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Study on Seasonal Variation of Cohesive Suspended Sediment Transport in Estuary of Mahakam Delta by using A Numerical Model Hadi, Safwan; Ningsih, Nining Sari; Tarya, Ayi
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 13, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (502.912 KB)

Abstract. A coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamics and sediment transport model of HydroQual, Inc., (2002), ECOMSED, has been used to simulate variation of suspended cohesive sediment transport in Estuary of Mahakam Delta. The simulation results indicate that tides and seasonal variation of river discharges are the main causes of variations in the suspended sediment concentration in this area. A one-year simulation of suspended sediment distribution shows that the suspended cohesive sediment discharge to the Makassar Strait is mainly transported southward, namely through locations of Muara Jawa and Muara Pegah and seems to reach a maximum distance of distribution in January and a minimum one in October. The simulation results also show that river discharges less influence the suspended sediment concentration at Tanjung Bayur, which is located at the tip of the channel in the middle, compared to the other locations. Abstrak. Suatu model kopel tiga dimensi hidrodinamika dan transpor sedimen HydroQual, Inc., (2002), ECOMSED, diterapkan untuk mensimulasi variasi transpor sedimen kohesif melayang di Estuari Delta Mahakam. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pasut dan variasi musiman dari debit sungai adalah penyebab utama dari variasi konsentrasi sedimen melayang di daerah ini. Simulasi satu tahun distribusi sedimen melayang memperlihatkan bahwa sedimen kohesif yang memasuki Selat Makassar terutama ditransporkan ke arah selatan melalui Muara Jawa dan Muara Pegah. Jangkauan maksimum dari aliran sedimen memasuki Selat Makassar terjadi pada bulan Januari dan minimum pada bulan Oktober. Hasil simulasi juga menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh debit sungai terhadap konsentrasi sedimen di Tanjung Bayur lebih kecil daripada di lokasi-lokasi yang lain.

Study on Seasonal Variation of Cohesive Suspended Sediment Transport in Estuary of Mahakam Delta by using A Numerical Model Safwan Hadi; Nining Sari Ningsih; Ayi Tarya
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 13 No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jts.2006.13.1.2

Abstract. A coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamics and sediment transport model of HydroQual, Inc., (2002), ECOMSED, has been used to simulate variation of suspended cohesive sediment transport in Estuary of Mahakam Delta. The simulation results indicate that tides and seasonal variation of river discharges are the main causes of variations in the suspended sediment concentration in this area. A one-year simulation of suspended sediment distribution shows that the suspended cohesive sediment discharge to the Makassar Strait is mainly transported southward, namely through locations of Muara Jawa and Muara Pegah and seems to reach a maximum distance of distribution in January and a minimum one in October. The simulation results also show that river discharges less influence the suspended sediment concentration at Tanjung Bayur, which is located at the tip of the channel in the middle, compared to the other locations. Abstrak. Suatu model kopel tiga dimensi hidrodinamika dan transpor sedimen HydroQual, Inc., (2002), ECOMSED, diterapkan untuk mensimulasi variasi transpor sedimen kohesif melayang di Estuari Delta Mahakam. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pasut dan variasi musiman dari debit sungai adalah penyebab utama dari variasi konsentrasi sedimen melayang di daerah ini. Simulasi satu tahun distribusi sedimen melayang memperlihatkan bahwa sedimen kohesif yang memasuki Selat Makassar terutama ditransporkan ke arah selatan melalui Muara Jawa dan Muara Pegah. Jangkauan maksimum dari aliran sedimen memasuki Selat Makassar terjadi pada bulan Januari dan minimum pada bulan Oktober. Hasil simulasi juga menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh debit sungai terhadap konsentrasi sedimen di Tanjung Bayur lebih kecil daripada di lokasi-lokasi yang lain.

