Nurasyiah, Aas
Program Studi Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Islam, Fakultas Pendidikan Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

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Reducing family poverty through an Islamic women’s empowerment strategy in Indonesia: An analytical network process approach Aas Nurasyiah; Lubna Sarwath; A. Jajang W. Mahri; Ripan Hermawan; Gina Destrianti Karmanto
al-Uqud : Journal of Islamic Economics Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): July
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (540.491 KB) | DOI: 10.26740/aluqud.v6n2.p206-219

Abstract

This study is intended to develop a strategy for the socio-economic empowerment of women from low-income families based on an Islamic perspective. The research was motivated by Indonesia’s low score on the Gender Inequality Index (GII) compared to other countries, indicating the gap between men’s and women’s empowerment in Indonesia. The percentage of women who become the heads of poor households increases yearly. This qualitative study uses the Analytical Network Process (ANP) to test the social welfare measures for low-income families carried out by governments, Islamic philanthropic institutions, and Islamic microfinance institutions. As many as fifteen respondents involved in the ANP method were experts on the studied problems, namely regulators, practitioners, and academics. The research results indicate that the main priority issue developing women’s empowerment is the development of partnership networks. In the next stage, the experts concluded that business assistance and mental-spiritual development were the main priorities for empowering women and reducing family poverty. The provision of financial access is the last priority. One implication of this study is that the empowerment program for women from low-income families must be holistic, e.g., by forming a Group Lending Model (GLM) with a modification of the majlis ta'lim (Islamic community discussion group).
Technology acceptance of zakat payment platform: An analysis of modified of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology Erwanda Nuryahya; A. Jajang W. Mahri; Aas Nurasyiah; Fitranty Adiresuty
al-Uqud : Journal of Islamic Economics Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): January
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (590.911 KB) | DOI: 10.26740/aluqud.v6n1.p142-159

Abstract

This study aimed to determine and analyse the factors that affect a zakat payer receiving and using the zakat platform to pay the zakat. A total of 264 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to respondents who have been paid zakat with the platform. The data were analysed using variance-based structural modelling (PLS-SEM) to examine the hypothesised relationships. The results show that performance expectations and social influence positively and significantly affect behavioural intentions. Facility conditions and behavioural intention have influenced positive and significant impacts on the behaviour of using the online zakat payment platform. Furthermore, this is caused by the trust of zakat payers against online zakat payment platforms that afford to pay zakat faster completion when compared to paying zakat offline. It is also supported by encouragement from the surrounding environment of zakat payers such as: family, work colleagues, community and charity organisations who use the online zakat payment platform.
Regional Sukuk Issuance Strategy for West Java Province Infrastructure Financing A. Jajang W. Mahri; Rais Muhamad Falah; Aas Nurasyiah
Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan Vol. 9 No. 6 (2022): November-2022
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/vol9iss20226pp772-786

