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Studi Fenofisiologi Pembungaan Salak Gula Pasir sebagai Upaya Mengatasi Kegagalan Fruit-Set Rai, I Nengah; Semarajaya, CGA; Wiraatmaja, I Wayan
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Salak Gula Pasir secara alamiah berbunga setiap 3 bulan sekali atau empat kali setahun, tetapi dariempat kali musim pembungaan, hanya satu sampai dua musim pembungaan saja yang menghasilkan buah. Kegagalanfruit-set menyebabkan panen buah salak Gula Pasir bersifat musiman. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari fenofisiologipembungaan salak Gula Pasir untuk mengatasi kegagalan fruit-set dan memproduksi buah di luar musim. Penelitianmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan satu faktor perlakuan dan 20 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji ialah musimpembungaan terdiri atas tiga taraf, yaitu musim pembungaan sela I (April), musim pembungaan gadu (Juli), dan musimpembungaan sela II (Oktober). Penelitian dilakukan di kebun salak Gula Pasir milik petani di Desa Sibetan, KecamatanBebandem, Kabupaten Karangasem, mulai bulan Maret sampai November 2009. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadappertumbuhan bunga dan buah, iklim mikro, kandungan N, P, dan K jaringan daun, dan kandungan N, P, dan K tanah.Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam sesuai dengan rancangan yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwatanaman salak Gula Pasir yang diteliti dapat berbunga dengan baik pada sela I, gadu, dan sela II, tetapi persentasefruit-set pada gadu sangat rendah (20,53%) atau persentase bunga gugur sangat tinggi (79,47%). Tingginya persentasebunga gugur pada gadu berhubungan dengan kondisi iklim yang kurang mendukung, karena rendahnya intensitascurah hujan dan jumlah hari hujan, sehingga tanaman kekurangan air, yang ditunjukkan oleh rendahnya kandunganair relatif pada daun. Pembuahan salak Gula Pasir di luar musim dapat dilakukan dengan mengurangi persentasebuah gugur melalui pemberian air irigasi sebagai pengganti rendahnya curah hujan dan hari hujan.ABSTRACT. Rai, I. N., C.G.A. Semarajaya, and I. W. Wiraatmaja. 2010. A Study on the FloweringPhenophysiology of Gula Pasir Snake Fruit to Prevent Failure of Fruit-set. Flowering of Gula Pasir snake fruitnaturally occures once every 3 months or four times a year, but only one to two of flowering seasons succeeds toproduce fruit. Fruit-set failure causes the fruit harvest seasonally occurs. This research was aimed to study Floweringphenophysiology of Gula Pasir snake fruit to prevent failure fruit-set and to produce off-season fruit. A randomizedcomplete design with one treatment factor and 20 replications was used in the research. The treatment was floweringseason consisted of three levels i.e. sela I (April), gadu (July), and sela II (October). The research was conductedat a farmerâs snake fruit orchard in Sibetan Village, Bebandem Subdistrict, Karangasem Regency, from March toNovember 2009. Variables observed were flower and fruit growth, microclimate, N, P, and K leaf tissue content,and N, P, and K soil content. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (anova). The results showed that theability of the crop to flowering was the same between season of sela I, gadu, and sela II. However, the percentageof fruit-set at gadu was very low (20.53%) or flower drop was very high (79.47%). Due to unfavorable climaticecondition that was very low total rain day and rainfall. Therefore, the crop did not obtain sufficient water, that wasindicated by the lowest relative water content on leaf. Off-season fruit production of Gula Pasir snake fruit of couldbe established by decreasing the percentage of flower drop by utilyzing irrigation as the substitution of low totalrain day and rainfall.