SUHU PERMUKAAN DAN KANDUNGAN PANAS LAUT PERAIRAN INDONESIA DALAM SATU ABAD TERAKHIR Mutiara Rachmat Putri; Iwan Pramesti Anwar; Ayi Tarya; Idris Mandang
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol 23, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Histori kenaikan suhu permukaan laut (SPL) telah terjadi sejak revolusi industri dunia. Secara alamiah kejadian letusan gunung yang dahsyat dapat pula mempengaruhi suhu air laut hingga kedalaman laut tertentu. Suhu air laut ini sangat mempengaruhi kandungan panas laut, yang berperan penting dalam mengatur kondisi iklim yang terjadi di bumi. Kandungan panas laut di Perairan Indonesia dihitung menggunakan data temperatur berdasarkan data Met Office Hadley Observation “EN 4.1.1” yang merupakan hasil model numerik dan asimilasi data pengamatan, dengan resolusi ruang 1o x 1o dan rentang waktu bulanan dari tahun 1901-2015 atau selama 115 tahun. Kandungan panas laut dihitung di kedalaman 0-100 m dan total kedalaman perairan Indonesia. Kandungan panas laut permukaan di Indonesia dari tahun 1901-2015 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 2x1014 J, namun sebaliknya di kedalaman total turun sebesar -2x1014 J. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan iklim dari interaksi laut udara di permukaan laut, yang ditunjukkan pula adanya trend kenaikan SPL dalam kurun waktu 115 tahun. Pengaruh dari Samudra Pasifik yang masuk melalui Sistem Arus Laut Indonesia diperkirakan menjadi penggerak utama kenaikan kandungan panas laut di Indonesia. Selama indeks Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) memiliki fase positif menyebabkan turunnya kandungan panas di Perairan Indonesia dan sebaliknya fase negatif PDO menyebabkan naiknya kandungan panas laut rata-rata.

Karakteristik Transformasi Pasang Surut di Delta Berau, Kalimantan Timur Ayi Tarya; M. Faiq Yasna; Ivonne M. Radjawane; Hanif S. Sutiyoso
Buletin Oseanografi Marina Vol 11, No 3 (2022): Buletin Oseanografi Marina
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/buloma.v11i3.45437

Karakteristik gelombang pasang surut akan mengalami transformasi ketika menjalar dari laut lepas ke perairan dangkal seperti pesisir pantai, estuari dan delta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji transformasi elevasi pasang surut dari hilir ke hulu di Delta Berau meliputi komponen pasang surut utama semidiurnal dan diurnal (M2, S2, K1, dan O1), serta komponen pasang surut perairan dangkal M4 dan MS4. Metode analisis harmonik pasang surut menggunakan program T-TIDE di empat lokasi titik pengamatan (Tanjung Redeb, Batu Batu, Semanting dan Muara Tumbuk). Data elevasi pasang surut yang digunakan merupakan hasil observasi data lapangan pada waktu pengukuran dari 31 Mei â€“ 27 September 2007. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa amplitudo elevasi pasang surut mengalami peredaman dari arah hilir menuju hulu delta, komponen pasang surut semidiurnal M2 dan S2 berkurang 25%. Amplitudo komponen pasang surut diurnal O1 dan K1 berkurang 22%, sedangkan amplitudo komponen pasang surut perairan dangkal (M4 dan MS4) bertambah 370% dan 220% dari hilir ke hulu delta. Ketidaksimetrisan pasang surut diperlihatkan dengan perbedaan durasi waktu ketika menuju pasang (4-5 jam) dan menuju surut (7-8 jam) di Tanjung Redeb. Rasio amplitudo M4 dan M2 (Ar) diperoleh nilainya bertambah dari hilir ke hulu, dengan rasio maksimum bernilai 0,1 di Tanjung Redeb.Â The characteristics of tidal waves will transform when they propagate from the open sea to shallow water such as coast, estuary and delta. The present study aims to examine the tidal transformation from downstream to upstream in the Berau Delta, including the main tidal components of semidiurnal and diurnal (M2, S2, K1, and O1), as well as the tidal components of shallow waters M4 and MS4 are using the T-TIDE harmonic analysis method at 4 locations (Tanjung Redeb, Batu Batu, Semanting dan Muara Tumbuk). The tidal elevations were obtained from field observations in the period from May 31 to September 27, 2007. The results showed that the tidal elevation amplitude decreased from downstream to upstream of the delta, and the M2 and S2 semidiurnal tidal components decreased by 25%. The amplitude of diurnal tidal components O1 and K1 decreased by 22%, while the amplitude of shallow water tidal components (M4 and MS4) increased by 370% and 220% from downstream to upstream of the delta. Tidal asymmetry is indicated by the difference in the duration of high tides (4-5 hours) and low tides (7-8 hours) in Tanjung Redeb, and the difference in duration of high and low tides decreases (more symmetry) from upstream to downstream of the delta. The ratio of M2 and M4 amplitude shows that the value increases from downstream to upstream, with a maximum ratio of 0.1 in Tanjung Redeb.