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi masalah dan solusi yang menghambat penerbitan sukuk daerah untuk pembiayaan infrastruktur di Jawa Barat. Pendekatan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Subjek penelitian ini berasal dari regulator, akademisi, dan praktisi di bidang sukuk sebanyak 7 orang. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa masalah terbesar belum diterbitkannya sukuk daerah di Jawa Barat adalah rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat (investor) tentang sukuk daerah dan juga rendahnya kesiapan sumber daya manusia (SDM) pemerintah daerah.  Hasil penelitian juga menemukan prioritas solusi yaitu melakukan sosialisasi dan promosi kepada masyarakat (investor) mengenai sukuk daerah,  dengan strategi yang dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut: 1) melakukan sosialisasi dan promosi kepada masyarakat (investor) mengenai sukuk daerah, 2) mengadakan pelatihan atau workshop tentang teknis penerapan, konsep, dan skema syariah sukuk, 3) membuat peraturan daerah khusus yang mengatur tentang penerbitan sukuk disesuaikan dengan otonomi daerah, 4) menyusun dan mengintegrasikan peraturan yang memadai dalam bentuk UU (undang-undang) khusus, yang menjadi payung untuk pelaksanaan sukuk daerah. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat bagi para stakeholder untuk merumuskan strategi penerbitan sukuk daerah di Jawa Barat agar kedepannya pemanfaatan sukuk daerah di bidang infrastruktur lebih optimal, sehingga peran sukuk daerah dalam pembangunan daerah dapat tercapai. Kata Kunci: Sukuk Daerah, Pembiayaan Infrastruktur, Strategi Penerbitan Sukuk, Analytical Hierarchy Process.   ABSTRACT The study aimed to identify problems hindering the issuance of provincial/regional sovereign sukuk (regional sukuk) for infrastructure financing in West Java province as well as solutions to it. The study employed an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The subjects of this study altogether were seven regulators, academicians, and practitioners of sukuk. The results showed that the biggest problem preventing the government of West Java province from issuing a regional sukuk was the low level of public knowledge (investors) on the sukuk and of readiness on the part of human resources (HR) of the provincial government. Therefore, the study found that a priority solution to the problem was the socialization and promotion of provincial sukuk to the community (investors). The further solutions were as follows: 1) socialization and promotion of community training, 2) technical implementation, concept, and schemes of sharia sukuk, 3) Issuance of a special provincial regulation on sukuk, and 4) compilation and integration of related regulations on sukuk in a special law on sovereign sukuk which serves as a legal basis for provincial sovereign sukuk. The study was expected to shed some light on relevant stakeholders in formulating strategies for the issuance of provincial sukuk in West Java province. This in turn will guarantee better utilization of the sukuk for infrastructure financing, exploiting its true potential and roles for better provincial development. Keywords: Regional Sukuk, Infrastructure Financing, Sukuk Issuance Strategy, Analytical Hierarchy Process.   REFERENCES Al Ajlouni, A. T., & Al Habeeb, M. A. (2021). Municipal sukuk as a model for financing municipalities and public service institutions in Saudi Arabia. The Fifth International Conference of Faculty of Business on Roadmap for a Sustainable Development, February, 0–23. Aminy, M. H., & Hurriati, L. (2018). Perkembangan obligasi syariah (Sukuk) di Indonesia. Iqtishaduna, 8(2), 173–184. https://doi.org/10.20414/iqtishaduna.v8i2.694 Ascarya. (2005). Analytic Network Process (ANP): Pendekatan baru studi kualitatif. Pusat pendidikan dan studi kebanksentralan - Bank Indonesia. Baldric, S. (2017). Akuntansi sektor publik (Akuntansi keuangan pemerintah daerah berbasis akrual). UPP STIM YKPN. Baskoro, M. 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(2020). Pembiayaan infrastruktur dengan sukuk negara di Indonesia: Prosedur dan struktur. Jurnal Manajemen, Ekonomi Dan Akuntansi, 4(1), 257–270. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v4i1.233 Fitrianto. (2019). Sukuk dan pembangunan negara. At-Taradhi, 10(1), 71–87. https://dx.doi.org/10.18592/at-taradhi.v10i1.2644 Gorelick, J. (2018). Supporting the future of municipal bonds in sub-Saharan Africa: The centrality of enabling environments and regulatory frameworks. Environment and Urbanization, 30(1), 103-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247817741853 Haq, M. R., Sari, D. P. F., & Hana, K. F. (2020). Peran sukuk terhadap pembangunan infrastruktur. Al-Mutharahah, 17(1), 87-103. Harimurti, A. J., & Zaky, A. (2020). Obstacles and strategy of municipal Islamic bonds issuance as an alternative of municipal funding. AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review, 3(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.47312/aifer.v3i01.250 Hastuti, E. S., & Santoso, B. (2018). Metode Analytic Network Process (ANP) untuk menganalisis faktor belum diterapkannya municipal Islamic bonds pada daerah berpotensi sukuk di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 19(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.30659/ekobis.19.1.1-15 Ibrahim, Z. (2013). Potensi sukuk sebagai alternatif pembiayaan pembangunan di Banten. Al-Qalam, 30(2), 293-318. Kaffah, N. I., & Wirdyaningsih, W. (2019). Implementation of regional sukuk (Islamic bonds) as a solution for Regional economic development in Indonesia. Proceedings of AICS-Social Sciences, 19, 28–37. http://e-repository.unsyiah.ac.id/AICS-Social/article/view/16662 Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian RI. (2021). Inovasi pembiayaan infrastruktur melalui pemanfaatan nilai di Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/702071/innovative-infrastructure-financing-indonesia-id.pdf Kennedy, P. P., Juliana, J., & Utami, S. A. (2020). Efektivitas penyaluran pembiayaan KPR syariah bersubsidi pada PT Bank BTN Syariah Cirebon. Ekspansi: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan, Perbankan Dan Akuntansi, 12(2), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.35313/ekspansi.v12i2.2224 Khan, I. U. (2015). Islamic bonds (Ṣukūk) in Malaysia. Islam and Civilisational Renewal, 6(4), 489–508. https://doi.org/10.12816/0019217 Lahsasna, A., Hassan, M. K., & Ahmad, R. (2018). Forward lease sukuk in Islamic capital markets: Structure and governing rules. Springer International Publishing Palgrave Macmillan. Lailaa, N., & Anshori, M. (2020). The development of sovereign sukuk in Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change 11(11), 636-648. Latifah, S. I. (2020). Peran sukuk surat berharga syariah negara (SBSN) dalam pertumbuhan pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 6(3), 421. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v6i3.1369 Listyaningsih. (2014). Administrasi Pembangunan. Graha Ilmu. Manyanja, A., & Manyengo, I. (2022). Municipal bonds for financing development of infrastructure: A way forward for KCC and local governments in Uganda. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. Nallathiga, R. (2015). Municipal Bonds As a Source of Finance for Urban Infrastructure Development in India by Ramakrishna Nallathiga: SSRN. Nagarlok, XLVII(3), 57–72. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2930028 Perdana, I. F. (2017). Sukuk dan potensinya dalam pembiayaan daerah. Retrieved from https://sikapiuangmu.ojk.go.id/FrontEnd/CMS/Article/10499 Pratiwi, A., Mainata, D., & Ramadayantri, R. S. (2017). Peran sukuk negara dalam pembiayaan infrastruktur. Al-Tijary, 2(2), 155-176. Putri, E. S., & Wisudanto, W. (2017). Struktur pembiayaan pembangunan infrastruktur di Indonesia penunjang pertumbuhan ekonomi. IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series, 3(5), 222–228. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23546026.y2017i5.3136 Robin, Putri Febiana Sari, D., & Fadhullah Hana, K. (2020). Peran sukuk terhadap pembangunan infrastruktur. Al-Mutharahah: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Sosial Keagamaan, 17(1), 87–103. https://doi.org/10.46781/al-mutharahah.v17i1.79 Samonikov, G. M., Veselinova, E., Gruevski, I., Fotov, R., & Binovski, R. (2017). Municipal bonds in developing countries. Case study: Municipality of Stip, Republic of Macedonia. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 5(2), 155–174. https://doi.org/10.25019/mdke/5.2.01 Silalahi, W. (2020). Penataan regulasi berkualitas dalam rangka terjaminnya supremasi hukum. Jurnal Hukum Progresif, 8(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.14710/hp.8.1.56-66 Surachman, E. N., & Setiawan, H. (2016). Municipal bonds as the financing strategy for urban infrastructure: Case study of Jakarta MRT. Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 20(3), 369–381. https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v20i3.283 Suriadi, I., Sriningsih, S., & Hailudin. (2020). Analisis peluang dan tantangan penerbitan sukuk daerah sebagai sumber pembiayaan pembangunan di Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). 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Efisiensi Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah dengan Pendekatan Two Stage Data Envelopment Analysis Devi Rahmawati; Aas Nurasyiah; Aneu Cakhyaneu
Ekspansi: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan, Perbankan, dan Akuntansi Vol 15 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Jurusan Akuntansi Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/ekspansi.v15i1.4637

