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All Journal Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Nexus Biomedika Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
. Muthmainah
Faculty of Medicine,SebelasMaret University
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Hubungan antara Pengetahuan Tentang Merokok dan Motivasi Merokok dengan Jumlah Rokok yang Dikonsumsi Aditya, Aisya Fikritama; Harsini, .; Muthmainah, .
Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Background: Tobacco has high level of consumption in Indonesia and also has impact to the health and social-economic factors. Nearly all smokers in Indonesia considered hat smoking is a necessity. Smoking habits are influenced by some factors, some of them are theknowledge of smoking and smoking motivation. This study aims to determine the correlation between knowledge of smoking and smoking motivation with the number of cigarettes consumed. Methods: This study was an observational study with cross sectional analysis. A total of 75 subjects were selected by simple random sampling. Samples were first grade students of Veteran University Sukoharjo who smoke. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires consist of knowledge of smoking and smoking motivation to respondents. Data was analyzed by using multiple linear regressionmodel. Results: This study showed the value of the Pearson correlation r = -0.574, p = 0.000, which means there was a negative correlation that statistically significant between the knowledge of smoking and number of cigarettes consumed, and r = 0.872, p = 0.000, which means there was a positive correlation that statistically significant between smoking motivation and number of cigarettes consumed. Multiple linear regression test showed the results of Adjusted R-square value 0.783 which means the influence of knowledge of smoking and smoking motivation to the number of cigarettes consumedwere 78.3 %, while the remaining 21.7 % came from other factors. Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between knowledge of smoking and smoking motivation with the number of cigarettes consumed. Keywords: knowledge, motivation, smoking, number of cigarettes  
Perbedaan NilaiArus Puncak Ekspirasi (APE) antara BuruhProses Pencelupan dengan Buruh Administrasi Industri Batik Rahma, Anisa Nur; Harsini, .; Muthmainah, .
Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Background: One of the negative impactsof industy development is the occurance of occupational disease. The respiratory disease is one of the occupational disease that can cause lung disfunction. The function of lung can be observed by peak expiratory flow (PEF) value. The aim of this study is to know the difference on the percentage of measured PEF value compared with predictive PEF value, between immersion processing workers and administrative workers in batik industry. Methods: This study was an observational study with cross sectional design. Study was conducted in July-September 2013 in the batik industry in Laweyan District. Samples were taken by stratified random sampling. Samples that consisted of 60 workers were divided into two groups: 30 immersion processing workers and 30 administrative workers in batik industry. The measurement of PEF used the Peak Flow Meter. The measured PEF valuewas compared with the predictive PEF value and then expressed on percentage form. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test (a=0.05). Result:This study showed the mean value of percentage of measured PEF compared with predictive PEF on administrative workers was 75,6% ± 8,7, the mean value of percentage of measured PEF compared with the predictive PEF on immersion processing workers was 62,9% ± 11,7. Mann-Whitney test showed that  p=0.000 (p<0.005), so there was a significant difference between the value on the administration workers and the value on Immersion Processing Workers in Batik Industry. Conclusion:The percentage of measured PEF value compared with predictive PEF valueon administrative workers wassignificantly higher than the percentage of measured PEF value compared withpredictive PEF value on Immersion Processing Workers in Batik Industry. Keywords: Batik, PEF value, administration workers, Immersion Processing Workers in Batik Industry  
