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All Journal IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu dan Praktik Kesehatan
Siti Nurkhamidah
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Journal : Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal

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Effect of Immersion Time on CA/NMP Membrane Preparation for Microplastic Separation in Water Rahmah, Annisa Alifia; Rifai, Muhammad Ayub; Nurkhamidah, Siti; Rahmawati, Yeni
Eksergi Vol 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v21i2.12854

Abstract

Indonesia produces more than 4.8 million tons of plastic waste every year, but it has not been managed properly so that it will end up in Indonesian waters. This plastic waste is then decomposed into microplastics (MPs) which are <5 mm in size. The presence of MPs in Indonesian waters can have a negative impact on living things, so it needs to be separated from the waters. One method that is considered to separate MPs in water is microfiltration using Membrane Technology. This study aims to determine the effect of immersion time on the characteristics and performance of microfiltration membranes. The fabrication of membrane was prepared using phase inversion method, with Cellulose Acetate (CA)/N-Methyl-2Pyrrolidone (NMP) as polymer/solvent and distilled water as non-solvent. Characteristics analysis to determine the hydrophilicity of the membrane such as contact angle, moisture content, porosity and pore size of the membrane. Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM) to determine the surface morphology and structure of the membrane, and analysis of microplastic rejection in water. The results of the characteristic analysis showed that the membrane was hydrophilic with a contact angle in the range of 61-53°, porosity of 80-83%, moisture content of 79-82% and pore size of 8.4-5.8 μm in accordance with the microfiltration membrane, as well as the membrane rejection ability reached 99%. So that membrane technology needs to be developed again to separate MPs in water.
Pengaruh Gliserol sebagai Plasticizer terhadap Karakterisasi Edible Film dari Kappa Karaginan Larasati, Wahyu Adinda; Rahmawati, Yeni; Taufany, Fadlilatul; Susianto, Susianto; Altway, Ali; Nurkhamidah, Siti
Eksergi Vol 21, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v21i3.12451

Abstract

Perkembangan industri pengemasan makanan di era mendatang akan beralih ke bahan alami dan ramah lingkungan yang bisa diproduksi dari biopolimer seperti pati dan hidrokoloid lainnya untuk mengurangi paparan polusi dari polimer sintetis. Kappa karaginan memiliki sifat yang rapuh, sehingga dibutuhkan plasticizer untuk menghasilkan edible film yang lebih elastis. Jenis plasticizer yang digunakan adalah gliserol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi gliserol terhadap karakterisasi edible film dari kappa karaginan. Kappa karaginan dengan konsentrasi 1% (b/v) dilarutkan dengan akuades kemudian ditambahkan gliserol dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,5; 1; 1,5, dan 2% (b/v). Edible film kemudian di karakterisasi berdasarkan sifat mekanik, gugus fungsional, ketebalan, kadar air, kuat tarik, elongasi, warna dan opacity. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa penambahan gliserol sebesar 1% dapat meningkatkan sifat mekaniknya, dan film mempunyai 0,146 mm, kadar air 17,90%, kuat tarik dan elongasi 2,53 MPa dan 14,09% dan sifat optik warna dan opacity masing-masing sebesar 96,96% dan 1,32. 
Aplikasi Membran Komposit PSF/Zeolit untuk Pemisahan Zat Warna Methylene Blue Nurkhamidah, Siti; Rahmawati, Yeni; Virdiansyah, Wahyu Fiqih
Eksergi Vol 21, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v21i3.12439

