnosis infeksi akibat cacing ini. Kata kunci: Strongyloides stercoralis, Respons imun seluler, Respon imun humoral. Abstract Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode which has a very complex life cycle. It has a free and parasitic life cycle which could cause autoinfection. Its infection mostly asymptomatic, however, it can change to a catastrophic fulminant disease, depends on the host immune system’s condition.The cellular and the humoral immune system has an important role in the defends mechanism against strongiloides’infection. The immune response could give different kinds of clinical manifestations, beginning with asymptomatic, with asymptomatic, mild up to catastrophic condition such as hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated infection. It could be proved among the immunosuppression patient due to the long term application of steroid and the HIV patient. The host immune responds could be used as the diagnosis tool of the Strongiloides’ infection. Key words: Strongyloides stercoralis, strongyloidiasis, cellular immune responds, humoral.immune responds.

Respons Imun pada Infeksi Cryptosporidium Sri Wahdini; Agnes Kurniawan
Majalah Kedokteran UKI Vol. 27 No. 3 (2010): JULI-SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33541/mkvol34iss2pp60

Abstrak Cryptosporidium sp. adalah parasit Coccidia yang menginfeksi sel-sel epitel usus vertebrata dan merupakan agen penyebab kriptosporidiosis. Individu imonokompeten dapat mengontrol dan mengeliminasi infeksi sehingga diare yang ditimbulkan dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya. Sementara itu, individu yang memiliki defek imunitas selular, sering mengalami diare kronis atau peresisten.dan kemungkinan ekstraintestinal seperti saluran empedu. Infeksi oleh parasit ini di kontrol oleh sistem imun alami dan didapat terutama imunitas yang diperantarai oleh sel. Kata kunci : Cryptosporidium sp, sistem imun alamiah, sistem imun didapat Abstract The Cryptosporidium sp. is Coccidia parasite which infects a variety of vertebrate hosts’ intestinal epithelial cells. It is the causative agent of cryptosporidiosis. The immunocompetent individual could control and eliminate the infection. Therefore the diarrhea could be cured itself. On the other hand, patients with the cellular immunity defect frequently suffer from persistent or chronic diarrhea. Furthermore, infection with Cryptosporidium sp. may also attack the biliary tract. The coccidia parasite infection be controlled by the innate and aquired immunity. Finally, the cell mediated immunity may play an important role in the control of this infection. Key words: Cryptosporidium sp. innate immune system, acquired immune system.

Infeksi Parasit dan Jamur pada Pasien HIV Retno Wahyuningsih; Agnes Kurniawan; Lisawati Susanto
Majalah Kedokteran UKI Vol. 26 No. 1 (2008): JANUARI-MARET
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33541/mkvol34iss2pp60

Abstrak Infeksi HIV yang dapat berakhir dengan AIDS merupakan ancaman bagi penduduk dunia masa kini. Banyak infeksi oportunistik yang menyertai penderita AIDS dengan manifestasi gangguan pada sistim pernafasan, pencernaan, dan otak. Di bawah ini diuraikan secara singkat gejala, diagnosis dan pengobatan parasite dan jamur yang berperan menyebabkan gangguan pada ketiga sistem tersebut hasil temuan di laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI. Kata Kunci : Candida, Cryptocaccus, Toxoplasma, Blastocystis, Cryptoporiditium Abstract HIV infection, which ends up in AIDS, is a globally human life threatening disease. There are may co-infection due to the opportunistic organism which might cause disturbances in the respiratory system, digestive tract, and central neural system. In this paper, the signs, diagnosis and the treatment of parasitic and fungal infection in the system mentioned above would be discussed based on the study conducted in the FKUI’s Departement of Parasitology. Key words : Candida, Cryptocaccus, Toxoplasma, Blastocystis, Cryptoporiditium

Nested PCR methods for detection Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene in Cerebrospinal Fluid of HIV patients Ryan Halleyantoro; Yunilda Andriyani; Ika Puspa Sari; Agnes Kurniawan
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 5, No 2 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v5i2.4840

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by infection of Toxoplasma gondii, Which may cause a life-threatening condition in immunocompromised patients, for example, Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE). It is challenging to diagnose Toxoplasma as a cause of central nervous system (CNS) infection in HIV patient, so we need an alternative method, which is a PCR detection of Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene.Objective: This research aimed to find association between PCR methods for Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene and anti-Toxoplasma IgG from cerebral spinal fluid patient HIV AIDS.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of HIV patients with neurological symptoms to determine Toxoplasma gondii infection using nested PCR methods for the B1 gene and detection of anti-Toxoplasma IgG.Results: 88 CSF samples from HIV patients tested using nested PCR showed 23 samples (26,1%) were positive. Serologic test for IgG Toxoplasma showed 34 samples were positive (28,6%). There was a significant correlation (p=0.000(<0.05) between PCR result and a serologic test for IgG Toxoplasma.Conclusion: Nested PCR methods to detect B1 gene increased the accuracy of diagnosis for toxoplasma encephalitis.