Efek Nefroprotektor Ekstrak Biji Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.) terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Muvida, Muvida; Muthmainah, .; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Seed extract of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. contains saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and tannins that may exhibit significant protection of kidney cells from free radicals. In present study, Swietenia mahagoni was evaluated for its nephroprotector effect on paracetamol-induced kidney cells histological damage in mice (Mus musculus).   Methods: This research used experimental laboratory studies with post test only controlled group design. Samples were 28 male Swiss webster mice (2-3 months old) weighing + 20 g and divided into 4 groups, 7 mice each group. Sampling technique in this research was incidental sampling. The negative control group (KK (-)) and the positive control group (KK (+)) of mice were administered aquadest for 14 days. The first treatment group (KP1) and the second group treatment (KP2) of mice were administered mahagony seed extract with the dose of 11,2 mg/20 g and 22,4 mg/20 g body weight of mice for 14 days, respectively. Paracetamol was administered to groups of KK (+), KP1, dan KP2 on the 12th, 13th, and 14th day. On day-15th, mice were sacrificed and their kidneys were taken and stained with hematoxilin eosin (HE) for histological study. The kidney cells histological features were assessed based on quantifying of pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. Data were analyzed with the One-Way ANOVA test (α = 0.05) and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons LSD test (α = 0.05). Results: The mean of kidney cells histological damage in mice for KK (-), KK (+), KP1 and KP2 were 9.57 + 0.701; 28.93 + 1.698; 9.28 + 0.873 and 27.79 + 1.651, respectively. Result of statistic analysis showed that there were significant differences of kidney cells damage score between KK (-) – KK (+), KK (-) – KP2, KK (+) – KP1, KP1 – KP2, and non significant differences between KK (-) – KP1 and KK (+) – KP2. Conclusions: Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. seed extract showed nephroprotector effect against paracetamol-induced kidney cells histological damage in mice. Keywords: mahagony seed extract, nephroprotector, kidney cells histological damage
PerbedaanPengaruh Nefroprotektor Ekstrak Kunyit, Ekstrak Temulawak, dan Kombinasinya Terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Ginjal Mencit yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Sanubari, Aulia Agung; Muthmainah, .; Isdaryanto, .
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Background: Turmeric and xanthorrhiza have been known to contain curcumin, and specially xanthorrhiza also contain xanthorrhizol that may exhibit significant protection of kidney cells from free radicals. This study has carried out to evaluate difference nefroprotector effect between turmeric, xanthorrhiza, and combination turmeric and xanthorrhiza on histological damage of kidney cells that induced paracetamol in mice. Methods: Present study was experimental laboratory research with post test only controlled group design.Samples were 30 male Swiss webster mice (2-3 months old) weighing+20 g, and they were divided equally into 5 groups, 6 mice each group. Sampling technique in this research was incidental sampling.KK (-) and KK (+) were given aquadest for 14 days. KP1 was given turmeric extract with the dose of 2,8 mg/20 g body weight of mice, KP2 was given xanthorrhiza extract with the dose of 14 mg/20 g body weight of mice, and KP3 was given combination of turmeric extract with dose 2,8 mg/20 g body weight of mice and xanthorrhiza extract with dose 14 mg/20 g body weight of mice for 14 days.Paracetamol was given to groups ofKK (+), KP1, KP2, and KP3on the 12th, 13th, and 14th day. On day-15th, micewere sacrificedandkidneys weretakento makepreparationsby paraffinblockmethodandHEstaining. Kidney histological features were assessed based on quantifying ofpyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. Data were analyzed with the Kruskall-Wallis test (α=0.05) and continued with Mann-Whitney test (α=0.05). Results: Mean KK(-) : 10,33±1,40, KK(+) : 25,88±3,19, KP1 : 15±2,37, KP2 : 11,58±2,33, and KP3 : 13±1,92. Result of statistically data analysis showed that there was a significant difference of kidney damage score between all pairs of groups, except KK(-) - KP2 was not significant. Conclusion: There was a difference nefroprotector effect between turmeric, xanthorrhiza, and combination of them on histological damage of kidney cells that induced paracetamol, and xanthorrhiza extract at dose 14 mg/20 g body weight of mice had a better effect than turmeric extract or combination of them. Keywords: turmeric extract, xanthorrhiza extract, nefroprotector, kidney cells damage.
