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All Journal Humaniora Publika Budaya Paramita: Historical Studies Journal LITERASI: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Humaniora UNEJ e-Proceeding Tawarikh : Journal of Historical Studies Naditira Widya Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Patrawidya: Seri Penerbitan Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya Lembaran Sejarah Handep: Jurnal Sejarah dan Budaya Historia Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia
Nawiyanto .
Department Of History, University Of Jember
Arts Humanities Education Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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THE PROBLEM OF MALARIA AND ITS ERADICATION IN THE EXTREME SALIENT OF JAVA DURING THE DUTCH COLONIAL ERA Nawiyanto, Nawiyanto
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 28, No 2 (2018): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v28i2.14139

Abstract

The extreme salient of Java has often been described as ‘malarious land’ and ‘unheathy region’. Although it had a great consequences on the people’s conditions of health and socio-economy, the problem of malaria has rarely been well-understood and fairly-treated in the existing historical studies. This paper is expected to fill in the existing gap in our knowledge on the issues. By using the available historical sources, the paper seeks to elaborate the problem of malaria and its eradication efforts in the extreme salient of  Java during the Dutch colonial era. The major objectives of the paper are to examine the seriousness of malaria problem existing in the region and its causes, and to elaborate the ways in which the problem of malaria was contained by the colonial authorities. It is argued that there was a significant progress in the fight against malaria and the understanding of the malaria causes and the chosen methods of eradication reflected both scientific advances and economic considerations. Kawasan ujung timur Jawa sering digambarkan sebagai 'tanah malaria' dan 'wilayah yang tidak sehat'. Meskipun mempunyai konsekuensi besar pada kondisi kesehatan dan sosial ekonomi masyarakat, masalah ini jarang dipahami dengan baik dan dibahas secara memadai dalam studi sejarah yang ada. Tulisan ini diharapkan dapat mengisi kesenjangan yang ada dalam pengetahuan kita tentang isu-isu tersebut. Dengan menggunakan sumber-sumber sejarah yang tersedia, tulisan ini berusaha menguraikan problem malaria dan upaya-upaya pemberantasannya di ujung timur Jawa pada masa penjajahan Belanda. Tujuan utama tulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji keseriusan masalah malaria dan sebab-sebabnya  di wilayah tersebut dan menguraikan cara-cara di mana masalah ini diupayakan pemecahannya oleh otoritas kolonial. Diargumentasikan bahwa ada kemajuan yang signifikan dalam perang melawan malaria dan pemahaman tentang penyebab malaria dan metode yang dipilih untuk pemberantasan mencerminkan baik kemajuan ilmiah maupun pertimbangan ekonomi. 
BERAKHIRNYA FRONTIR PERTANIAN: KAJIAN HISTORIS WILAYAH BESUKI, 1870-1970 Nawiyanto, Nawiyanto
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 14, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (97.137 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jmb.v14i1.88

Abstract

This article discusses the agricultural sector of Besuki from an environmental history perspective. The theoretical framework upon which the analysis is built is taken from frontier theories as developed by Turner in the context of American historical experience and Butcher in the context of Southeast Asia. Drawing upon primary and secondary historical source materials, the article argues that the development of the agricultural frontier of Besuki resulted from a combination factors of demography, echnology and overseas market as the driving forces. The inflows of migrant made it possible to exploit the widely available and uncultivated lands for developing commercial crops induced demands from the international markets, and facilitated by the improved technology. The agricultural sector of Besuki translated human agency as an environmental change mover. Human-made landscape grew rapidly and a variety of crops developed from 1870. However, in the 1950s the agricultural frontier of Besuki was closed, as indicated by the decreasing percapita land ownership, the escalating conflicts over lands, and the outgoing migration. This development was also inseparable from the growing environmental consciousness demanding the stoppage of the uncontrolled forest conversion which was also environmentally dangerous for running agricultural activities.
GERAKAN LINGKUNGAN DI JAWA MASA KOLONIAL Nawiyanto, Nawiyanto
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 24, No 1 (2014): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v24i1.2862