Abstract

Industri tekstil menghasilkan limbah cair dengan kandungan zat warna sekitar 40%. Metilen biru adalah zat warna yang dapat berdampak pada terganggunya ekosistem perairan dan kesehatan manusia karena bersifat karsinogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan zeolit pada membran polisulfon (PSF) terhadap kinerja membran dalam penyisihan metilen biru. Metode pembuatan membran menggunakan metode inversi fasa dengan N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) sebagai solvent dan akuades sebagai nonsolvent. Karakterisasi membran berdasarkan uji SEM-EDX, menunjukkan zeolit terdeposit pada permukaan membran secara merata. Pada penyisihan metilen biru didapatkan permeabilitas lebih rendah dengan menggunakan zeolit dibanding yang tidak menggunakan zeolit. Sedangkan rejeksi membran PSF dengan zeolit lebih tinggi daripada membran PSF tanpa zeolit. Rejeksi membran PSF dengan zeolit didapatkan hasil hingga 93%.
Modelling Urea and Creatinine Concentration Distribution in Hollow Fiber Membranes for Hemodialysis Applications Fauziah, Melinda Nur; Nurkhamidah, Siti; Taufany, Fadlilatul; Altway, Ali; Susianto; Rahmawati, Yeni
Eksergi Vol 22 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i2.14515

Abstract

Humans are dynamic creatures who continue to follow developments over time. This development also has a big impact on changes in habits and has an impact on the health of everyone, which needs special attention in this era of globalization. One of the treatments for kidney failure patients is kidney function replacement therapy, namely haemodialysis. Haemodialysis therapy is a high technology to replace the function of the kidneys in removing metabolic waste (air, sodium, potassium, hydrogen, urea, creatinine, uric acid and other substances) through a semi-permeable membrane as a separator for blood and dialysate fluid in an artificial kidney (dialyzer). where the processes of diffusion, osmosis, and ultrafiltration occur. In this study, a hollow fiber type dialyzer was used which consisting of three main components: the shell (which directs dialysate flow), the porous membrane, and the tube (which carries blood). In general, this research will be carried out theoretically by developing a mathematical model of mass transfer in hollow fiber membranes in the haemodialysis process to study the distribution of urea and creatinine concentrations in the tube, membrane, and shell axial and radial section, the effect of pore area of membrane on urea and creatinine clearance, and the influence of dialysate flowrate on urea and creatinine clearance. The mathematical modeling successfully illustrates the distribution of urea and creatinine concentrations within the hollow fiber membrane both axially and radially, with a concentration decrease from blood to dialysate, influenced by diffusion and convection mechanisms. Simulation results indicate that increasing dialysate flowrate enhances haemodialysis efficiency, but its effect diminishes after reaching a certain threshold. Meanwhile, increasing the membrane surface area from 1.3 m² to 1.8 m² results in only a slight reduction in the urea concentration from 16.67 mol/m³ to 16.62 mol/m³ and creatinine from 8.85 mol/m³ to 8.83 mol/m³, demonstrating that membrane surface area has a smaller impact.
Fabrication and Characterization of Psf-TiO2/GO Membranes for Photocatalytic Decomposition of Dyes in Batik Liquid Waste Arofah, Rosyida Nofiana; Rahmawat, Yeni; Taufany, Fadlilatul; Nurkhamidah, Siti
Eksergi Vol 22 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i2.14654

Abstract

One of the important processes in making batik cloth is dyeing which requires large amounts of water. Liquid waste from washing and rinsing batik cloth produces color from residual dye and can be the main source of water pollution. One method of removing dyes is the ultrafiltration process using Membrane Technology for photocatalytic decomposition. In this research, polysulfone (PSf) membrane uses addition of different TiO2 compositions (1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 5 wt.%) and graphene oxide (GO) of 0.5 wt.% composition as photocatalyst. The photocatalyst can store energy therefore the photocatalytic process can be performed in a visible light environment. To identify the best composition of photocatalysts, photocatalytic performances were tested by the removal of methyl violet as dye along with characterization of the membranes for the morphological and physicochemical properties using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and DMA. The highest performance under visible light was shown by a membrane containing 5 wt.% TiO2, which provided a permeate flux of 22.97 L m-2 h-1 and dye removal of up to 89.84%. The findings indicated that the PSf membrane matrix's stability and photocatalytic enhanced potential are driven by the cooperative interaction between TiO2 and GO nanoparticles, which function as photocatalysts.
Production of Healthy Sugar by Adding Winter Melon [Benincasa hipsida (Thunb.) Cogn.] From Coconut Sap Megasari, Gabrilla Ulfa; Fahmi; Nurkhamidah, Siti
Eksergi Vol 22 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i2.14656