Identifikasi Variabilitas Genetik Wani Bali (Mangifera caesia Jack.) dengan Analisis Penanda RAPD Rai, I Nyoman; Wijana, G; Semarajaya, C G A
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 2 (2008): Juni 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Wani Bali (Mangifera caesia Jack.) merupakan salah satu tanaman buah-buahan tropika tergolong kerabat mangga. Citarasa Wani Bali disukai konsumen karena daging buahnya memiliki aroma khas, rasanya manis, enak, dan daging buahnya tebal. Terdapat banyak kultivar Wani Bali dengan sifat spesifik buahnya masing-masing, tetapi secara genetik belum diketahui variabilitasnya. Penelitian ini betujuan mengidentifikasi variabilitas genetik Wani Bali dengan analisis penanda random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Februari sampai Desember 2006, berlokasi di seluruh sentra produksi Wani Bali di Bali. Pelaksanaan terdiri atas 3 tahap, yaitu (1) survei kultivar dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi karakter daun, bunga, dan buah, (2) pengumpulan sampel untuk analisis RAPD (biji dari kultivar yang telah diidentifikasi ditanam dalam polibag di rumah plastik, setelah bibit berumur 6 bulan, 5-6 lembar daunnya dipanen untuk sampel), dan (3) analisis penanda RAPD, dilakukan di Laboratorium Biomolekuler dan Immunologi, Unit Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan, Bogor. Berdasarkan karakter buahnya (bentuk, rasa, ukuran, dan warna kulit) teridentifikasi 22 kultivar Wani Bali, tetapi kultivar-kultivar tersebut tidak dapat dibedakan satu dengan yang lainnya berdasarkan habitus pohon, sifat percabangan, serta karakter daun dan bunga. Variabilitas genetik Wani Bali dianalisis dengan RAPD dengan keanekaragaman mencapai 43% terdiri atas 3 kelompok. Satu-satunya kultivar yang secara genetik sangat berbeda dengan yang lainnya adalah Wani Bali Ngumpen (kultivar tanpa biji) ditemukan di Desa Bebetin, Kabupaten Buleleng. Kultivar-kultivar yang berasal dari kabupaten yang sama dan atau pada 2 kabupaten yang berdekatan mengelompok pada kelompok yang sama, kecuali Wani Bali Ngumpen asal Desa Bebetin, Buleleng.ABSTRACT. Rai, I.N., G. Wijana, and C. G. A. Semarajaya. 2008. Identification of Genetic Variability of Wani Bali (Mangifera caesia Jack.) Using RAPD Analysis Marker. Wani Bali is one of tropical fruit which belongs to genus mangifera. Consumer prefers the fruit due to the specific flavor, sweet and delicious taste, and the thickness of edible pulp. There are many cultivars of Wani Bali with specific character. However, genetic variability has not been specified. The research was aimed to identify the genetic variability by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker. The research was conducted from February to December 2006, located at centrals of Wani Bali in Bali. It consisted of 3 steps (1) surveying of cultivars and identification of their leaf, flower, and fruit characters, (2) collecting sample for RAPD analysis (seed of identified cultivars grown in polybag at plastichouse and after 6 months seedling, 5-6 leaves were collected as sample), and (3) analyzing RAPD, which was conducted at Biomolecular and Immunology Laboratory, Research Unit of Plantation Biotechnology, Bogor. The results revealed that according to the fruit character (shape, taste, size, and skin color of fruit) had been identified 22 cultivars, but among cultivars could not be specified by plant shape, branch type, leaf and flower characters. There are 3 groups at 43% variability according to genetic variability of Wani Bali which was analyzed by RAPD. The sole cultivar genetically significantly different among the cultivars is Wani Bali Ngumpen (seedles cultivar) from Bebetin, Buleleng District. The cultivars that were planted at the same regency and/or at 2 neighbouring regencies genetically were clustered in 1 group, excluding Wani Bali Ngumpen from Bebetin, Buleleng District.