Abstract

This article discusses the genesis of the environmental movement in Java during the Dutch colonial era. A number of studies voicing the importance of environmental protection and environment-related local wisdoms have appeared. But, little has been done to uncover the question of how the environmental movement developed and consolidated itself in Java. The neglect of environmental movement dimension causes a failure to transform cultural wisdoms and academic findings into powerful corrective force, useless like “weapon without soldier”. By emplyoing a historical method, this article aims at elaborating the genesis of environmental movement in Java, issues that were taken into focus in the movement and its real achievments  during the Dutch colonial era. The argument is built on the basis of Dutch historical material sources in various forms especially archival materials, official and organisational publications, and complemetarily supported with relevant secondary sources. It is argued that the environmental movement in Java had European/Dutch elite as its major agent, evolved in line with the development of Western interests and understanding of colony functions in economic and non-economic terms, and made concret achievements in legal, orgsnizational-administrative, and practical terms. Key words: environmental movement, colonial era, JavaSejumlah kajian yang menyuarakan pentingnya pelestarian lingkungan dan nilai-nilai kearifan  lokal terkait lingkungan memang banyak dihasilkan. Akan tetapi kajian-kajian yang ada belum secara sistematis mengkaji bagaimana gerakan lingkungan muncul dan mengonsolidasi diri termasuk di Jawa. Diabaikannya dimensi gerakan lingkungan membuat nilai-nilai kearifan budaya dan temuan-temuan akademis terkait lingkungan bagai “senjata tanpa tentara”. Melalui penggunaan metode sejarah, tulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji munculnya gerakan lingkungan di Jawa,  isu-isu yang menjadi fokus perhatian  dan capaian-capaian yang diraih gerakan lingkungan di Jawa pada masa kolonial. Argumentasi tulisan dibangun dengan memanfaatkan terutama sumber-sumber Belanda dalam beragam rupa termasuk arsip, publikasi resmi dan organisasi. Diargumentasikan bahwa gerakan lingkungan di Jawa pada masa kolonial memperlihatkan elite Eropa/Belanda sebagai agensinya, berevolusi seiring dengan perkembangan kepentingan dan pemahaman Barat atas fungsi koloni secara ekonomi dan non-ekonomi, serta mempunyai capaian-capaian konkret dalam aspek legal, organisatoris-administratif, dan praktis. Kata kunci:  gerakan lingkungan, masa kolonial, Jawa, 
MODERNIZING TRADITIONAL MEDICINES IN JAVA: REGULATIONS, PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS Nawiyanto, Nawiyanto
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 2 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i2.7175

Abstract

Traditional medicine (jamu) in Indonesia is continuously transforming due to a number of factors including the growing presence of the biomedical system promoted by the government and drug manufacturers, the requirement of more standardized and scientifically-proven medicinal products, and the declining popularity of herbal medicine among the young generation. Traditional medicines producers need to adjust continuously to the changing environment. This article seeks to examine these transformations by taking Java as its focus of attention. There are two major reasons for this choice. First, the island of Java is home for many traditional medicines producers, both small-scale, home-based industries and large-scale, company-based industries. Second, the largest proportion of the users of traditional medicines and distribution networks are also found in the island. The major questions the article seeks to address are: (1) what regulations have been set in place by the state authorities with regard to the production and distribution of traditional medicines in Java? How do the producers and the related partied respond the regulations?; (2) what efforts have been made by the producers of traditional medicines to accept modernization challenges and to improve the performance of their products; (3) how traditional medicines circulate and what are their distribution networks? Obat tradisional (jamu) di Indonesia terus berubah karena sejumlah faktor termasuk semakin tumbuhnya kehadirani sistem biomedis dipromosikan oleh pemerintah dan produsen obat, kebutuhan akan produk obat yang lebih standar dan terbukti secara ilmiah, dan menurunnya popularitas jamu di kalangan generasi muda. Produsen obat tradisional produsen perlu menyesuaikan terus menerus terhadap lingkungan yang berubah. Artikel ini ditujukan untuk mengkaji transformasi ini dengan mengambil Jawa sebagai fokus perhatian. Ada dua alasan utama untuk pilihan ini. Pertama, pulau Jawa adalah tempat bagi banyak produsen obat-obatan tradisional, baik skala kecil, industri rumahan dan skala besar, industri berbasis perusahaan. Kedua, proporsi terbesar dari para pengguna obat-obatan tradisional dan jaringan distribusi juga ditemukan di pulau ini. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan utama yang hendak dijawab dalam artikel ini adalah: (1) peraturan apakah yang telah ditetapkan oleh otoritas negara yang berkaitan dengan produksi dan distribusi obat-obatan tradisional di Jawa? Bagaimana respons produsen dan pihak terkait terhadap peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku?; (2) upaya apakah yang telah dilakukan oleh produsen obat tradisional untuk menjawab tantangan modernisasi dan untuk meningkatkan kinerja produk mereka; (3) bagaimana obat tradisional beredar dan apa jaringan distribusinya? 
BENCANA DAN PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN: PANDANGAN ETNIK JAWA DAN MADURA DI WILAYAH UJUNG TIMUR JAWA Nawiyanto, S.
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 22, No 1 (2012): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v22i1.1843

