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Islamisation as Legal Intolerance: The Case of GARIS in Cianjur, West Java Ratno Lukito
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 54, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2016.542.393-425

In its endeavour, Islamization projects done by some Muslim organisations in Indonesia can lead to certain treats of intolerance, especially to those rejecting the missions wrought about in the movements. Using qualitative approach, this paper tries to analyse the legal Islamization programs undertaken by Gerakan Reformis Islam (GARIS) in Cianjur, West Java, since their inception in early 2001 and its inclination to various intolerant attitudes towards others. The movement of Islamization is probed on the basis of the three main GARIS projects, namely, reviewing the draft of Indonesian penal law, engaging contra-Christianization movements and the struggle against Ahmadiyah. Describing the movement, one will see how the idea of legal Islamization is carefully and persistently moulded in the field to make it so fluid and adequate to accomplish a purpose. What seems appearing in this phenomenon is not a theoretical legal quandary but more a political one, as legal Islamization is in its practice more sensed as a political movement than that of law.[Dalam praktiknya, gerakan Islamisasi yang dilakukan oleh beberapa organisasi Islam di Indonesia dapat memunculkan tindakan intoleransi, utamanya hal itu menimpa mereka yang menolak gerakan tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, paper ini berusaha untuk menganalisis program-program Islamisasi hukum yang dilakukan oleh Gerakan Reformis Islam (GARIS) di Cianjur, Jawa Barat sejak mula berdirinya organisasi ini di awal 2001 dan kecenderungannya kepada perilaku intoleransi kepada kelompok lain. Gerakan Islamisasi dari GARIS ini dikaji berdasarkan pada tiga program mereka yang paling utama yaitu: usulan perbaikan terhadap draf amandemen hukum pidana Indonesia, gerakan perlawanan terhadap kristenisasi, dan perlawanan terhadap kelompok Ahmadiyah. Melalui kajian yang mendalam terhadap organisasi ini, kita dapat melihat bagaimana program Islamisasi hukum tersebut dilakukan dengan kesungguhan di lapangan sehingga dapat meraih hasil sesuai dengan yang dicanangkan. Apa yang dapat kita lihat dari fenomena ini sejatinya bukanlah pergumulan teori hukum namun lebih sebagai perhelatan politik, karena pada praktiknya gerakan Islamisasi hukum itu lebih menonjol sisi gerakan politiknya ketimbang hukumnya.]

PERAN PERGURUAN TINGGI MENANGGULANGI KEJAHATAN NARKOBA Prof. Ratno Lukito, PhD.
PROSEDING SEMINAR UNSA 2013: PROSEDING SEMINAR NARKOBA FAKULTAS HUKUM
Publisher : PROSEDING SEMINAR UNSA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (193.134 KB)

PENDAHULUANPresiden SBY dalam sambutannya pada Peringatan Hari Anti Narkoba Internasional (HANI) 2013 di Istana Negara, Jakarta, 24 Juni lalu.Upaya pencegahan dan pemberantasan penyalahgunaan dan kejahatan narkoba merupakan “tanggung jawab kita semua. Tugas kita bersama.”Dua hal penting: Pertama, menyangkut cara pandang terhadap urusan narkoba. Kedua, bagaimana kita menjalankan tugas "Siapa berbuat apa".UU No. 5 /1997 tentang Psikotropika, bab XII, pasal 54: PERAN SERTA MASYARAKAT(1) Masyarakat memiliki kesempatan yang seluas luasnya untuk berperan serta dalam membantu mewujudkan upaya pencegahan penyalahgunaan psikotropika sesuai dengan undang-undang dan peraturan pelaksanaannya.UU No.22/1997 tentang Narkotika. Bab IX: Peran Serta Masyarakat, pasal 57:(1) Masyarakat mempunyai kesempatan yang seluas-luasnya untuk berperan serta dalam membantu upayapencegahan dan pemberantasan penyalahgunaan dan peredaran gelap narkotika.(2) Masyarakat wajib melaporkan kepada pejabat yang berwenang apabila mengetahui adanyapenyalahgunaan dan peredaran gelap narkotika.(3) Pemerintah wajib memberikan jaminan keamanan dan perlindungan kepada pelapor sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2).Tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Penyalahgunaan dan Peredaran Gelap Narkoba Tahun 2011 – 2015Pelaksanaan Jakstranas P4GN Tahun 2011-2015, meliputi 4 bidang:– Pencegahan– Pemberdayaan masyarakat– Rehabilitasi– Pemberantasan2 aspek yang berhubungan dengan lembaga pendidikan:– Pencegahan: upaya menjadikan pelajar dan mahasiswa memiliki pola pikir, sikap, dan terampil menolak penyalahgunaan dan peredaran gelap narkoba– Pemberdayaan masyarakat: upaya menciptakan lingkungan pendidikan menengah dan kampus bebas dari penyalahgunaan dan peredaran gelap narkoba terutama ganja, shabu, ekstasi dan heroin