Pengendalian Getah Kuning Buah Manggis dengan Irigasi Tetes dan Pemupukan Kalsium I Nyoman Rai; I.W. Wiraatmaja; C.G.A. Semarajaya; I.G.K. Dana Arsana
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

ABSTRACTMangosteen is the largest exported fresh fruit from Indonesia, but only 20% of the total production can be exported due to low quality. Yellow latex or gamboge disorder is the main cause of low quality mangosteen fruit. This study aimed to control the yellow latex of the mangosteen fruit by using drip irrigation and calcium fertilization. The study was conducted at farmer’s mangosteen garden in Munduk Bestala village, Seririt Subdistrict, Buleleng Regency, from February to November 2009. The research was arranged as split plot design which consisted of two factors in a randomized block design. The main treatments were two levels of drip irrigation: drip irrigation and control, while the sub plot treatments were three levels dosage of calcium or gypsum: 0, 3, and 6 kg gypsum tree-1. The experiment was replicated nine times. The result of experiment indicated that interaction between drip irrigation and gypsum dosage has no significant different on yellow latex of mangosteen fruit. In contrast, drip irrigation decreased significantly yellow latex both at outer fruit skin and aril. The aril without yellow latex on drip irrigation treatment was 83.70%, whereas in control only 36.30%. Gypsum also increases the percentage of fruit aril without yellow latex. The highest percentage of fruit aril without yellow latex was obtained on 6 kg gypsum tree-1(70.00%), whereas the lowest was on 0 kg gypsum tree- 1( 54.44%).Key words: fruit quality, Garcinia mangostana , gypsum, relative water content, sugar contentABSTRAKManggis merupakan buah yang terbesar diekspor oleh Indonesia, namun hanya 20% dari total produksi dapat diekspor dikarenakan kualitas yang rendah. Getah kuning atau gambode disorder merupakan penyebab utama rendahnya kualitas buah manggis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengendalikan getah kuning pada tanaman manggis menggunakan irigasi tetes dan pemupukan kalsium. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun manggis milik petani di desa Munduk Bestala, kecamatan Seririt, kabupaten Buleleng dari bulan Februari sampai November 2009. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi dengan dua faktor dalam rancangan kelompok teracak. Perlakuan petak utama adalah dua tingkat irigasi tetes: irigasi tetes dan kontrol, sedangkan perlakuan anak petak adalah tiga dosis pemupukan kalsium atau gipsum: 0, 3, dan 6 kg gipsum pohon- 1. Percobaan diulang sebanyak sembilan kali. Hasil mengindikasikan tidak ada pengaruh nyata interaksi antara irigasi tetes dan dosis gipsum terhadap getah kuning. Sebaliknya, irigasi tetes secara nyata mengurangi getah kuning baik pada bagian luar kulit dan bagian daging buah. Daging buah tanpa getah kuning pada irigasi tetes adalah sebanyak 83.7%, sedangkan pada perlakuan kontrol hanya 36.30%. Gipsum juga meningkatkan persentasi daging buah tanpa getah kuning. Persentase tertinggi daging buah tanpa getah kuning diperoleh pada perlakuan 6 kg gipsum pohon-1(70.00%), sedangkan persentase terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan 0 kg gipsum pohon-1(54.44%).Kata kunci: Garcinia mangostana, gipsum, kandungan air relatif, kandungan gula, kualitas buah

Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Wani Tanpa Biji (Mangifera caesia Jack var. Ngumpen Bali) pada Berbagai Komposisi Media Tumbuh Rai I. N; C.G.A Semarajaya; I. W. Wiraatmaja; Ni K. Alit Astiari
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 2 (2013): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