Abstract

Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) dituntut untuk beroperasi secara efektif dan efisien agar tetap dapat mencapai tingkat profit yang maksimal dengan meminimalisir biaya yang dikeluarkan. Jawa Barat sebagai salah satu provinsi dengan jumlah BPRS terbanyak harus lebih memperhatikan tingkat efisiensi agar dapat tetap berkembang dan bersaing dengan institusi perbankan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat efisiensi dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Sampel yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 27 BPRS di Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa selama tahun 2018 hingga tahun 2021 tingkat efisiensi BPRS di Jawa Barat termasuk dalam kategori masih sangat mungkin untuk dioptimalkan agar menjadi efisien. Inefisiensi disebabkan karena kurang maksimalnya pemanfaatan dana pihak ketiga sehingga tingkat output yang didapatkan juga menjadi kurang maksimal. Kemudian rasio NPF dan KPMM berpengaruh secara negatif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat efisiensi BPRS, sedangkan rasio ROA berpengaruh signifikan ke arah positif serta rasio FDR tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap tingkat efisiensi BPRS di Jawa Barat. Implikasi dari penelitian ini meunjukan bahwa efisiensi BPRS erat kaitannya dengan pengelolaan dan pengelokasian dana terutama dana pihak ketiga serta aset lainnya sebagai sumber daya yang dimiliki untuk menjalankan operasional.
The Economic Empowerment of Women Micro Entrepreneurs: How is the Islamic Wealth Management Impact? Nurasyiah, Aas; Monoarfa, Hilda; Kusnendi, Kusnendi; Firmansyah, Firmansyah; Rosida, Rida; Ismail, Shafinar
Review of Islamic Economics and Finance Vol 6, No 2 (2023): Revıew of Islamic Economics and Finance (RIEF): December 2023
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/rief.v6i2.64901

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Purpose – This research aims to analyze what factors keep women economically empowered during the COVID-19 period. The basic theory used is the theory of famines of poverty (Amartya Sen), which states that one of the main factors for women's economic empowerment is access to financial resources. In this study, the financial governance carried out refers to the Islamic Wealth Management concept developed by experts.Methodology - The method used in this study is quantitative with a causality approach, and besides that, the data analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The subjects of this study were female micro-entrepreneurs who were able to be empowered during the Covid-19 pandemic. Findings - The results of this study conclude that of the five aspects of Islamic Wealth Management, there are wealth accumulation, wealth protection, and wealth distribution have a significant effect on women's economic empowerment. Furthermore, the wealth creation and wealth purification variables do not have a significant effect on women's economic empowerment.
The Millennial Generation's Interest in Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS) on the Island of Java Rosida, Rida; Oktaviani, Nola; Nurasyiah, Aas
Review of Islamic Economics and Finance Vol 7, No 1 (2024): Revıew of Islamic Economics and Finance (RIEF): May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/rief.v1i1.70921

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Purpose – The purpose of this research is to conduct an empirical analysis to obtain theories and concepts, examine and delve into the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, waqf literacy, income levels, and trust in waqf institutions on the millennial Muslim community's interest in cash waqf linked Sukuk (CWLS).Methodology—The method used is a hypothesis testing procedure using a quantitative approach. The analysis tool utilized is Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS.Findings —The research findings indicate that attitudes, subjective norms, waqf literacy, and trust in waqf institutions positively and significantly affect interest in waqf. However, the income level does not affect interest in waqf.Keywords: Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS); interest in waqf; trust in waqf institution; waqf; waqif behavior.
The Impact of Implementing Islamic Wealth Management on Economic Empowerment of Women at the Majelis Taklim Post Covid-19 Pandemic Monoarfa, Hilda; Nurasyiah, Aas; Juliana, Juliana; Rosida, Rida; Cakhyaneu, Aneu
Indonesian Journal of Islamic Business and Economics (IJIBE) Vol 5 No 2 (2023): IJIBE
Publisher : Islamic Economic Scholar Association and Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32424/1.ijibe.2023.5.2.9778

Abstract

The general objective of this research is to analyze what factors keep women economically empowered during the Covid-19 period. The basic theory used is the theory of famines of poverty (Amartya Sen), which states that one of the main factors for women's economic empowerment is access to financial resources. In this study, the financial governance carried out refers to the Islamic Wealth Management concept developed by experts. The method used in this study is quantitative with a causality approach, and besides that, the data analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The subjects of this study were female micro-entrepreneurs who were able to be empowered during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of this study conclude that of the five aspects of Islamic Wealth Management, there are wealth accumulation, wealth protection, and wealth distribution have a significant effect on women's economic empowerment. Furthermore, the wealth creation and wealth purification variables do not have a significant effect on women's economic empowerment. The implication of this research is to be able to create a digital platform that supports women's economic empowerment in order to help the economic conditions of people's households so that they can rise as a result of the Covid-19 outbreak.
Micro Business Performance in DKI Jakarta: Analysis of the Influence of Financial Management and Digital Marketing with Islamic Business Ethics as a Moderating Variable Fathul Muslimin, Nanda; Nurasyiah, Aas; Azizah Al-Adawiyah, Rumaisah
LAA MAISYIR: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam The 2nd International Collaboration Conference on Islamic Economics (ICCEIS) 2024 “Global Innovati
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/lamaisyir.v1i1.52935