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of health issues such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension due to excessive sugar consumption has prompted the need for healthier sugar alternatives. This study investigates the production of healthy sugar using coconut sap enriched with winter melon (Benincasa hispida) extract, which offers various health benefits, including anti-diabetic properties. The production process employed a vacuum rotary evaporator at controlled temperatures (50–80°C) to preserve the nutritional and physical qualities of the sugar while minimizing adverse effects of traditional methods. The study assessed sugar composition, crystallization behavior, and product yield. Results showed that the addition of winter melon extract enhanced antioxidant properties and functional value, while varying sugar seed concentrations improved crystallization, yield (up to 10.48%), and color stability. This research contributes to developing low-glycemic, nutritious sugar alternatives, meeting the increasing demand for healthier sweeteners.
Effect of Diethanolamine (DEA) Solvent Flow Rate on the CO2 Absorption-Desorption Process Using a Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor Pamungkas, Raditya; Nurkhamidah, Siti; Taufany, Fadlilatul; Altway, Ali; Susianto, Susianto; Rahmawati, Yeni
Eksergi Vol 22 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i3.14951

Abstract

One of the primary objectives in decarbonization is the separation of CO₂ from industrial gas mixtures, particularly in application such as biogas purification and flue gas treatment. A dual-layer crossflow membrane module was utilized under both circulation and batch operating modes with a 30% DEA solution. This study investigates the influence of solvent flow velocity on CO₂ separation performance using a hollow fiber membrane contactor with a 30% DEA solvent. the process was evaluated under two operating modes: batch and solvent circulation. Key variables measured include the solvent flow rate (40–160 mL/min), operating temperature (30–50°C), and sweep gas flow rate (100–300 mL/min). The results indicate that under continuous operation with a solvent flow rate of 160 mL/min, a temperature of 30°C, and a sweep gas flow rate of 100 mL/min, 50.42% of the CO₂ was successfully removed. In contrast, the batch system, under identical conditions achieved only a 27.8% removal rate. The superior performance in circulation mode is attributed to the continuous renewal of the solvent, which sustains a stable concentration gradient and minimizes mass transfer resistance. These findings underscore the potential of membrane-based systems with optimized solvent circulation for efficient and stable CO₂ capture in industrial applications.
Effect of Stearic Acid on Barrier and Mechanical Properties of Edible Films Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), Konjac Glucomannan (KGM), and κ-Carrageenan (κCarr) Widyasti, Lintang Dian; Meka, Wahyu; Nurkhamidah, Siti
Eksergi Vol 22 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i3.15127

Abstract

The development of edible films using natural polysaccharides presents a sustainable alternative to synthetic packaging materials. This study aimed to enhance the barrier properties of edible films composed of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), konjac glucomannan (KGM), and κ-carrageenan (κCarr) by incorporating stearic acid (SA). Films were prepared by blending the biopolymers with SA at varying concentrations (0.1–0.5% w/w) and characterized for their structural, physical, and mechanical properties. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed molecular interactions between SA and the polysaccharide matrix, evidenced by reduced O–H absorption bands and intensified –CH₂– peaks. SA incorporation increased film thickness and moisture content but reduced tensile strength, elongation at break, solubility, and water vapor permeability (WVP). Although the WVP of SA-modified films did not meet the Japanese Industrial Standard at the tested concentrations, the observed trend suggests that higher SA levels could further improve barrier performance. The optimal formulation (0.5% SA) demonstrated enhanced hydrophobicity, acceptable water activity, and moderate tensile strength and opacity. These findings indicate that stearic acid can effectively modify the functional properties of polysaccharide-based edible films, advancing their potential as eco-friendly food packaging materials. Further optimization of SA concentration is recommended to achieve industrial moisture barrier standards.
Aplikasi Membran Komposit PSF/Zeolit untuk Pemisahan Zat Warna Methylene Blue Nurkhamidah, Siti; Rahmawati, Yeni; Virdiansyah, Wahyu Fiqih
Eksergi Vol 21 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v21i3.12439