ABSTRACTSeedless Wani is one of the superior local fruit germplasm. It has specific character due toseedlessness, thickness of edible pulp (aril) and fruit flavors preferred by consumers for sweet, delicious taste , and specific flavor. Demand of seedless wani seedling is very high, but it cannot be fulfilled because ofthe method/technique of effective propagation is unknown. Although called seedless wani but about 10% of its total fruit have seeds, and progenies derived from those seeds genetically similar to its parent. This studywas aimed to determine the best growing media composition on the growth of seedlings seedless Wani. This study was a pot experiment and used a randomized block design (RBD). The treatments tested were growing medium, consistins of four types i.e. mixture of soil + sand + organic matter ( v:v: v = 6:0:0), mixture of soil+ sand + organic matter ( v: v:v = 3:2: 1), mixture of soil + sand + organic matter ( v:v: v = 3:1:2), and mixture of soil + sand + organic matter (v:v:v = 2:3:1). The results showed that the composition of the growth media mixture of soil + sand + organic matter (v:v:v = 3:1:2) gave better seedling growth ( height, leaf number, and stem diameter) compared with other growing media. Based on these results, it is suggested to use composition of growing media mixture of soil + sand + orga nic matter (v:v:v = 3:1:2) forpropagation seedless Wani.Key words: growing media, organic matter, seedless Wani, seedlingABSTRAKWani Tanpa Biji merupakan salah satu plasma nutfah buah-buahan lokal yang sangat unggul. Wani tersebut mempunyai karakter spesifik yaitu buahnya tanpa biji, daging buah tebal, dan citarasa buahnya disukai konsumen karena enak, manis tanpa rasa asam, dan aromanya menarik. Permintaan terhadap bibit Wani Tanpa Biji sangat tinggi, tetapi belum bisa dipenuhi karena metode/teknik perbanyakan yang efektif belum diketahui. Walaupun disebut Wani Tanpa Biji, tetapi sekitar 10% dari total buah wani tersebut memiliki biji dan anakan yang berasal dari biji tersebut mempunyai sifat yang sama dengan induknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi media tumbuh yang terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan bibit wani tanpa biji. Penelitian ini merupakan percobaan pot dengan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT). Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah media tum buh, terdiri atas empat taraf yaitu: campuran tanah + pasir + (v:v:v = 6:0:0), campuran tanah + pasir + bahan organik (v:v:v = 3:2:1), campuran tanah + pasir + bahan organik (v:v:v = 3:1:2), dan campuran tanah + pasir + bahan organik (v:v:v = 2:3:1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi media tumbuh campuran tanah + pasir + bahan organik (v:v:v = 3:1:2) memberikan pertumbuhan bibit (tinggi, jumlah daun, dan diameter batang) yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan campuran media tumbuh lainnya. Berdasarkan atas hasil penelitian ini, disarankan pembibitan Wani Tanpa Biji menggunakan media tumbuh campuran tanah + pasir + bahan organik dengan komposisi 3:1:2.Kata kunci: media tumbuh, bahan organik, wani tanpa biji, bibit

Identifikasi dan Telaah Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Genetik Buah-buahan Lokal untuk Meningkatkan Integrasi Pertanian dan Pariwisata di Bali I Nyoman Rai; Gede Wijana; I Putu Sudana; I Wayan Wiraatmaja; C. G. A. Semarajaya; Ni Komang Alit Astiari
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2016): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture

ABSTRACTThe rapid growth of tourism in Bali raises new issues i.e. the decline of the agricultural sector. A model of development of integration of agriculture and tourism is required to avoid further imbalance in the development of tourism and agriculture. The objective of this study was to identify and study utilization of genetic resources of local fruits in order to improve agricultural and tourism integration. The research was conducted from March to December 2015 throughout regencies in Bali, using survey method to identify the species and sub-species of local fruits, its utilization, harvest time, and superior fruits of each regency. Definition of local fruit in this study is all species and sub-species of fruit plant found in Bali, either cultivated or wild. The results showed that there were 41 species with 149 sub-species of local fruits identified. Availability of local fruits was generally still seasonal. The harvest season was dominant from December to March. Fruits were used for local consumption, exports, inter island trade, and material for rituals and culture and for tourism market. Utilization of local fruit for tourism was still limited, i.e for fresh fruit consumption (snake fruit, wani, banana, mango, orange, papaya, water melon, melon and mangosteen), for juice (passion fruit, manggo, melon, water melon, guava, strawberry, wani); raw material for wine (snake fruit, grape), raw material for massage/Spa (lemon, pineapple, avocado, papaya, strawberry, star fruit), and for agrotourism object (strawberry, snake fruit, orange and mangosteen). We suggested that effort was required to increase the utilization of local fruits for tourism activities so that it increased the welfare of the farming community in Bali.Keyword: genetic resources, local fruit, integration, agriculture, tourismABSTRAKPesatnya perkembangan pariwisata di Bali memunculkan masalah baru yaitu semakin terdesaknya sektor pertanian. Untuk menghindari semakin tidak seimbangnya antara sektorpariwisata dan pertanian dikembangkanlah model pembangunan pertanian terintegrasi dengan pariwisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan identifikasi dan telaah pemanfaatan sumber daya genetik buah-buahan lokal untuk meningkatkan integrasi pertanian dan pariwisata. Penelitian dilakukan dari Maret sampai Desember 2015 di seluruh kabupaten di Bali, menggunakan metode survei untuk mengidentifikasi spesies dan sub-spesies sumber daya genetik buah-buahan lokal, pemanfaatannya, musim panen, dan buah unggulan kabupaten. Batasan buah lokal dalam penelitian ini adalah semua spesies dan sub-spesies buah-buahan yang ada di Bali, baik dibudidayakan atau liar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan teridentifikasi sebanyak 41 spesies dan 149 sub-spesies buahbuahan lokal. Lokasi tumbuhnya sebagian besar tersebar hampir di seluruh kabupaten/kota di Bali seperti jeruk Bali, salak, pisang, wani, mangga, manggis, durian, jambu biji, dan nangka, tetapi adayang hanya dibudidayakan atau tumbuh pada lokasi spesifik tertentu seperti stroberi, kawista, anggur, leci, dan mundu. Ketersediaan buah umumnya masih bersifat musiman, dengan musim panen dominan dari Desember sampai Maret. Produksi buah-buahan lokal Bali dimanfaatkan untuk konsumsi lokal, komoditas ekspor, perdagangan antar pulau, keperluan ritual adat dan budaya, dan pasar pariwisata. Pemanfaatan untuk pariwisata masih relatif terbatas, meliputi: (1) hasil buah untukkonsumsi segar (fresh fruit) seperti salak, wani, pisang, mangga, jeruk, pepaya, semangka, melon dan manggis; (2) hasil buah untuk bahan juice (markisa, mangga, melon, semangka, stroberi, wani); (3) hasil buah untuk bahan wine (salak, anggur), (4) bagian buah, daun, atau bagian lainnya untuk massage/spa (jeruk lemon, nenas, avokad, pepaya, stroberi, belimbing wuluh); dan (5) kebun buah untuk agrowisata (stroberi, salak, jeruk, dan manggis). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini perlu ada upaya nyata meningkatkan pemanfaatan buah-buahan lokal untuk pariwisata agar kesejahteraan petani buah-buahan semakin meningkat.Kata kunci: buah lokal, integrasi, pariwisata, pertanian, sumber daya genetik

Memotret Bentuk-bentuk Toleransi di Desa Kampung Kusamba, Karangasem, Bali Naniek Kohdrata; Cokorda Gede Alit Semarajaya
Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia
Publisher : http://arl.faperta.ipb.ac.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jli.v13i1.32696

Kampung Kusamba Village is a relatively small size village in the Bali Island with a majority Muslim population. The village area is surrounded by villages that are predominantly Hindu. The Kampung Kusamba is an example that tolerance in social life is actualized. This research emphasizes on documenting tolerance between Kampung Kusamba dwellers with the Balinese through architectural forms and folklores, myths, or any other oral histories. The research method used is qualitative. Data were collected using a purposive approach, utilizing an in-depth interview technique to resource persons and photographic surveyed for architectural forms. The analysis was carried out descriptively using an ethnographic domain analysis technique approach. Preliminary findings from this study were that physical architectural features that reflect the local culture are the same or almost the same as Balinese architecture. A form of tolerance was also found in the form of artifacts that reflected the diversity of the population of Kampung Kusamba in the past. Oral histories of the past as a manifestation of the intangible landscape also showed the attitude and tolerance of the people of Kampung Kusamba and the people who live in Bali respectively. Moreover, there was also a story that shows the position and special relationship of Kampung Kusamba with Klungkung Royal.

