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Administration of Various Feed Additives on Cholesterol Content of Meat and Fat Abdomen of Local Chicken (Gallus domesticus) Ilham, Ilham; Nurliana, Nurliana; Al azhar, Al azhar; Delima, Mira; Sugito, Sugito; Samadi, Samadi
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 20, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

Cholesterol consumed more than required body will influence health problem such as arteriosklerosis and finally resulted in coronary hearth. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the concentration of cholesterol and fat abdomen local chicken administrated various levels of feed additives. Totally 200 chickens from growth study were selected for 20 chickens at the age of 90 d for further cholesterol and fat abdomen analysis. This study was designed by using completely randomized consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. Four treatments in this study was administration of feed additives either in the water or in the feed (A0 = control-vita chick 0.7 gram/liter; A1= 20 ml/liter probio-FM; A2= 0.08% MOS (manan-oligosakarida)/kg in feed and A3= herbal leuser KI 5 ml/liter). Variables observed in this study were the content of cholesterol and fat abdomen. All data were statistically analyzed using SPSS and differences between treatments were stated (P<0.05) by using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of the study indicated that administration of various feed additives significantly effected (P<0.05) on the cholesterol content of breast meat of local chickens.Â The average of breast meat cholesterol content was 52 mg/100g, 44 mg/100g, 43 mg/100g andÂ 46 mg/100g for A0, A1, A2 and A3 respectively. Administration of administration of various feed additives significantly reduced (P<0.05) the percentage of fat abdomen of local chickens with the percentage of 0.78%, 0.36%, 0.27% and 0.42% for A0, A1, A2 and A3 respectively. This study concluded that administration various feed additives significantly reduced cholesterol content and the percentage of fat abdomen with the lowest of cholesterol content 43 mg/100g and the lowest percentage of fat abdomen 0.27% for prebiotic treatment.

Mineral Level Status of Copper, Magnesium, and Iron in Local Goat Serum Related to Keeping Pattern System Mira Delima
Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan Vol 2, No 1 (2008): March
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

This research was conducted to find out the mineral level status of Cu, Mg, and Fe in blood serum of local goats which are reared with different methods. Blood serum was taken from 15 male and 15 female goats, 15-18 month old. The goats were divided into three groups which consist of 5 males and 5 females. Three methods of caging in which most commonly conducted by local people were selected as treatments, i.e. 1) Goats are caged only at night, while in daytime (around 10.00-12.00 WIB) they are discharged freely therefore they could foraging; 2) Goat are caged at night, while in daytime (around 10.00-18.00 WIB) they are bound with rope at which they could foraging around and, the rope would be removed several times in that particular daytime; 3) Goats are released freely all day long, but they are provided with kind of place as a cage, under the house or under the tree. Blood serum was taken from every unit sample. This research revealed that there was no significant different among methods of caging on the level rates of Cu, Mg, and Fe in local goat serum. The level rates of Cu, Mg, and Fe in goats serum that was found from the research were in normal range.

Effect of Heat Stress on Body Weight Gain, Heterophile-Lymphocite Ratio and Body Temperature in Broiler Sugito S; Mira Delima
Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan Vol 3, No 1 (2009): March
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Increasing in ambient temperature inside the cage could lead to heat stress in broilers. This research was conducted to find out effects of heat stress on body weight gain, heterophile-lymphocite ratio and body temperature in chicken broiler. Twenty broilers aged 20 days (strain Cobb) were randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group was treated with no heat stress, the second one was caged in 33±1 0C temperature for 4 hours per day for 14 days. The results indicated that heat stress reduced body weight gain, increased body temperature, and changed behavior, but no effect on feed conversion ratio (FCR) and heterophile-lymphocyte ratio. It suggested that the heat stress caused detrimental effects on broiler chicken.