Segitiga Hukum Internasional, Municipal dan Islam: Memahami Kompetisi, Interaksi dan Resolusi Hukum di Malaysia Ratno Lukito
Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum Vol 49, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajish.2015.49.1.161-191

As one of the Asian countries substantiating Islam as the official state religion, Malaysia always faces a dilemma in its encounter with international law, amid the dominance of municipal (national) and Islamic laws. Until now, many norms of international law seem to be apprehensively accepted. In fact, the existence of Islamic law, constitutionally recognized as having an equal position with Common Law, often works as a barrier to the influence of international norms. Here, the segregation between British Common Law and Islamic law has played a major role in building the country's behavior in facing international law. Particularly, in redressing hard cases, international legal norms (such as international human rights law) are still difficult to get in and provide a positive influence in the national legal system. This paper focuses on the interaction between these three legal traditions of international, municipal and Islam in the face of rising Islamic conservatism supported by Malaysian Islamic parties in recent decades. Because legal segregation and compartmentalization between British common law and Islamic law had been chosen as the framework of legal pluralism in this country, the redress of the hard cases involving the meeting among the three laws --such as the case of apostasy, divorce due to apostasy, purdah etc.--, more often than not has led to the marginalization of international norms. This brings the consequence of the need to review the pattern of legal pluralism in this country, where relationship between different legal traditions is analyzed using bottom-up and non-state oriented perspectives. And it can only be done if the jurisprudence of legal pluralism in Malaysia can benefit the principles of Higher Law in its legal orientation; namely, the principles of universal justice, morality, and fairness, and not in the mere proximity to the character and the logic of official state law.

Sharī’ah and the Politics of Pluralism in Indonesia Ratno Lukito
Studia Islamika Vol 14, No 2 (2007): Studia Islamika
Publisher : Center for Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v14i2.545

Keeping in mind the Indonesian Government's policy regarding legal pluralism, this article will take a closer look at how the Government deals with the existence of both Islamic law and customary law (adat). The adoption of "state law pluralism", especially by the New Order regime since 1970s, has had an evident impact on the way the state handles the institution of adat and Islamic law (shari'ah). The question is what is the motive behind employing this strategy? This is a question that necessitates more a socio-political approach in the study of comparative law, drawing on a number of regulations and acts related to adat and Islamic law as the primary sources.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v14i2.545

SHARIAH AND THE POLITICS OF PLURALISM IN INDONESIA Ratno Lukito
PETITA: JURNAL KAJIAN ILMU HUKUM DAN SYARIAH Vol 4 No 1 (2019)
Publisher : LKKI Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