Pengendalian Getah Kuning Pada Buah Manggis Dengan Irigasi Tetes dan Antitranspiran Chitosan I Nyoman Rai; I Wayan Wiraatmaja; Cokorda Gede Alit Semarajaya; IGK Dana Arsana; NK Alit Astiari
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 24, No 4 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v24n4.2014.p307-315

Manggis merupakan buah segar terbanyak yang diekspor Indonesia, namun hanya 12,79% dari total produksi buah manggis Indonesia yang layak ekspor karena kualitasnya rendah. Gangguan getah kuning merupakan penyebab utama rendahnya kualitas buah manggis. Penelitian bertujuan mengendalikan getah kuning pada buah manggis dengan irigasi tetes dan antitranspiran Chitosan. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun manggis petani di Desa Munduk Bestala, Kecamatan Seririt, Buleleng, pada musim panas (April–November 2011). Perlakuan yang dicoba terdiri atas dua faktor, disusun secara petak terpisah dengan rancangan acak kelompok dan sembilan ulangan. Faktor utama adalah perlakuan irigasi tetes terdiri atas dua taraf, yaitu dengan irigasi tetes (I) dan tanpa irigasi tetes/kontrol (I (A1), dan 0,30% (A2k), sedangkan subplot adalah konsentrasi antitranspiran Chitosan, terdiri atas tiga taraf yaitu 0% (A). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi antara irigasi tetes dan konsentrasi antitranspiran berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap getah kuning pada buah manggis. Perlakuan irigasi tetes meningkatkan secara nyata persentase buah yang dagingnya tidak bergetah kuning. Buah yang dagingnya tidak bergetah kuning pada perlakuan irigasi tetes mencapai 83,70%, sedangkan pada kontrol hanya 36,30%. Demikian pula pemberian antitranspiran Chitosan menurunkan secara nyata buah yang dagingnya tidak bergetah kuning. Buah yang dagingnya tidak bergetah kuning pada antitranspiran Chitosan konsentrasi 0,15% dan 0,30% masing masing 60,00% dan 64,44%, sedangkan pada kontrol hanya 55,56%. Disamping itu, antitranspiran Chitosan tidak menurunkan proses fotosintesis yang tercermin dari tidak turunnya kandungan gula pereduksi, gula total, dan sukrosa daun.

Identifikasi Variabilitas Genetik Wani Bali (Mangifera caesia Jack.) dengan Analisis Penanda RAPD I Nyoman Rai; G Wijana; C G A Semarajaya
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 2 (2008): Juni 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v18n2.2008.p%p