Pengaruh Pemberian Sari Buah Stroberi Terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Ginjal Mencit Akibat Paparan Parasetamol Komalasari, Pratita; Muthmainah, .; Murti, Bhisma
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Abstract

Background: Strawberry essence is known to contain vitamin C, anthocyanins and elagic acid. It has potent antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to examine the effects of strawberry essence in preventing histologic damage renal cell of mice (Mus musculus). Methods: The study used Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design. The samples of 28 male mice (Mus musculus) Swiss Webster strain, aged 2-3 months, body weight ± 20 grams were divided into 4 groups: KK (aquadest), KP I (aquadest + paracetamol), KP II (Paracetamol+Strawberry essence dose 416 mg/20 g BB), KP III (Paracetamol+Strawberry essence dose 832 mg/20 g BB). The treatment was given for 14 days, except paracetamol was given only on day 12 th, 13 th, 14 th. On day 15th mice were sacrificed by neck dislocation. Then right and left renal of mice were taken. From each renal was made two histological preparations. Renal preparations were made ​​by the method of paraffin blocks with Haematoxylin Eosin staining (HE). Observations of renal used a light microscope magnification of 1000 times. The number of damaged cells from each of 50 cells in the renal proximal tubule were counted. Data were analyzed by One-Way Analysis of Variant Test (ANOVA) and Post Hoc test (α=0,05). Results: Mean of KK = 7.61 ± 1.786, KP I = 37.07 ± 2.905, KP II = 29.64 ± 3.540, KP III = 22.39 ± 3.403. There were significant differences of the mean number of damage cells in all pairs of groups (KK-KP I, KK-KP II, KK-KP III, KP I-KP II, KP I KP III, and KP II-KP III). Conclusion: The Strawberry essence (Fragaria x annanassa) could prevent histological damage renal cells of mice exposed to paracetamol, but it could not give the same effect as the KK (p < 0.001). Keywords: Strawberry Essence, paracetamol, histologic damage renal cell
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Bit Merah (Beta vulgaris) terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Anggara, Amanda Yessica; Muthmainah, .; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Kidney failure can happen due to intoxication of paracetamol that causes oxidative stress. Red beet (Beta vulgaris) containing various components such as vitamin A, C and E, flavonoid, Cu, Zn, Mn, selenium, betanin, and phenolic has a function as antioxidants. The aims of this research were to know the nefroprotective effect of ethanol extract of red beet to prevent renal cell damage of mice. Methods: This was laboratory experimental research with posttest only controlled group design. Subjects of this research were thirty Swiss webster male mice (Mus musculus), 2-3 months old and ± 20 grams of body weight (BW), each.. The subjects were divided into 5 groups randomly. The groups of this research were negative control (KK(-)), positive control (KK(+)), experimental group 1 (KP1), experimental group 2 (KP2), and experimental group 3 (KP3). The KP1, KP2 and KP3 were administered 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg and 22.4 mg per 20g BW, successively. The nefroprotective effect of ethanol extract of red beet to prevent renal cell damage of mice was assessed by counting the number of damage cells among 50 renal cells on pars convulata. Results: One-Way ANOVA analysis p=0.000 (p<0.05) followed by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons showed a significant difference between negative control and other groups. The increasing dose of the ethanol extract of red beet was followed by the improvement of the protective effect. The linear regression test p=0.000 (p<0.05) showed a correlation between the increase of dose of ethanol extract of red beet and the improvement of the nefroprotective effect to the histological damage of mice’s renal cells. Conclusions: Ethanol extract of red beet showed the nefroprotective effect to the histological damage of mice’s renal cells induced by paracetamol. The increase of dose of the ethanol extract of red beet improved the protective effect to mice’s renal cells. Keywords: ethanol extract of red beet, histological damage of mice’s renal cells, paracetamol 
Pengaruh Elektroakupunktur Titik Zusanli (ST 36) dan Sanyinjiao (SP6) terhadap Ketebalan Korteks Adrenal Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang Dipapar Bising Intermiten Luthfiyanto, Muhammad; Muthmainah, .; Handayani, Selfi