Evaluasi Nilai Nutrisi dan Karakteristik Complete Feed Berbahan Dasar Ampas Sagu dengan Teknik Fermentasi Berbeda Rivaldi Fadhlul Lizar; Samadi Samadi; Mira Delima
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian Vol 1, No 1 (2016): November 2016
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17969/jimfp.v1i1.1246

Abstrak. Penggunaan bahan pakan yang berasal dari limbah pertanian dan industri pertanian merupakan salah satu usaha untuk menekan biaya pakan. Penelitian tentang nilai nutrisi dan karakteristik fisik Complete feed berbahan dasar ampas sagu dengan teknik berbeda telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam Banda Aceh. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 pelakuan dan masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas 5 ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah P1 kontrol (Complete feed tanpa penambahan SBP dan tanpa fermentasi), P2 (ampas sagu difermentasi dengan SBP selama 14 hari kemudian dicampur menjadi Complete feed dan difermentasi hingga 21 hari), dan P3 (ampas sagu + Complete feed kemudian difermentasi menggunakan SBP selama 21 hari). Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah kandungan bahan kering, serat kasar, protein kasar, lemak kasar, abu, BETN, serta karakteristik fisik pakan berupa tekstur, warna dan bau. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa teknik fermentasi mempengaruhi nilai nutrisi dan karakteristik fisik Complete feed berbahan dasar ampas sagu. Evaluation of nutritive Values and Physical Charakteristics Complete Feed Based on Sago Residues by Application Different Technique FermentationAbstract. Utilization of feed coming from agricultural and agro-industrial by products is one of the efforts to reduce feed cost. The study about evaluation of nutritive values and physical characteristics complete feed based on sago residues by application different technique fermentations was conducted at Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. The experiment was designed by using completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments in this study were P1 as control (complete feed without fermentation), P2 (first sago residue was fermented for 14 days, then mixed with complete feed and fermented for 21 days), P3 (sago residue and complete feed were mixed and fermented for 21 days). Parameters observed in this study were dry matter, crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, ash and N-free extract. In conclusion, different of technique fermentation influenced nutritive values and physical characteristic of fermented complete feed on the basis of sago residues.

Performans Rumput Setaria (Setaria spahcelata) yang Diberi Mikoriza Arbuskula dengan Level Berbeda Cut Purnama; Mira Delima; Asril Asril
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian Vol 2, No 4 (2017): November 2017
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17969/jimfp.v2i4.5208

Abstrak. Suatu penelitian tentang efektivitas mikoriza arbuskula terhadap performans rumput setaria (Setaria sphacelata) telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Lapangan Peternakan (LLP) yang terletak di Jalan Utama Gampong Rukoh dan Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Prodi Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala mulai dari bulan Februari 2017 hingga April 2017. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui performans rumput setaria yang diberi mikoriza arbuskula. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan L0 adalah perlakuan kontrol/tanpa pemberian mikoriza arbuskula, perlakuan L1 adalah perlakuan dengan pemberian 5 gr mikoriza arbuskula per rumpun, perlakuan L2 adalah perlakuan dengan pemberian 10 gr mikoriza arbuskula per rumpun, sedangkan perlakuan L3 adalah perlakuan dengan pemberian 15 gr mikoriza arbuskula per rumpun. Parameter yang diukur adalah tinggi tanaman, lebar daun, jumlah anakan, berat segar akar dan berat kering akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi mikoriza arbuskula tidak berpengaruh (P0,05) terhadap tinggi tanaman, lebar daun, jumlah anakan, berat segar akar dan berat kering akar.The Performance of Setaria sphacelata on Different Level of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Abstract. A reaserch concerning effectivity ofarbuscular mycorrhizal applied on setaria (Setaria sphacelata) grass was conducted at Field Laboratory Peternakan (LLP) located on Utama Street Gampong Rukoh andat Nutritional Science dan Feed Technology Laboratory,Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University from February to April 2017. The objective of this research was to find setaria grass performance applied with arbuscular mycorrhizal. Completely Randomized Design was used in this research with 4 treatments (L0 = control/0 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps, L1 = 5 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps, L2 = 10 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps, and L3 = 15 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps. Plant height, leaf width, number of tillers, fresh root weight and dry root weight were the parameter determined. The statistical analisisindicated that there was no significant effect (P0.05) caused by treatments on plant height, leaf width, number of tillers, fresh root weight and dry rootweight. The results revealed that all level of arbuscular mycorrhizal applied showed no effectiveness on setaria grass performance. Abstract. A reaserch concerning effectivity ofarbuscular mycorrhizal applied on setaria (Setaria sphacelata) grass was conducted at Field Laboratory Peternakan (LLP) located on Utama Street Gampong Rukoh andat Nutritional Science dan Feed Technology Laboratory,Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University from February to April 2017. The objective of this research was to find setaria grass performance applied with arbuscular mycorrhizal. Completely Randomized Design was used in this research with 4 treatments (L0 = control/0 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps, L1 = 5 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps, L2 = 10 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps, and L3 = 15 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps. Plant height, leaf width, number of tillers, fresh root weight and dry root weight were the parameter determined. The statistical analisisindicated that there was no significant effect (P0.05) caused by treatments on plant height, leaf width, number of tillers, fresh root weight and dry rootweight. The results revealed that all level of arbuscular mycorrhizal applied showed no effectiveness on setaria grass performance.