ABSTRAK. Wani Bali (Mangifera caesia Jack.) merupakan salah satu tanaman buah-buahan tropika tergolong kerabat mangga. Citarasa Wani Bali disukai konsumen karena daging buahnya memiliki aroma khas, rasanya manis, enak, dan daging buahnya tebal. Terdapat banyak kultivar Wani Bali dengan sifat spesifik buahnya masing-masing, tetapi secara genetik belum diketahui variabilitasnya. Penelitian ini betujuan mengidentifikasi variabilitas genetik Wani Bali dengan analisis penanda random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Februari sampai Desember 2006, berlokasi di seluruh sentra produksi Wani Bali di Bali. Pelaksanaan terdiri atas 3 tahap, yaitu (1) survei kultivar dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi karakter daun, bunga, dan buah, (2) pengumpulan sampel untuk analisis RAPD (biji dari kultivar yang telah diidentifikasi ditanam dalam polibag di rumah plastik, setelah bibit berumur 6 bulan, 5-6 lembar daunnya dipanen untuk sampel), dan (3) analisis penanda RAPD, dilakukan di Laboratorium Biomolekuler dan Immunologi, Unit Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan, Bogor. Berdasarkan karakter buahnya (bentuk, rasa, ukuran, dan warna kulit) teridentifikasi 22 kultivar Wani Bali, tetapi kultivar-kultivar tersebut tidak dapat dibedakan satu dengan yang lainnya berdasarkan habitus pohon, sifat percabangan, serta karakter daun dan bunga. Variabilitas genetik Wani Bali dianalisis dengan RAPD dengan keanekaragaman mencapai 43% terdiri atas 3 kelompok. Satu-satunya kultivar yang secara genetik sangat berbeda dengan yang lainnya adalah Wani Bali Ngumpen (kultivar tanpa biji) ditemukan di Desa Bebetin, Kabupaten Buleleng. Kultivar-kultivar yang berasal dari kabupaten yang sama dan atau pada 2 kabupaten yang berdekatan mengelompok pada kelompok yang sama, kecuali Wani Bali Ngumpen asal Desa Bebetin, Buleleng.ABSTRACT. Rai, I.N., G. Wijana, and C. G. A. Semarajaya. 2008. Identification of Genetic Variability of Wani Bali (Mangifera caesia Jack.) Using RAPD Analysis Marker. Wani Bali is one of tropical fruit which belongs to genus mangifera. Consumer prefers the fruit due to the specific flavor, sweet and delicious taste, and the thickness of edible pulp. There are many cultivars of Wani Bali with specific character. However, genetic variability has not been specified. The research was aimed to identify the genetic variability by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker. The research was conducted from February to December 2006, located at centrals of Wani Bali in Bali. It consisted of 3 steps (1) surveying of cultivars and identification of their leaf, flower, and fruit characters, (2) collecting sample for RAPD analysis (seed of identified cultivars grown in polybag at plastichouse and after 6 months seedling, 5-6 leaves were collected as sample), and (3) analyzing RAPD, which was conducted at Biomolecular and Immunology Laboratory, Research Unit of Plantation Biotechnology, Bogor. The results revealed that according to the fruit character (shape, taste, size, and skin color of fruit) had been identified 22 cultivars, but among cultivars could not be specified by plant shape, branch type, leaf and flower characters. There are 3 groups at 43% variability according to genetic variability of Wani Bali which was analyzed by RAPD. The sole cultivar genetically significantly different among the cultivars is Wani Bali Ngumpen (seedles cultivar) from Bebetin, Buleleng District. The cultivars that were planted at the same regency and/or at 2 neighbouring regencies genetically were clustered in 1 group, excluding Wani Bali Ngumpen from Bebetin, Buleleng District.

Studi Fenofisiologi Pembungaan Salak Gula Pasir sebagai Upaya Mengatasi Kegagalan Fruit-Set I Nengah Rai; CGA Semarajaya; I Wayan Wiraatmaja
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v20n3.2010.p%p