Abstract

Industri tekstil menghasilkan limbah cair dengan kandungan zat warna sekitar 40%. Metilen biru adalah zat warna yang dapat berdampak pada terganggunya ekosistem perairan dan kesehatan manusia karena bersifat karsinogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan zeolit pada membran polisulfon (PSF) terhadap kinerja membran dalam penyisihan metilen biru. Metode pembuatan membran menggunakan metode inversi fasa dengan N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) sebagai solvent dan akuades sebagai nonsolvent. Karakterisasi membran berdasarkan uji SEM-EDX, menunjukkan zeolit terdeposit pada permukaan membran secara merata. Pada penyisihan metilen biru didapatkan permeabilitas lebih rendah dengan menggunakan zeolit dibanding yang tidak menggunakan zeolit. Sedangkan rejeksi membran PSF dengan zeolit lebih tinggi daripada membran PSF tanpa zeolit. Rejeksi membran PSF dengan zeolit didapatkan hasil hingga 93%.
Pengaruh Gliserol sebagai Plasticizer terhadap Karakterisasi Edible Film dari Kappa Karaginan Larasati, Wahyu Adinda; Rahmawati, Yeni; Taufany, Fadlilatul; Susianto, Susianto; Altway, Ali; Nurkhamidah, Siti
Eksergi Vol 21 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v21i3.12451

Abstract

Perkembangan industri pengemasan makanan di era mendatang akan beralih ke bahan alami dan ramah lingkungan yang bisa diproduksi dari biopolimer seperti pati dan hidrokoloid lainnya untuk mengurangi paparan polusi dari polimer sintetis. Kappa karaginan memiliki sifat yang rapuh, sehingga dibutuhkan plasticizer untuk menghasilkan edible film yang lebih elastis. Jenis plasticizer yang digunakan adalah gliserol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi gliserol terhadap karakterisasi edible film dari kappa karaginan. Kappa karaginan dengan konsentrasi 1% (b/v) dilarutkan dengan akuades kemudian ditambahkan gliserol dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,5; 1; 1,5, dan 2% (b/v). Edible film kemudian di karakterisasi berdasarkan sifat mekanik, gugus fungsional, ketebalan, kadar air, kuat tarik, elongasi, warna dan opacity. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa penambahan gliserol sebesar 1% dapat meningkatkan sifat mekaniknya, dan film mempunyai 0,146 mm, kadar air 17,90%, kuat tarik dan elongasi 2,53 MPa dan 14,09% dan sifat optik warna dan opacity masing-masing sebesar 96,96% dan 1,32. 
Co-Authors Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah Rohmah Al Wafi Rahmaputri Ardianingrum Ali Altway Apriliani, Eltigeka Devi Arofah, Rosyida Nofiana Fadlilatul Taufany Fahmi Fauziah, Melinda Nur Larasati, Wahyu Adinda Megasari, Gabrilla Ulfa Meka, Wahyu Nailah, Rossesari Ni’mah, Hikmatun Pamungkas, Raditya Purwanto, Belinda Kezia Rachmaniah, Orchidea Rahmah, Annisa Alifia Rahmawat, Yeni Rifai, Muhammad Ayub Sari, Citra Yulia Susianto Susianto Susianto Tirta, Anggi Tri Widjaja Virdiansyah, Wahyu Fiqih Wardhono, Endarto Yudo Widyasti, Lintang Dian Yeni Rahmawati, Yeni