Abstract

Disasters and environmental conservation are urgent issues in Indonesia. Studies on aspects and issues of the environment especially during the contemporary period have been produced. Besides the lack of historical insights and the ignorance of folks’ conceptions about disaster and environment,  these studies have largely focused on particular element of the environment especially the forests and more importantly on the official or government’s views. This article seeks to explore views, knowledge, and beliefs concerning disasters and environmental conservation among the Javanese and Madurese ethnic groups.  The article employs a combination of historical and oral history methods. The historical method is used to trace the roots of their conceptions on disasters and environmental conservation especially the forests based on documentary sources. Oral history method is used to get information stored in human memories by conducting interviews. Keywords: disaster, environment, conservation, Javanese, Madurese, Besuki   Bencana dan pelestarian lingkungan merupakan isu yang sangat urgen di Indonesia. Berbagai kajian memang telah dihasilkan mengenai berbagai aspek dan isu lingkungan khususnya pada masa kontemporer. Selain lemah akan wawasan historis dan konsepsi kultural masyarakat, kajian-kajian tersebut masih terpusat pada elemen tertentu dari lingkungan khususnya hutan dan lebih penting lagi menekankan pandangan pemerintah. Oleh karena itu, kajian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pandangan, pengetahuan, dan kepercayaan terkait dengan bencana dan pelestarian lingkungan di kalangan kelompok etnik Jawa dan Madura. Penelitian ini menggabungkan metode historis dan sejarah lisan. Metode historis digunakan untuk melacak akar-akar pandangan masyarakat bencana alam dan pelestarian lingkungan khususnya hutan berdasar informasi dokumen. Metode sejarah lisan digunakan untuk menggali informasi yang tersimpan dalam memori manusia melalui wawancara. Katakunci: bencana, pelestarian lingkungan, etnis Jawa, etnis Madura, Besuki  
BERJUANG MENYELAMATKAN LINGKUNGAN: GERAKAN LINGKUNGAN DI JAWA MASA KEMERDEKAAN 1950-2000 Nawiyanto, Nawiyanto
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 25, No 1 (2015): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v25i1.3421

Abstract

This article discusses the environmental movement in Java during the independence era, with a special focus on the Old Order and New Order periods. Historical method was employed here in conducting the collection of source materials and synthesizing the facts into a historiographical construction. The sense of environmental crisis became the reason for continuing struggle for saving the environment. The result of discussion reveals that not only did it perform colonial legacy, the movement also resulted in modifications, in terms of conservation management and movement forms. There was also a process of strengthening and broadening of the supporting groups of the movement. Especially since the 1970s, the role of non-governmental organizations and media groups intensified. This feature marked a new era that ended the dominant role of the government. In line with this process, new environmental issues were also raised and pollution was a case in point here. Keywords: Environmental movement, environmental issues, government, non-governmental organizations, independence era, JavaArtikel ini membahas gerakan lingkungan di Jawa pada masa kemerdekaan dengan fokus khusus periode Orde Lama dan Orde Baru. Metode sejarah digunakan dalam penggarapan dari pengumpulan sumber hingga penuangan dalam sintesis konstruksi historiografis. Keyakinan akan krisis lingkungan menjadi alasan berlanjutnya perjuangan menyelamatkan lingkungan. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa tidak hanya warisan kolonial tetap hidup, gerakan lingkungan memperlihatkan pula adanya modifikasi dalam hal pengelolaan kawasan konservasi dan bentuk gerakan. Terdapat pula proses penguatan dan perluasan kelompok-kelompok pendukung gerakan. Khususnya sejak tahun 1970-an, peranan organisasi non-pemerintah, media massa, dan kelompok-kelompok akar rumput semakin     menguat. Hal ini menandai sebuah era baru yang mengakhiri peranan dominan pemerintah. Seiring dengan proses ini, isu-isu baru juga dibangun dan pencemaran merupakan ilustrasi pokok di sini.  Kata kunci: gerakan lingkungan, isu lingkungan, pemerintah, organisasi non-pemerintah, masa kemerdekaan, Jawa 
The Brantas River Crisis: the Sand Mining Problem and the Search for Solution Nawiyanto, Nawiyanto; Krisnadi, IG; Endrayadi, Eko Crys; Handayani, Sri Ana; Salindri, Dewi; Calvaryni, Nina Mutiara
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 30, No 2 (2020): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v30i2.23951