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Noise exposure triggers stress and thickens adrenal cortex. Electroacupuncture on Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) acupoints is known to reduce stress and improve the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This study aimed to know the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) acupoints towards adrenal cortex thickness of rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed by intermittent noise. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental study with the post-test only control group design. The subject of this study was male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), 1-2 months old, and 200-250 grams of body weight. Twenty seven rats were taken by consecutive sampling. The rats were divided into 3 groups randomly, each group consisted of 9 rats. The Control Group (KK) was untreated, the treatment group 1 (KP1) was exposed by the noise, the treatment group 2 (KP2) was exposed by the noise and treated with electroacupuncture. Noise exposure was conducted for about 8 hours/day intermittently during 21 days respectively, while electroacupuncture treatment was done every 3 days, so there were 7 times of electroacupuncture treatment. Electroacupuncture was conducted at Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) acupoints at 2 Hz of frequency in a continuous wave for 15 minutes that its intensity was adjusted until local muscle contractions were seen.  On the 22nd day, rats were sacrificed by neck dislocation and rat’s adrenal glands were taken and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin for histological study. The thickness of rat’s adrenal cortex was observed under light microscope with 400x magnification. The data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA test and LSD test (α = 0.05). Results: The average of cortex adrenal thickness in KK,  KP1 and KP2 were 454.93 ± 2.03 µm, 565.59 ± 0.97 µm and 479.65 ± 1.34 µm, consecutively. One Way ANOVA test showed significant differences among the three groups with p=0.000 (p<0.05). LSD test also showed significant differences between KK-KP1, KK-KP2, KP1-KP2 with each of p=0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) acupoints affected to prevent the thickening of adrenal cortex of rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed by intermittent noise. Keywords: electroacupuncture, Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), noise, adrenal cortex’s thickness. 
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Bit Merah (Beta vulgaris L.) terhadap Struktur Histologis Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) Akibat Paparan Minyak Kelapa Sawit Pemanasan Berulang Ramadhan, Fitri Febrianti; Muthmainah, .; Widyaningsih, Vitri
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: One of plants with abundant antioxidant compounds is red beet (Beta vulgaris L.). That antioxidant compounds can be found in betalain pigment, β-karoten, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, flavonoid, mineral Cu, Mn, Zn and selenium. This research was conducted to prove the nefroprotective effect and the optimal dose of ethanol extract of red beet which can prevent renal cells damage of mice induced by deep frying palm oil. Methods: This research was laboratory experimental research. Samples were thirty Swiss webster male mice, 2-3 months old and ± 20 grams of each weight divided into 5 groups randomly, each groups have six mice. Normal control group (KKn) wasn’t given any treatments, only aquades. The second group (KP) was induced 0.06 ml/ 20 g weight deep frying palm oil orally and aquades every day for 14 days that can cause renal cells damaging. KP1, KP2, and KP3 were given nephroprotector treatment of ethanol red beet extract with dosage 5.6 ml/ 20 g weight, 11.2 ml/ 20 g weight, and 22.4 ml/ 20 g weight and then after an hour induced 0.06 ml/ 20 g weight frying palm oil orally every day for 14 days. Renal histological imaging were assessed by the sum of the cell nucleus picnosis, cariorecsis, and cariolysis. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and followed by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test. (α = 0.05) Results: One-way ANOVA test showed that the value of p was < 0.001. Mean of each group were KKn (8.67±1.27), KP (44.63±1.31), KP1 (33.88±1.15), KP2 (22.75±1.70), and KP3 (12.79±1.38). Post hoc multiple comparisons test results showed there was significant.  Mean  difference  of  KP-KP1,  KP1-KP2,  and  KP2-KP3 were  respectively 10.75, 11.12, and 9.96. Conclusions: The nefroprotective effect and the optimal dose of ethanol extract of red beet can prevent renal cells damaging of mice induced by deep frying palm oil. Keywords: red beet, deep frying palm oil, histology of renal 
Efek Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Bit Merah (Beta vulgaris L.) terhadap Kerusakan Sel Hepar Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Dipapar Minyak Kelapa Sawit Pemanasan Berulang Muthmainah, .; Widyaningsih, Vitri