Pengaruh Pasang Surut Terhadap Profil Kecepatan Arus Melintang Di Sungai Berau, Kalimantan Timur Ayi Tarya; Harish H. Maulamulki; Ivonne M. Radjawane; Hanif S. Sutiyoso
Buletin Oseanografi Marina Vol 12, No 1 (2023): Buletin Oseanografi Marina
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/buloma.v12i1.45438

Profil kecepatan arus melintang pada aliran sungai merupakan parameter penting yang diperoleh dalam pengukuran debit sungai dengan instrumen Horizontal Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (Hâ€ADCP). Dinamika sirkulasi arus di aliran sungai dibangkitkan oleh interaksi antara debit sungai, topografi dan pasang surut. Sungai Berau di Kalimantan Timur merupakan salah satu aliran sungai yang dominan dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pasang surut terhadap variasi profil kecepatan arus melintang sungai dan identifikasi tingkat kecocokan antara profil data kecepatan arus dengan persamaan parabolik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dekomposisi kecepatan arus dengan band pass filter (BPF) dan low pass filter (LPF), dan pencocokan kurva (curve fitting) profil kecepatan arus sungai hasil pengukuran H-ADCP dengan persamaan parabolik. Hasil studi menunjukkan pasang surut berperan dalam menentukan arah kecepatan arus, dimana arus bergerak ke arah hulu saat kondisi pasang dan bergerak menuju ke hilir saat kondisi surut, dengan magnitudo kecepatan arus saat purnama mencapai 1,2 m/s dan saat perbani sekitar 0,5 m/s. Pasang surut mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kontribusi kecepatan arus, berdasarkan hasil BPF diperoleh 85% dari kecepatan arus total adalah arus yang dibangkitkan oleh pasang surut, sedangkan arus non-pasang surut berkontribusi hanya 15%. Hasil pencocokan kurva antara profil kecepatan arus dan persamaan parabolik diperoleh bahwa kondisi pasang surut purnama merupakan periode yang paling optimal, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan tingkat kecocokan mencapai 94%, nilai korelasi rata-rata ( ) adalah 0,95 dan panjang rata-rata profil kecepatan arus yang dapat didekati persamaan parabolik mencapai 125 m.Â Â The cross-sectional velocity profile in river flow is an important parameter which obtained in measuring river discharge with the Horizontal Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (Hâ€ADCP) instrument. Circulation dynamic of river flow is generated by the interaction between river discharge, topography and tides. The Berau River in East Kalimantan is one of the river which has dominant influenced by tides. This study aims to determine the effect of tides on variations in the river cross-sectional velocity profile and to identify the degree of agreement between the flow velocity data profile and the parabolic equation. The research method is used the band pass filter (BPF) and low pass filter (LPF) for velocity data decomposition, and curve fitting of the velocity profile as measured by H-ADCP with parabolic equation. Parameter of the quality of curve fitting parabolic equation is determined by the degree of agreement, correlation coefficient (R), and the length of the velocity profile that can be approximated by the parabolic equation. The results of the study show the tides have a significant influence on the flow velocity in the Berau River. Tides play a role in determining the direction of flow velocity, the current moves upstream during high tide and flow moves downstream during low tide, with the magnitude of the velocity at spring tide reaching 1.2 m/s and around 0.5 m/s at neap tide. Tides have a significant influence on the contribution of current velocity, based on BPF result is obtained that 85% of the total current velocity is generated by tides, while non-tidal current contributes only 15%. The results of the curve fitting between the velocity profile and the parabolic equation show the spring tide condition as the most optimal period, this is indicated by the agreement level reaching 94%, the mean correlation is 0.95 and the average length of the velocity profile which can be approached with the parabolic equation is 125 m.

Numerical Modeling of Tidal Current Patterns Using 3-Dimensional MOHID in Balikpapan Bay, Indonesia Hadi Hermansyah; Nining Sari Ningsih; Nabil Nabil; Ayi Tarya; Syahruddin Syahruddin
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v12i1.16257

HighlightsThe results of the model and observation showed the similarity of the amplitude and phase formedAt the highest tide was in the position above the Sea Mean level and the current velocity was lower than when heading to the tideThere was a difference in the direction of the current when heading towards high tideStratification of the water column in both seasons tended to be classified in well-mixed watersAbstractBalikpapan Bay is significant as a link between the cities within and outside of East Kalimantan by becoming the primary path used for local transportation and distribution of produced goods. The various anthropogenic activities increased liquid wastes and debris, which flowed through channels and rivers along the bay. This study aimed to determine tidal current patterns in Balikpapan Bay and its influence on salinity and temperature distributions. This study applied a baroclinic three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model, employing wind, tides, and density variations, resulting from the differences of temperature and salinity, as the model input. To simulate the tidal current flow, we applied MOHID Water Modeling System, which the tidal current patterns depicted current directions and speeds at the different tidal conditions. During the displacement toward the high tidal condition, the water mass moves northwestward entering the river body, while at the displacement toward the low tidal condition, the water mass moves southeastward, which flows toward the coast and without the bay. The current speed varies at certain tidal conditions. At the highest tidal condition, the surface elevation ranged 1.3 - 1.5 m above mean sea level; the current rate is lower compared to the displacement toward high tidal condition, which ranged from 0.01 - 0.15 m/s. At the lowest tidal condition, the surface elevation reached 1 - 1.2 m below mean sea level, and the weaker flow velocity took place (less than 0.15 m/s). The results also showed that the water mass temperature tends to be higher in the inner part of Balikpapan Bay, the Balikpapan Bay waters profile that is increasingly shallow towards the bay head also causes this area to tend to have a higher temperature. Also, areas located on the inside of the bay tend to get more freshwater input from rivers, so this area has lower salinity while the area located at the mouth of the bay tends to be of higher salinity because it gets a lot of mass input of seawater from the Makassar Strait.