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Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a strategic role in Indonesia's economic growth. However, there are still many MSMEs that have difficulty advancing to class, as evidenced by the number of micro-businesses that dominate. Apart from that, many micro-businesses still have difficulty adopting digital and accessing capital. This research analyses Financial Management and digital marketing with Islamic business ethics as a moderating variable influencing micro-businesses performance in DKI Jakarta. This research was carried out using the Resource Based View (RBV) model approach. Data were analyzed using the SEM-PLS method with SmartPLS version 3 software. The research results show that the level of Financial Management, digital marketing, Islamic business ethics, and business performance is in the high category. Other findings show that the level of Financial Management does not affect business performance. Islamic business ethics can moderate the influence of Financial Management and digital marketing on the performance of micro-businesses in DKI Jakarta. This research implies that digital marketing and Islamic business ethics play an important role in improving the performance of micro-businesses. At the same time, Financial Management requires Islamic business ethics as moderation to have a significant impact on the performance of micro-businesses in DKI Jakarta.
Women's Micro Business Performance in Islamic Perspective: Social Learning Theory Approach Fatimah, Salsabila Husnul; Nurasyiah, Aas; Rosida, Rida
Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v14i1.44739

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Research Originality: This research examines the gender gap in the economic sector, particularly women's micro-enterprises in Indonesia, which has not been widely explored. With an Islamic approach and Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory.Research Objectives: This study aims to describe the performance of women micro-entrepreneurs from an Islamic perspective and empirically prove the influence of competence, Islamic work ethic, family support, and manager role actualization on women's micro-enterprises in Bandung City.Research Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a descriptive causality research design. The survey method collected data from 236 female micro-business owners in Bandung City. The data was processed using the Partial Least Square—Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis technique. Empirical Results: The results show that, from an Islamic perspective, competence and an Islamic work ethic positively affect women's micro-enterprise performance. However, family support has a negative influence on business performance.Implications: This research makes an important contribution to understanding the dynamics of women's micro-enterprise performance from an Islamic perspective. The results can be used as a basis for developing more effective programs and policies to support women's economic empowerment through micro-enterprises.JEL Classification: L26, J16, M10, M13, O17, Z12How to Cite:Fatimah, S. H., Nurasyiah, A., & Rosida, R. (2025). Women’s Micro Business Performance in Islamic Perspective: Social Learning Theory Approach. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(1), 217-230. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i1.44739.
Women's Micro Business Performance in Islamic Perspective: Social Learning Theory Approach Fatimah, Salsabila Husnul; Nurasyiah, Aas; Rosida, Rida
Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v14i1.44739

Abstract

Research Originality: This research examines the gender gap in the economic sector, particularly women's micro-enterprises in Indonesia, which has not been widely explored. With an Islamic approach and Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory.Research Objectives: This study aims to describe the performance of women micro-entrepreneurs from an Islamic perspective and empirically prove the influence of competence, Islamic work ethic, family support, and manager role actualization on women's micro-enterprises in Bandung City.Research Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a descriptive causality research design. The survey method collected data from 236 female micro-business owners in Bandung City. The data was processed using the Partial Least Square—Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis technique. Empirical Results: The results show that, from an Islamic perspective, competence and an Islamic work ethic positively affect women's micro-enterprise performance. However, family support has a negative influence on business performance.Implications: This research makes an important contribution to understanding the dynamics of women's micro-enterprise performance from an Islamic perspective. The results can be used as a basis for developing more effective programs and policies to support women's economic empowerment through micro-enterprises.JEL Classification: L26, J16, M10, M13, O17, Z12How to Cite:Fatimah, S. H., Nurasyiah, A., & Rosida, R. (2025). Women’s Micro Business Performance in Islamic Perspective: Social Learning Theory Approach. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(1), 217-230. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i1.44739.