Pertambahan Berat Badan Domba Ekor Tipis Jantan Yang Diberikan Bungkil Inti Sawit Sebagai Substitusi Dedak Padi Dengan Pakan Basal Rumput Odot Kering dan Limbah Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon Nardus) Amoniasi Muhammad Luthfi; Mira Delima; Asril M.Rur
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian Vol 7, No 1 (2022): Februari 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Abstrak. Domba ekor tipis merupakan salah satu domba dari sekian banyak jenis domba yang dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Pakan dari limbah dari hasil ikutan pertanian dan perkebunan merupakan prospek yang baik bagi peternak karena digunakan sebagai pakan penguat untuk ternak ruminansia, salah satunya limbah bungkil inti sawit yang telah diambil minyak kelapa sawit. Tujuan Pelaksanaan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pertambahan berat badan domba ekor tipis jantan yang diberikan bungkil inti sawit sebagai substitusi dedak padi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 12 Februari 2021 sampai dengan 08 Mei 2021. Analisis proksimat dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Nutrisi Ternak. Pembuatan pakan amoniasi dan pemeliharaan ternak dilakukan di Laboratorium Lapangan Peternakan Jurusan Peternakan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 ekor domba yang berumur 1,5- 2 tahun dengan bobot badan 20-25 kg. Penelitian ini menggunakan bungkil inti sawit untuk substitusi dedak padi yang diberikan pada domba dengan persentase yang berbeda yaitu R0 (0% bungkil inti sawit), R1 (10% bungkil inti sawit ), R2 (20% bungkil inti sawit) dan R3 (30% bungkil inti sawit ). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Bujur Sangkar Latin (RBSL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah konsumsi pakan, pertambahan berat badan dan konversi pakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bungkil inti kelapa sawit dengan level 0%, 10%, 20%, dan 30% tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan, pertambahan berat badan dan konversi pakan domba ekor tipis jantan. Namun Konsumsi pakan tertinggi pada R3 790,74 gr/ekor/hari dan terendah R0 adalah 754,41±140,37 gr/ekor/hari. Pertambahan berat badan dengan nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan R0 sebesar 76,96 gr/ekor/hari dan terendah pada R1 20,54 gr/ekor/hari . Nilai konversi pakan terendah terdapat pada perlakuan R0 = 11,09 dan yang tertinggi pada perlakuan R3 = 152,04.Weight Gain of Male Thin-Tailed Sheep Given Palm Kernel Flour as a Substitute for Rice Bran with Basal Feed of Dried Odot Grass and Ammonia of Lemongrass Waste (Cymbopogon nardus)Abstract. Thin-tailed sheep is one type of sheep that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Feed from agricultural and plantation by-product waste is a good prospect for breeders because it is used as ruminant feed one of which is palm kernel flour which has been extracted from palm oil The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of body weight gain of lean rams given palm kernel cake as a substitute for bran This research was conducted on February 12 - 2021 to May 08 - 2021 The proximate analysis was carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Science The manufacture of ammonia feed and livestock rearing were carried out at the Animal Husbandry Field Laboratory Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture Syiah Kuala University This study used 4 sheep aged 1 5-2 years with a body weight of 20-25 kg This study used palm kernel cake as a substitute for bran given to sheep with different percentages namely R0= ( 0% palm kernel flour) R1= (10% palm kernel flour) R2= (20% palm kernel flour) and R3= (30% palm kernel flour) The research design used was Latin Square Design RBSL with 4 treatments and 4 replications Parameters observed were feed consumption body weight gain and feed conversion The results showed that the provision of palm kernel cake at the levels of 0% , 10% , 20% and 30% had no significant effect P 0,05 on feed consumption body weight gain and ration conversion of lean male sheep. Meanwhile, the highest ration consumption was at R3= 790,74 g head day and the lowest R0 was 754,41±140,37 g/ head /day. Bodyweight gain with the highest value in the R0 treatment was 76,96 g /head/day and the lowest was at R1 20,54 g/ head/ day. The lowest feed conversion value was found in the treatment R0= 11,09 and the highest in the treatment R3= 152,04.

Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Ternak Ayam Broiler yang diberi Pakan Komersil yang Substitusi dengan Amtabis Elvira Rosa; Sitti Wajizah; Mira Delima
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian Vol 1, No 1 (2016): November 2016
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Abstrak- Penelitian tentang Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Ternak Ayam Broiler yang diberi Pakan Komersial di substitusidengan amtabisyang difermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Lapangan Peternakan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala yang berlokasi di Desa Kopelma Darussalam Banda Aceh. Penelitian berlangsung selama 35 hari sejak tanggal 4 Desember 2015 sampai dengan tanggal 9 Januari 2016. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kelayakan produksi dan biaya produksi usaha ternak ayam broiler dengan pemberian amtabis sebagai substitusi sebagian pakan. Parameter yang diamati adalah : biaya produksi, nilai pendapatan, keuntungan, dan kelayakan usaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, peningkatan persentase substitusi amtabis mengakibatkan turunnya rata-rata biaya produksi yang berimplikasi pada meningkatnya nilai rata-rata penjualan, meskipun tidak melebihi nilai penjualan pada kontrol. Substitusi amtabis pada level 2% dan 4% diperoleh nilai B/C ratio lebih kecil dari satu, sehingga ransum tersebut tidak layak digunakan dalam usaha ayam broiler. Sedangkan substitusi amtabis pada level 6% kembali meningkatkan nilai B/C ratio sama dengan satu, sehingga ransum tersebut masih layak digunakan dalam usaha ayam broiler. Finances Feasibility Analysis On Broiler Commercial Production Which Using Fermented Amtabis To Substitute Partly Amount Of Standard Commercial Feed Abstrack - A research of finances feasibilityanalysison broiler commercial production which using fermented amtabis to substitutepartly amount of standard commercial feed was done on Animal Science Field Laboratory of Agriculture Department of Syiah Kuala University located at Kopelma County Darussalam Banda Aceh. The research was conducted from December 4th 2015 to January 9th 2016. The research purpose was to find finances feasibilityand production cost of broiler commercial production which using fermented amtabis to substitute partly amount of standard commercial feed. Parameters observed were productioncost, income value, profits and benefit cost ratio (B/C ratio) analysis. The research concluded that partly substituting broiler standard commercial feed with fermented amtabis nor 2% and 4% was finnancially feasible (B/C ratio 1).However, partly substituting broiler standard commercial feed with 6% fermented amtabis was finnancially feasible (B/C ratio 1)

Kandungan Protein Kasar dan Serat Kasar Rumput Setaria (Setaria sphacelata) dengan Aplikasi Mikoriza Arbuskula pada Level Berbeda Ria Sagita; Asril Asril; Mira Delima
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian Vol 2, No 4 (2017): November 2017
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17969/jimfp.v2i4.5118

Abstrak.Suatu penelitian tentang efektivitas mikoriza arbuskula terhadap kandungan nutrisi rumput setaria (Setaria sphacelata) telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Lapangan Peternakan (LLP) yang terletak di Jalan Utama Gampong Rukoh dan Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Prodi Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kualamulai dari bulan Januari 2017 hingga Juli 2017. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan protein kasar dan serat kasar rumput setaria yang diberi mikoriza arbuskula. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan L0 adalah perlakuan kontrol/tanpa pemberian mikoriza arbuskula, perlakuan L1 adalah perlakuan dengan pemberian 5 gr mikoriza arbuskula per rumpun, perlakuan L2 adalah perlakuan dengan pemberian 10 gr mikoriza arbuskula per rumpun, sedangkan perlakuan L3 adalah perlakuan dengan pemberian 15 gr mikoriza arbuskula per rumpun. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar protein kasar dan serat kasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi mikoriza arbuskula berpengaruh sangat nyata (P0,01) terhadap kandungan protein kasar dan serat kasar rumput setaria.The Crude Protein and Crude Fiber Content of Setaria sphacelata with Different Level of Arbuscular Mychorrizal ApplicationAbstract. A research regarding the effectivity of arbuscular mycorrhizal applied on setaria (Setaria sphacelata) grass was conducted at Field Laboratory Peternakan (LLP) located onJalan UtamaGampong Rukoh and at Nutritional ScienceandFeed Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture Syiah Kuala University. The research had been conducted from January to July 2017. The objective of the research was to findthe crude protein and crude fiber content of Setaria sphacelataforage plant on which applied with different level of arbuscular mychorrizal. Completely Randomized Design was used in this research consists of four treatments (L0 = control/0 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps, L1 = 5 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps, L2 = 10 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps, and L3 = 15 gr arbuscular mycorrhizal applied per clumps), and five replications. Crude protein and crude fiber content were the parameter estimated. Statistical analysis showed that there was highly significant effect (P0,01) caused bythe treatments on crude protein and crude fiber content. The conclusion was that the different level of arbuscular mycorrhizal applied on setaria grass indicated to different result.