ABSTRAK. Salak Gula Pasir secara alamiah berbunga setiap 3 bulan sekali atau empat kali setahun, tetapi dariempat kali musim pembungaan, hanya satu sampai dua musim pembungaan saja yang menghasilkan buah. Kegagalanfruit-set menyebabkan panen buah salak Gula Pasir bersifat musiman. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari fenofisiologipembungaan salak Gula Pasir untuk mengatasi kegagalan fruit-set dan memproduksi buah di luar musim. Penelitianmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan satu faktor perlakuan dan 20 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji ialah musimpembungaan terdiri atas tiga taraf, yaitu musim pembungaan sela I (April), musim pembungaan gadu (Juli), dan musimpembungaan sela II (Oktober). Penelitian dilakukan di kebun salak Gula Pasir milik petani di Desa Sibetan, KecamatanBebandem, Kabupaten Karangasem, mulai bulan Maret sampai November 2009. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadappertumbuhan bunga dan buah, iklim mikro, kandungan N, P, dan K jaringan daun, dan kandungan N, P, dan K tanah.Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam sesuai dengan rancangan yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwatanaman salak Gula Pasir yang diteliti dapat berbunga dengan baik pada sela I, gadu, dan sela II, tetapi persentasefruit-set pada gadu sangat rendah (20,53%) atau persentase bunga gugur sangat tinggi (79,47%). Tingginya persentasebunga gugur pada gadu berhubungan dengan kondisi iklim yang kurang mendukung, karena rendahnya intensitascurah hujan dan jumlah hari hujan, sehingga tanaman kekurangan air, yang ditunjukkan oleh rendahnya kandunganair relatif pada daun. Pembuahan salak Gula Pasir di luar musim dapat dilakukan dengan mengurangi persentasebuah gugur melalui pemberian air irigasi sebagai pengganti rendahnya curah hujan dan hari hujan.ABSTRACT. Rai, I. N., C.G.A. Semarajaya, and I. W. Wiraatmaja. 2010. A Study on the FloweringPhenophysiology of Gula Pasir Snake Fruit to Prevent Failure of Fruit-set. Flowering of Gula Pasir snake fruitnaturally occures once every 3 months or four times a year, but only one to two of flowering seasons succeeds toproduce fruit. Fruit-set failure causes the fruit harvest seasonally occurs. This research was aimed to study Floweringphenophysiology of Gula Pasir snake fruit to prevent failure fruit-set and to produce off-season fruit. A randomizedcomplete design with one treatment factor and 20 replications was used in the research. The treatment was floweringseason consisted of three levels i.e. sela I (April), gadu (July), and sela II (October). The research was conductedat a farmer’s snake fruit orchard in Sibetan Village, Bebandem Subdistrict, Karangasem Regency, from March toNovember 2009. Variables observed were flower and fruit growth, microclimate, N, P, and K leaf tissue content,and N, P, and K soil content. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (anova). The results showed that theability of the crop to flowering was the same between season of sela I, gadu, and sela II. However, the percentageof fruit-set at gadu was very low (20.53%) or flower drop was very high (79.47%). Due to unfavorable climaticecondition that was very low total rain day and rainfall. Therefore, the crop did not obtain sufficient water, that wasindicated by the lowest relative water content on leaf. Off-season fruit production of Gula Pasir snake fruit of couldbe established by decreasing the percentage of flower drop by utilyzing irrigation as the substitution of low totalrain day and rainfall.

Application of drip irrigation technology for producing fruit of Salak ‘Gula Pasir” (Salacca zalacca var. Gulapasir) off season on dry land I N Rai; I W Wiraatmaja; C G A Semarajaya; N K A Astiari
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Sugar naturally bark (Salacca zalacca var. Gulapasir) flowering every three months or four times a year, but only one or two flowering seasons are the flowers can develop into fruit. The condition causes granulated sugar fruits available in the market in a short period of time (only 2-3 months) ie at the time of harvest (on-season) from December to February, while outside the harvest season (off-season) fruit supply rare or no fruit. Occurs due to the nature of seasonal fruit Salak Sugar planted on dry land, irrigation depends only on rainfall, drought occurs when water is short so that the plant's internal water content is low and it causes a high failure rate develops into the fruit (fruit-set failure). The research aims to overcome the failure of fruit-set as drip irrigation. The study of the factors with two levels of treatment (without drip irrigation / control and with drip irrigation) during the dry season in central bark Sugar production (in Sibetan village, District Bebandem, Karangasem regency, Bali) at two harvest seasons, the season Gadu (July) and Sela II (October). Each treatment was repeated 16 times. The results showed that the plant was given a drip irrigation treatments provide fruit-set percentage was significantly higher compared with plants that are not given drip irrigation, both in summer and in winter Sela Gadu II. Percentage fruit-set on the season and Sela Gadu II in a given crop drip irrigation respectively 75.30% and 93.13%, while that does not get a drip irrigation percentage of its fruit-set each only 59.94% and 61.67%. Increased fruit-set on drip irrigation treatment is associated with increased leaf chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC) leaves, and nutrient content of N, P, and K leaf. The increase of fruit-set led to a number of fruits and fruit weight per plant on providing drip irrigation significantly higher than the control. Based on the results of this study suggested treatment of drip irrigation can be applied to produce granulated sugar fruits out of season were planted on dry land.

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