SUHU PERMUKAAN DAN KANDUNGAN PANAS LAUT PERAIRAN INDONESIA DALAM SATU ABAD TERAKHIR Mutiara Rachmat Putri; Iwan Pramesti Anwar; Ayi Tarya; Idris Mandang
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v23i2.841

Histori kenaikan suhu permukaan laut (SPL) telah terjadi sejak revolusi industri dunia. Secara alamiah kejadian letusan gunung yang dahsyat dapat pula mempengaruhi suhu air laut hingga kedalaman laut tertentu. Suhu air laut ini sangat mempengaruhi kandungan panas laut, yang berperan penting dalam mengatur kondisi iklim yang terjadi di bumi. Kandungan panas laut di Perairan Indonesia dihitung menggunakan data temperatur berdasarkan data Met Office Hadley Observation “EN 4.1.1” yang merupakan hasil model numerik dan asimilasi data pengamatan, dengan resolusi ruang 1o x 1o dan rentang waktu bulanan dari tahun 1901-2015 atau selama 115 tahun. Kandungan panas laut dihitung di kedalaman 0-100 m dan total kedalaman perairan Indonesia. Kandungan panas laut permukaan di Indonesia dari tahun 1901-2015 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 2x1014 J, namun sebaliknya di kedalaman total turun sebesar -2x1014 J. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan iklim dari interaksi laut udara di permukaan laut, yang ditunjukkan pula adanya trend kenaikan SPL dalam kurun waktu 115 tahun. Pengaruh dari Samudra Pasifik yang masuk melalui Sistem Arus Laut Indonesia diperkirakan menjadi penggerak utama kenaikan kandungan panas laut di Indonesia. Selama indeks Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) memiliki fase positif menyebabkan turunnya kandungan panas di Perairan Indonesia dan sebaliknya fase negatif PDO menyebabkan naiknya kandungan panas laut rata-rata.

VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHTS AND WIND WAVES IN RIAU ARCHIPELAGO SEA PART ALKI 1 Gandhi Napitupulu; Ayi Tarya; I Gede Merta Yoga Pratama; Ignatius Sonny Winardhie
JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022): JURNAL PESISiR DAN LAUT TROPIS
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jplt.10.3.2022.55019

The Riau Archipelago Sea is part of the Indonesian Archipelago Sea Lane (ALKI) 1, with a very high intensity of crossing ships. Analysis of surface wind speed and significant wave height is the most important for the safety and performance of offshore shipping. This research aims to study wave characteristics and wind speed by identifying the main factors that affect significant wave height and surface wind speed. Dominant factors that affect significant wave height and wind speed are needed to decide on the safest path and the best time before crossing in ALKI-1. Temporal and spatial analysis of the seasonal variability of significant wave height and wind speed using ECMWF data for 18 years. The data used are significant wave height data and wind speed every 6 hours during the period 2000 – 2018. Three observation points are used for temporal analysis, it is found that significant wave height and wind speed are influenced by two main factors, namely MJO and Monsoon. Maximum significant wave height and wind speed that occurs in the SON period for points 3 and the DJF period at points 1 and 2. MJO affects directly from phases one to eight for observation points 1, 2, and 3. The 4, 7, and 8 MJO phases affect the value of wave height and wave speed significantly, and the 1, 2, and 5 MJO phases affect wave height and wind speed weakly. Keywords: ALKI 1, MJO, MJO phase, Monsoon, Significant wave height, Wind speed.