This article explores the implementation of Sharia law in Indonesia. To some extends, the Sharia law should be implemented by referring to the Quran and Sunnah, however in the case of Indonesia, not all of Sharia law has fully referred to Quran and Sunnah. Considering the legal pluralism in Indonesia, the Sharia law has to adjust several laws that has been practicing in Indonesia, including the Islamic, Adat, and Colonial law. This phenomenon has forced the Sharia law to adapt itself to those laws. Consequently, the implementation the Sharia law is not fully referring to the Quran and Sunnah. The new problem has arisen, because the Adat and Colonial law must be adopted as well. The adat law and colonial law were created by human being. In contrast, Sharia law is based on by holy book. Thus, the contradiction between the Sharia law and law made by human-being will occur at any time, including the interpretation of the holy text. Additionally, the political configuration has also influenced the legislation process, creating long debate in implementing the Sharia law. This article will explore briefly this problem, using comparative law approach. Then, the author will recommend the solution to solve this problem. Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas secara mendalam pelaksanaan hukum Syariah di Indonesia. Hukum Syariah harus dilaksanakan berdasarkan Quran dan Sunah. Namun, di Indonesia, tidak semua hukum syariah sepenuhnya merujuk pada Quran dan Sunah. Mengingat pluralisme hukum di Indonesia, hukum Syariah harus menyesuaikan beberapa undang-undang yang telah dilaksanakan di Indonesia, termasuk hukum Islam, hukum Adat, dan hukum Kolonial. Fenomena ini memaksa hukum Syariah untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan hukum-hukum tersebut. Oleh karena itu, pelaksanaan hukum Syariah tidak sepenuhnya berdasarkan pada Al-Quran dan Sunah. Hal ini menimbulkan masalah baru, karena hukum Adat dan hukum Kolonial juga harus diadopsi. Hukum adat dan hukum kolonial adalah hukum yang diciptakan oleh manusia. Sebaliknya, hukum Syariah didasarkan pada kitab suci. Dengan demikian, kontradiksi antara hukum Syariah dan hukum yang dibuat oleh manusia akan terjadi kapan saja, termasuk pada penafsiran teks kitab suci. Selain itu, konfigurasi politik juga memengaruhi proses legislasi dan menyebabkan perdebatan panjang dalam mengimplementasikan hukum Syariah. Artikel ini akan membahas secara singkat masalah ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan hukum komparatif. Selain itu, penulis juga akan menyampaikan solusi untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini. Kata Kunci: Syariah dan Politik, Hukum Islam, Hukum Adat

Nationalism in Popular Culture: Critical Discourse Studies on American and Indonesian Films Herman Felani; Ida Rochani Adi; Ratno Lukito
Asian Journal of Media and Communication Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): Volume 4, Number 1, April 2020
Publisher : Department of Communications, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/asjmc.vol4.iss1.art1

Many scholars have alarmed the rise of new extreme nationalism in many countries which is activelyÂ promoted by some important national and international leaders. This paper examines the discourses of nationalism in popular culture and compares them with the nationalism ideas as promoted by those political leaders. Assuming that popular culture represents the bedrock belief of the society, this study has investigated the ideology of nationalism in 10 American and 10 Indonesian films applying the discourse historical approach from Ruth Wodak and Martin Reisigl. This study has identified nine features of nationalism in American films, i.e. us against them, saving life of Americans versus taking life of enemies, Â individual versus institutional hero, hero as common people, anti war narratives, individual versus national interest, absence of governmental supports, white as the dominant, and superpower. While six main features of nationalism in Indonesian films are against poverty, against foreign power, against corruption, sacrifice and service for the nation, imagination as a nation, and developing the nation. This study concludes that the discourse of nationalism in American and Indonesian films do not in line with the nationalism ideas as proposed by the politicians or the government. While the politicians are campaigning new hostile nationalism, popular cultures are promoting nationalism with individual freedom and equality, striving for prosperity, and fighting poverty.Keywords: Discourse-Historical Approach; nationalism; new nationalism; popular culture; American film; Â Â Indonesian film.

THE CHAMPION OF THE GRASSROOTS REVISITED Fuad Faizi; Ratno Lukito; Achmad Uzair Fauzan
Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman Vol 17 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21274/epis.2022.17.2.115-141

Emha Ainun Najib (Cak Nun) is a charismatic and controversial Muslim cultural leader who has a wide audience in Indonesia. Along with an ensemble band called Kiai Kanjeng, he has monthly performances in various parts of Indonesia Adding to that, they are occasionally invited by institutions, individuals, or businesses. In the New Order era, on behalf of the disadvantaged, Cak Nun’s criticisms against a highly controversial dam project in 1980–1991 showed his rebellious tendencies in the face of state and elite despotism. As a result, Rasmussen (2010) eventually refers to him as “the champion of the grassroots.” However, since his involvement in the corporation-induced mudflow of Lapindo in Sidoarjo in 2006, his stand on the grassroots has actually been doubted. However, based on his recent stage performances in several regions hit by industrially-induced environmental crises, particularly in Pati's northern Kendeng, some groups have begun to question whether the assumption that Cak Nun is “the champion of the grassroots” is still relevant. By elaborating on the ways in which various onstage and backstage stories were formed in northern Kendeng, this paper argues that Cak Nun is perceived to deliver confusing messages, resulting in the affected communities becoming more divided and fragmented.