Cryptosporidiosis in children less than three years old in Ciliwung Riverside, Kampung Melayu Village, Jakarta, Indonesia Herbowo A. Soetomenggolo; Agus Firmansyah; Agnes Kurniawan; Partini P. Trihono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 48 No 2 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Cryptosporidium infection is often found in children,especially children below three years old. Many risk factors canaffect cryptosporidiosis prevalence. At this moment, the prevalenceand risk factors of cryptosporidiosis in children in Jakarta areunknown.Objectives To determine the cryptosporidiosis prevalence, clinicalmanifestations, and risk factors in children below three years old.Methods This cross sectional study involved 474 subjects betweenthe age of 0 to 35 months in Ciliwung riverside, Kampung Melayuvillage, from December 2005 until April 2006. Stool specimenswere examined using modified acid-fast staining. Nutritional statuswas measured based on actual body weight over ideal body weightratio (NCHS-CDC 2000).Results Cryptosporidium cysts were found in stool sample of 10/474 subject (2.1%). Most of the cases used ground water as asource for drinking and washing. All positive cases lived in houseswith bad sanitation, flooded house and 9/10 cases had a crowdedhousehold. Cat and mice were the two most frequently foundanimals around the house. We found five asymptomatic cases andall of the cases were undernourished.Conclusions The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in this study is2.1%. Due to small number of cases no risk factor could beidentified. Use of groundwater as a water source, bad sanitation,cat and mice around the house, flooded house, crowded householdand undernourishment might be related to cryptosporidiosisprevalence. Half of the infected children were asymptomatic.

Diagnosis and Management of Blastocystis Hominis Infection in Patient with HIV-AIDS Eka Ginanjar; Agnes Kurniawan; Teguh Hardjono; Ari Fahrial Syam; Ceva Wicaksono Pitoyo
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy VOLUME 8 ISSUE 2 August 2007
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24871/82200757-62

The incidence of AIDS/HIV infection has been increasing worldwide. Patients with AIDS/HIV infection is at high risk to get opportunistic infection which is often become life-threatening. Common infections associated with AIDS/HIV are tuberculosis (TB) infection and viral hepatitis. Commensal organism found in human body is actually not pathogenic. Blastocystis hominis is generally considered as commensal organism of intestinal tract and might cause opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS. We reported a case of young male patient with AIDS/HIV infection and evidence of opportunistic infection of Blastocystis hominis found in ascitic fluid along with concomitant lung TB and viral hepatitis. Patient was well-responded to treatment of B. Hominis. Keywords: AIDS/HIV infection, opportunistic infection, Blastocystis hominis

Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in Cerebral and Ocular Toxoplasmosis Dearikha Karina Mayashinta; Ryan Halleyantoro; Ika Puspa Sari; Agnes Kurniawan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 8 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.03.02

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoon, spread world-wide and capable of infecting birds and mammals. Genetic information on T. gondii type that causes human toxoplasmosis is limited. In this study, genetic analysis of SAG2 locus was used to determine the genotype of T. gondii from cases with cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis in Indonesia. Genotype determination was done directly on the clinical samples. A number of 28 cerebrospinal fluid and 8 vitreous humor positively infected with T. gondii, underwent PCR-RFLP to classify each isolate into one of three genotypes of T. gondii. Type I was the most common found suggesting that cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis in Indonesia is mostly caused by type I strain of T. gondii.Â

Diagnostic Value of Coproantigen for Detection of Giardia Infection in Stunted Children Octoviani, Fanny Anggraeni; Kurniawan, Agnes; Sari, Ika Puspa; Fauziah, Nisa; Faridah, Lia; Adrizain, Riyadi
Althea Medical Journal Vol 10, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v10n3.2860

Background: Giardiasis is a protozoa infection caused by Giardia intestinalis, which commonly infects children, impairing children’s growth, development, and cognitive function. Standard diagnosis is carried out by microscopic examination of stool. This study aimed to evaluate coproantigen examination in stunted children compared to microscopic examination.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on stools collected from a survey among stunted children in Bandung in 2019. Stools were preserved in 10% formaldehyde and kept at -20oC until used. Direct microscopy examination with 2% lugol solution and coproantigen ELISA test using Giardia Cryptosporidium (combo test) coproantigen test kit were performed in Parasitology Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia.Result: A total of 99 stools originated from stunted children aged 2-6 years. with boys predominant (52.5%). Microscopic examination showed that 12.1% (12/99) of the children were harboring intestinal parasites, such as the protozoa Giardia intestinalis, Blastocystis spp, and Entamoeba coli (E. coli). Giardia was the primary infection (9.1%), of which single Giardia infection (n = 8) and mixed infection of Giardia and Blastocystis spp (n = 1). Interestingly, coproantigen examination resulted in 6 positive samples, and 4 samples agreed with the microscopy result. With a sensitivity of 44.4% and a specificity of 97.7%. The positive and negative predictive values were 66.7% and 94.7%, respectively.Conclusion: A moderate prevalence of Giardia in stunted children in Bandung regency has been observed. The combo coproantigen test method has high specificity and is suitable for use as a confirmation test to exclude Giardia infection.

Parasitic infection and carcinogenesis Kurniawan, Agnes
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 32 No. 4 (2023): December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.ed.247397

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