Dinamika Perubahan Garis Pantai Di Muara Gembong, Bekasi, Jawa Barat Pada Tahun 2011-2021 Meizwar, Dara Afiifah; Tarya, Ayi
Journal of Tropical Marine Science Vol 7 No 2 (2024): Journal of Tropical Marine Science
Publisher : Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/jour.trop.mar.sci.v7i2.5063

Shoreline change can be an increase (accretion) or decrease (abrasion) of land on the coast due to human activities. This research aims to determine shoreline change occurs at Muara Gembong in 2011-2021 using coastline extracted from Landsat satellite imagery with band ratio and composite RGB methods. Shoreline changes were analyzed with Digital Shoreline Analysis (DSAS) using Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR), and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) statistical methods, to identify distance and rate of coastline change. Muara Gembong area is divided into Zone A located in the south and Zone B located in the north which is directly exposed to the Java Sea. Shoreline change for 10 years showed a tendency to accrete as far as 6.81 m. Rate of shoreline change value 0.18 m/year with accretion rate 12.24 m/year and abrasion rate -7.68 m/year. The total area of abrasion in 10 years comes to 805,562.41 m2 and the area of accretion is 881,897.24 m2. The direction of sediment transport in Zone A leads to the south or to the left of estuary, while in Zone B heading east or right of estuary. It is influenced by the greatest contribution of wave energy that propagates from the northwest.

Variations of Marine Debris In Manado Bay and its environs Andakke, Jeszy Novianti; Tarya, Ayi
Jurnal Ilmiah Platax Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): ISSUE JULY-DECEMBER 2022
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.v10i2.40841

Nowadays, Indonesia is facing an increasing crisis of debris pollution. Through rivers, city drainage, marine activities, and tourists, garbage can enter the sea. The existence of this debris is a new threat that has a terrible impact on the marine ecosystem and the socio-economic sustainability of the community. Based on this, the Government of Indonesia has issued a regulation in Presidential Regulation no. 83 of 2018 concerning Marine Debris Management. One of the achievement points is the compilation of baseline data and publication of marine debris in all coastal areas of Indonesia every year. This study aimed to identify the types of marine debris found in macro and meso sizes and to analyze the composition and density of marine debris on the coast of Manado Bay and its environs during ebb and flood tide. Sampling was carried out on five beaches in Manado Bay and its environs using the Marine Debris Monitoring Guidelines by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) 2020. Based on the data collection, it was found that nine types of marine waste materials and types of plastic waste were the most dominant types of waste found (about 70-86%). Of the five research sites, Sindulang Beach is the location with the highest solid waste density of 8.28 items/m2 (during flood tide) and 15.31 items/m2 (during ebb tide). Overall, the amount of marine debris found during ebb tide conditions was more than during flood tide conditions, and the amount of macro-sized trash was more than meso-size. White and transparent colors were the dominant color.Keywords: Composition; Density; Macro and Meso-Marine debris; Manado Bay; Color of debrisAbstrakSaat ini Indonesia sedang menghadapi krisis pencemaran sampah yang kian meningkat Sampah dapat masuk ke laut melalui aliran sungai, drainase kota, aktivitas laut maupun dari para wisatawan Keberadaan sampah tersebut menjadi ancaman baru yang sangat berdampak buruk terhadap ekosistem laut dan keberlangsungan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengeluarkan suatu regulasi dalam Peraturan Presiden No. 83 Tahun 2018 tentang Penanganan Sampah Laut. Salah satu poin capaiannya yaitu tersusunnya baseline data dan publikasi sampah laut di seluruh wilayah pesisir Indonesia setiap tahunnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi jenis sampah laut ukuran makro dan ukuran meso yang ditemukan dan menganalisis komposisi serta kepadatan sampah laut di pesisir Teluk Manado dan sekitarnya saat kondisi pasang dan surut. Pengambilang sampel dilakukan pada 5 pantai di Teluk Manado dan Sekitarnya dengan menggunakan Pedoman Pemantauan Sampah Laut oleh Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) Tahun 2020. Berdasarkan hasil pendataan, didapatkan 9 jenis bahan sampah laut dan jenis sampah plastik merupakan jenis sampah yang paling dominan ditemukan (sekitar 70-86%). Dari kelima lokasi penelitian, Pantai Sindulang merupakan lokasi dengan kepadatan sampah tertinggi yaitu sebesar 8,28 item/m2 (saat kondisi pasang) dan 15,31 item/m2 (saat kondisi surut). Secara keseluruhan, jumlah sampah laut yang ditemukan saat kondisi surut lebih banyak dibanding saat kondisi pasang dan jumlah sampah ukuran makro lebih banyak dibandingkan sampah ukuran meso. Warna putih dan bening merupakan warna sampah yang dominan.Kata kunci: Kepadatan; Komposisi; Sampah laut makro dan meso; Teluk Manado; Warna sampah.

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