Nationalism in Popular Culture: Critical Discourse Studies on American and Indonesian Films Herman Felani; Ida Rochani Adi; Ratno Lukito
Asian Journal of Media and Communication Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): Volume 4, Number 1, April 2020
Publisher : Department of Communications, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/asjmc.vol4.iss1.art1

Many scholars have alarmed the rise of new extreme nationalism in many countries which is actively promoted by some important national and international leaders. This paper examines the discourses of nationalism in popular culture and compares them with the nationalism ideas as promoted by those political leaders. Assuming that popular culture represents the bedrock belief of the society, this study has investigated the ideology of nationalism in 10 American and 10 Indonesian films applying the discourse historical approach from Ruth Wodak and Martin Reisigl. This study has identified nine features of nationalism in American films, i.e. us against them, saving life of Americans versus taking life of enemies, individual versus institutional hero, hero as common people, anti war narratives, individual versus national interest, absence of governmental supports, white as the dominant, and superpower. While six main features of nationalism in Indonesian films are against poverty, against foreign power, against corruption, sacrifice and service for the nation, imagination as a nation, and developing the nation. This study concludes that the discourse of nationalism in American and Indonesian films do not in line with the nationalism ideas as proposed by the politicians or the government. While the politicians are campaigning new hostile nationalism, popular cultures are promoting nationalism with individual freedom and equality, striving for prosperity, and fighting poverty.Keywords: Discourse-Historical Approach; nationalism; new nationalism; popular culture; American film; Indonesian film.

The View of Islamic Law and Positive Law in Indonesia on The Alimentation of Children towards Parents Taufika, Aisyah Nabila; Lukito, Ratno
DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum Vol 22 No 1 (2024): DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Islam Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Parepare

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35905/diktum.v22i1.7097

Parents must care for their children based on Islamic and positive laws in Indonesia. Indeed, parents and children have an alimentation relationship, that is, a reciprocal relationship in maintenance or bread. However, in general, in society, the understanding of income is only imposed on parents to children, so there are many cases of parental neglect. So the question arises: What is the view of Islamic law and positive law in Indonesia regarding the provision of alimentation of children to parents? This research uses qualitative, juridical-normative research as its approach and descriptive as its research nature. The Qur'an, Hadith, the opinions of imams of madhab, laws and regulations, journals, books, and encyclopedias are sources for obtaining data, so this research is classified as literature research. The findings of this study on Islamic law and positive law in Indonesia indicate that children are obligated to support their parents under specific circumstances. According to Islamic law, this obligation arises when the parents are in need, and the child possesses the means to work or owns property. In positive law, the obligation arises when parents are in financial distress, require assistance, reside in their children's homes, among other conditions.

THE CHAMPION OF THE GRASSROOTS REVISITED: An Episode of Emha Ainun Najib's Stage Performance and Environmental Activism against Cement-Mining Corporations in Northern Kendeng of Pati, Indonesia Faizi, Fuad; Lukito, Ratno; Fauzan, Achmad Uzair
Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman Vol 17 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21274/epis.2022.17.2.115-141

Emha Ainun Najib (Cak Nun) is a charismatic and controversial Muslim cultural leader who has a wide audience in Indonesia. Along with an ensemble band called Kiai Kanjeng, he has monthly performances in various parts of Indonesia Adding to that, they are occasionally invited by institutions, individuals, or businesses. In the New Order era, on behalf of the disadvantaged, Cak Nun’s criticisms against a highly controversial dam project in 1980–1991 showed his rebellious tendencies in the face of state and elite despotism. As a result, Rasmussen (2010) eventually refers to him as “the champion of the grassroots.” However, since his involvement in the corporation-induced mudflow of Lapindo in Sidoarjo in 2006, his stand on the grassroots has actually been doubted. However, based on his recent stage performances in several regions hit by industrially-induced environmental crises, particularly in Pati's northern Kendeng, some groups have begun to question whether the assumption that Cak Nun is “the champion of the grassroots” is still relevant. By elaborating on the ways in which various onstage and backstage stories were formed in northern Kendeng, this paper argues that Cak Nun is perceived to deliver confusing messages, resulting in the affected communities becoming more divided and fragmented.

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