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) contains betalain pigments consisting of betacyanin and betaxanthine that can protect the liver from free radicals. This research aims to know the hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract of red beet against liver histological damage of mice caused by reheated palm oil. Methods: This study was laboratory experimental research with the post test only control group design. This research used male Swiss Webster mice with 2-3 months old and ±20 g of body weight, each. Thirty samples of mice were divided into 5 groups, each group consisted of 6 mice. Sampling technique in this research was consecutive sampling. The normal control group (KKn) was given distilled water. The exposure group (KP) and the 1st, 2nd, 3rd treatment group (KP1, KP2, KP3), mice were given reheated palm oil. KP1, KP2, KP3 were not only given reheated palm oil, but also were given ethanol extract of red beet in dose 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg, and 22.4 mg. These treatments were done for 14 days. On the 15th day mice were killed with neck dislocation and livers were made for preparation with Paraffin Block method and were stained with Hematoxyllin Eosin (HE). Liver histological features were assessed based on quantifying of necrotic cells (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis) of each 100 cells in the third zone. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and Post Hoc test. Results: Data showed mean of necrotic cells in KKn, KP, KP1, KP2, KP3 respectively were 27.17±1.47, 75.33±1.61, 61.92±1.56, 51±1.54, 43.08±1.73 and mean difference between KP-KP1, KP1-KP2, KP2-KP3 were 13.42, 10.92, 7.92. The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed a significant difference of liver damage score in the five groups, p < 0.001. The results of Post Hoc test also showed significant difference among five groups, p < 0.001 and the most significant difference were between KP-KP2. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of red beet provides protective effect against mices liver histological damage caused by reheated palm oil and optimal dose of ethanol extract of red beet is 11.2 mg/20 g of body weight. Keywords: Ethanol extract of red beet, reheated palm oil, liver histological damage. 
Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa) Terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Hepar Mencit yang Diinduksi Rhodamin B Pratiwi, Risky; Muthmainah, .; Sari, Yulia
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Strawberry contains flavonoid, anthocyanin, ellagic acid and vitamin C that can protect the liver from free radicals. The aims of this research are to know the effect of strawberry juice and the increasing of its dose on the liver histological damage of mice caused by rhodamine B. Methods: This study was laboratory experimental research with the post-test only control group design. The laboratory animal used in this experiment was male Swiss webster mice with 2-3 months old and ± 20 grams of each weight. Twenty eight samples were divided into 4 groups (KKn, KP, KP1 and KP2), each group consisted of 7 mice. The sampling technique in this research was consecutive sampling. The normal control group (KKn) was given distilled water, while the exposure group (KP), the 1st treatment group (KP1), and 2nd treatment group (KP2) were given rhodamine B. The mice of KP1 and KP2 were given strawberry juice in dose 0.4 ml/20 gWt and 0.8 ml/20 gWt. These treatments were done for 16 days, then on the 17th day mice were killed with neck dislocation and their livers were made for preparation with paraffin block method and stained with HE. Liver cell histological damages were assessed based on quantifying necrotic cells of each 100 cells in the first zone and third zone. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and Post Hoc LSD test (α = 0.05). Results: The data showed mean of necrotic cells in KKn, KP, KP1 and KP2 were 38.64 ± 2.56; 157.64 ± 2.87; 90.07 ± 2.70; and 68.93 ± 2.56, repeatedly. The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed p = 0.000. The results of LSD test showed significant difference between KKn-KP, KKn-KP1, KKn-KP2, KP-KP1, KP-KP2, and KP1-KP2 with p = 0.000 for each groups. Conclusion: Strawberry juice reduces mice’s liver cell histological damage caused by rhodamine B and the increasing dose of strawberry juice can reduce liver cell histological damage. Keywords: Strawberry juice, rhodamine B, liver cell histological damage  
Co-Authors . Harsini . Isdaryanto Aisya Fikritama Aditya Amanda Yessica Anggara Anisa Nur Rahma Aulia Agung Sanubari Bhisma Murti Fitri Febrianti Ramadhan, Fitri Febrianti Muhammad Luthfiyanto Muvida Muvida Pratita Komalasari Risky Pratiwi, Risky Selfi Handayani Tamaulina Br Sembiring Vitri Widyaningsih