Kajian Potensi Produksi Hijauan Pakan pada Lahan Eksisting dan Potensial untuk Meningkatkan Populasi Ternak Ruminansia di Kabupaten Aceh Besar Mira Delima; Abubakar Karim; M. Yunus
Jurnal Agripet Vol 15, No 1 (2015): Volume 15, N0. 1, April 2015
Publisher : Agricultural Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17969/agripet.v15i1.2297

(The study of prospective forage production on existing and potential land use to support increasing livestock population in Aceh Besar)ABSTRACT. The purpose of this research was to find out the width and scattered location of existing land use which its land capability class suitable for pastures; forage production prospective, and land carrying capacity. The combination of survey and evaluation method was used in this study. The primary data were obtained by field observation and compiling documents, while the secondary data were obtained from various sources, including Bappeda Aceh, and Dinas Peternakan Aceh Besar. Land capability classification was defined based on a modified USDA method and land capability class mapping was prepared based on overlay method by geoprocessing of Geographic Information Systems. The attributes delineating land capability classification included slope, erosion potential and soil depth. Spatial and attributes data were processed using ArcGIS 9.3. Interpretation of land use map derived from satellite imagery analysis results. Brachiaria humidicola green production (tons/year) was determined by assumption-based on obtaining data from various sources. Present livestock population and increasing of population target up to 2017 were obtained from Dinas Peternakan Aceh Besar. The results showed that the existing land use area was 28,632.23 ha (59.03 %), whereas the potential land use area was 19,875.73 ha (40.97%). Land use area for pastures in the district of Aceh Besar, both existing and potential, were sufficient to support the achievement of livestock population increasing program.

Analisa Keasaman dan Total Bakteri Asam Laktat Yogurt Akibat Bahan Baku dan Persentase Lactobacillus casei yang Berbeda Yusdar Zakaria; Yurliasni Yurliasni; Mira Delima; Ely Diana
Jurnal Agripet Vol 13, No 2 (2013): Volume 13, No. 2, Oktober 2013
Publisher : Agricultural Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17969/agripet.v13i2.817

Analyze of acidity and amount of lactic acid bacteria of yogurt made from different milk types and lactobacillus casei percentageABSTRACT. The objective of this experiment is to determine the effect of milk types and percentages of Lactobacillus casei as a starter to the amount of Lactic Acid Bacteria in yogurt and its pH value and Lactic Acid value. Factorial Completely Randomized Design with two factors and three replications was applied. The A factor was the milk types that were a1 = Powder Milk, a2 = Fresh Milk and a3 = UHT milk. The B factor was the percentages of Lactobacillus casei (b1 = 5% and b2 = 10%). Parameters observed were the level of lactic acid, the pH value of yogurt and the amount of lactic acid bacteria. The result showed significantly difference (P0.01) from the use of milk types and Lactobacillus casei percentages on the lactic acid level, and there are no interaction between factors. There was also significant different (P0.01) showed from pH value and an interaction between both factors was presented. In addition there was significant difference (P0.05) showed by the amount of lactic acid bacteria, and an interaction between both factors was also existed. The research concluded that the higher the percentage of starter, the higher the level of lactic acid and the amount of lactic acid bacteria of yogurt that made from all milk types. On the contrary, the higher the percentage of starter, the lower the pH value of yogurt.

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