Abstract

This article examines the dynamics of power relations in the Brantas River sand mining and its influences on the fate of the most important river of East Java. By relying on archival sources, contemporary newspapers, and oral history interviews, it is argued that the Brantas river crisis occurred due to the acceleration of sand extractions facilitated by improved extraction technology in the form of mechanical sand extracting machines and the growing demand for sand for infrastructure development. Automated sand mining caused damage to infrastructure and settlements in various places along the river from downstream areas that continue to creep upstream, as well as the loss of biodiversity richness. The search for a solution has been going on for some time but failed to stop mining and bring the Brantas River out of the crisis. The failure occurred not because of the absence of a legal protection, but the difficulty of implementing regulations in the field due to the involvement of unscrupulous officials and politicians in the Brantas sand business, as well as the temptation of large and comfortable profits from mining that lured sand miners amid the limited available alternative sources of livelihood. Artikel ini membahas dinamika relasi kuasa dalam penambangan pasir Sungai Brantas dan pengaruhnya terhadap nasib sungai terpenting di Jawa Timur in. Dengan mengandalkan sumber arsip, surat kabar kontemporer, dan wawancara sejarah lisan, diargumentasikan bahwa krisis sungai Brantas terjadi karena percepatan ekstraksi pasir yang difasilitasi oleh perubahan teknologi ekstraksi dalam bentuk mesin diesel penyedot pasir mekanis dan meningkatnya permintaan akan pasir untuk pengembangan infrastruktur. Penambangan pasir mekanis menyebabkan kerusakan infrastruktur dan permukiman di berbagai tempat di sepanjang sungai dari daerah hilir yang terus merambat ke hulu, serta hilangnya kekayaan keanekaragaman hayati. Pencarian solusi telah berlangsung selama beberapa waktu, tetapi gagal menghentikan penambangan dan membawa Sungai Brantas keluar dari krisis. Kegagalan itu terjadi bukan karena tidak adanya payung hukum, tetapi kesulitan menerapkan peraturan di lapangan karena keterlibatan pejabat dan politisi yang tidak bermoral dalam bisnis pasir Brantas, serta godaan keuntungan besar dan mudah dari penambangan. memancing para penambang pasir di tengah sumber mata pencaharian alternatif yang tersedia terbatas. 
PEMBANGUNAN IRIGASI WIDAS DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP EKONOMI DAN LINGKUNGAN DI NGANJUK, JAWA TIMUR 1978-2010 Ardhian Dwi Prabowo; S Nawiyanto
Handep: Jurnal Sejarah dan Budaya Volume 4, No. 1, December 2020
Publisher : Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kalimantan Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33652/handep.v4i1.118

Abstract

The paper discusses Widas irrigation development and effects on the socio-economy andenvironment of people of Nganjuk Regency in 1978-2010. The research examines theconditional factors promoting Widas irrigation development, the development process andeffects on the local economy and environment. The study used the historical methodconceptualized by Kuntowijoyo which included topic selction, source collection, verification,interpretation, and historiography. Widas river has offered important benefits for thecommunity’s economy, especially the agricultural sector; however, it still causes floodswhich leads to a big loss to Nganjuk people. The irrigation development was a programdesigned to bring multiple benefits, particularly to control the severe flood of Widas riverand to promote agricultural production in Nganjuk area. It successfully increasesagricultural production and improves the community’s economy by opening opportunitiesto change cropping patterns and freshwater fish farming. However, this project has notbeen able to free Nganjuk community from flooding because the forest damage in theupstream area of Widas river disrupts the hydrological system.
Konsepsi Sosio Kultural Etnis Jawa dan Madura di Eks-Karesidenan Besuki tentang Pangan . Nawiyanto
Humaniora Vol 23, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3852.543 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jh.1016

Abstract

This article discusses the sosio-cultural conceptions of foodcrops and foodstuffs among Javanese and Madurese ethnic groups. Drawing upon historical and anthropological materials, it explores views, knowledge, and beliefs concerning especially rice among the Javanese and corn (maize) among the Madurese in the former residency of Besuki. For the two ethnic groups, foodstuffs have not only physiological functions, but also cultural ones. The socio-cultural conceptions of food crops and foodstuffs, however, are far richer among the Javanese ethnic group than among the Madurese. Especially with the launching of the green revolution program, there has been a great shift in food crops production and staple food consumption among the Madurese from maize to rice. Apart from practical reason, a combination of ecological, economical, and sociological factors help to understand this shift.
PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK BESUKI: KAJIAN DEMOGRAFI HISTORIS Nawiyanto Nawiyanto
Humaniora Vol 21, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3074.611 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jh.1328

Abstract

In demographic terms, Besuki residency was a distinctive region comparedwith the rest of Java. It is argued that demographic growth taking place in the region was linked primarily to migration, rather than births and deaths. Drawing upon diverse historical materials, this article discusses the role of migration and natural factors of births and deaths, in populating the region of Besuki by comparing it with Java. In elaborating the arguments, this article specifically looks at factors and conditions that affected each component and its contribution to the demographic process in the region.
Co-Authors Ardhian Dwi Prabowo Arianto, Dimas Eka Calvaryni, Nina Mutiara Dewi Salindri Eko Crys Endrayadi Eko Hari Priyanto Eko Hari Priyanto, Eko Hari Hanafi, Setia IG Krisnadi Izzatul Kamilia Izzatul Kamilia, Izzatul Ratna Endang W Sri Ana Handayani ST Risalatul Ma’rifah ST Risalatul Ma’rifah Tety Fajrul 'Aini