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All Journal Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial SIASAT Journal Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education Journal (Birle Journal) Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx Journal) Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal (BIoEx Journal) Rowter Journal Matondang Journal Economit Journal Polit Journal LingLit Journal Lakhomi Journal
Muhammad Ridwan
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Transportation Other

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The Cosmic Descent of Falling Angles: Ethiopian Orthodox Teachings, Astronomical Insights, and Philosophical Reflections Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Matondang Journal Vol 4 No 1 (2025): Màtondàng Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/matondang.v4i1.1249

Abstract

Religion, astronomy, and philosophy are just a few fields of human thought that have understood falling as a physical phenomenon and a symbolic idea. In the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition, falling is often viewed as a moral and spiritual descent, particularly in the narrative of the Book of Enoch, where the fall of angels represents disobedience and the corruption of humanity. Astronomically, falling is understood as the entry of meteors or meteorites into Earth’s atmosphere, governed by the laws of physics. Philosophically, falling is explored as a metaphor for existential struggles, with thinkers such as Plato, Sartre, and Nietzsche associating it with ignorance, despair, and the search for meaning. The objective is to examine the similarities and differences between the philosophical, astronomical, and theological perspectives on falling. The research adopts a qualitative methodology involving a thematic analysis of religious texts, scientific literature, and philosophical works. The findings reveal that while religious perspectives focus on the moral and spiritual aspects of falling, astronomical explanations offer a scientific understanding based on physical laws, and philosophical views use falling as a metaphor for human existential challenges. The study concludes a varied consideration of falling by providing insights from multiple intellectual traditions. The study recommends fostering interdisciplinary research to explore these views further, integrating spiritual and scientific perspectives, and promoting public education that bridges religious and scientific interpretations.
Impact of Conflict on Secondary School Education in Jos Jarawa Community of Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria Shittu Lukman Olayinka; Muhammad Ridwan
Matondang Journal Vol 4 No 1 (2025): Màtondàng Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/matondang.v4i1.1252

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of conflict on secondary school education in Jos Jarawa community of Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The study was guided by three objectives and three corresponding research questions were also answered in the study. The study adopted a mixed-method approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative research designs. The research population included two public secondary schools, comprising 25 teachers and 315 students, from which 22 participants (2 teachers and 20 students) were purposively sampled for their direct experience with the conflict. The interviews provided in-depth qualitative insights, while the questionnaires captured structured quantitative data on educational resource availability and adequacy during and after the conflict. Experts validated the instruments to ensure content accuracy, and their reliability was tested using Cronbach's Alpha and KR-21 methods. Data collection was conducted in person, with questionnaire distribution and face-to-face interviews. The analysis of questionnaire data employed descriptive statistics through SPSS, while interview responses were transcribed and thematically analysed using NVivo software. The study revealed that, conflict significantly disrupts students’ academic performance by distorting the academic calendar, causing psychological trauma, and increasing school dropouts and also undermines the roles and productivity of teachers. It disrupts teaching schedules, increases their workload among others. The study recommended among other things that, teachers should be provided with continuous professional development opportunities, especially in conflict-sensitive education methods and Schools in conflict-affected areas should implement psychosocial support programmes for both students and teachers to help mitigate the trauma and psychological distress caused by conflict among others.
The menace of get rich quick syndrome among some Nigerian Youths: Changing the narrative through Social Studies Education Bright Kelechi Uzoji; Muhammad Ridwan
Matondang Journal Vol 4 No 2 (2025): Màtondàng Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/matondang.v4i2.1349

Abstract

The desire to get rich quick and live a lavished life style among Nigerian youths is becoming an issue of great concern. Today, the Nigerian youth who is supposed to be a beacon of hope is engaged in all manner of fraudulent activities with its negative consequences just to make ends meet. Thus, this paper identifies major types of ‘get rich quick’ schemes among Nigerian youths, highlights factors responsible for this ugly trend, it also discusses the rationale for mitigating the menace of ‘get- rick- quick’ syndrome through social studies education and the role of social studies education in curbing this nefarious activity. The paper concludes by proffering recommendations that would help reduce the incidences of ‘get- rich- quick’ syndrome; social studies as a corrective subject should continue to emphasize and advocate for the dignity of labour, there is a dire need for national reorientation of the Nigerian youth such that ethical values of honest living and hard-work are promoted.
Influence of School Environment on Senior Secondary School History Students’ Academic Performance in In Jos South Lga of Plateau State, Nigeria Shittu Lukman Olayinka; Muhammad Ridwan
Matondang Journal Vol 4 No 2 (2025): Màtondàng Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/matondang.v4i2.1374

Abstract

This study investigated influence of school environment on senior secondary school history students’ academic performance in in Jos south LGA of Plateau State, Nigeria. The study formulated one aim and four specific objectives. In line with these objectives the study raised and answered four corresponding research questions. Two null hypotheses were also tested at 0.05 level of significance. Extensive literature was reviewed concerning the variables and issues in the study. Empirical studies were also reviewed and gaps in literature were identified. The study adopted a survey research design specifically cross-sectional survey research design. The study population consisted of 521 SS II history students across the 20 public schools in Jos South LGA for 2025 academic year. From the population a sample of 100 students were selected from 10 schools using simple random sampling technique. To generate data for the study the researcher used a structured questionnaire also referred to as close ended questionnaire. The questionnaire was titled Influence of school environment on academic performance of SS II History students in in Jos South” (ISEAPSH). Content validity was established by experts and reliability was determine at 0.71 using Cronbach Alpha method for internal consistency. Direct method of data collection was established and data collected was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed among other things that, types of Learning Environments Available: The study identified that students have access to varying forms of learning environments, which include physical infrastructure, classroom size, access to educational resources like libraries and ICT tools, and teacher-student interactions among others. The study concluded that school environment has significant influence on academic performance of History students in Jos South LGA. The study recommended among other things that, government and school proprietors should invest in classroom infrastructure, ensuring adequate space, proper seating, ventilation, and lighting.
Communication Discourse on Population Policy Dynamics and Development in Nigeria Ibrahim Abdulkadir; Yoserizal saragih; Muhammad Ridwan
Matondang Journal Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Màtondàng Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/matondang.v5i1.1428

Abstract

This paper examines the dynamics of population policy and its implications for national development in Nigeria from a communication perspective. Nigeria’s rapid population growth, youthful demographic structure, and persistent socio-economic challenges have made population policy a critical development concern. The paper discusses how communication processes shape the formulation, interpretation, and implementation of population policies, as well as public understanding and acceptance of policy objectives such as fertility regulation, reproductive health, family planning, and sustainable development. Drawing on policy documents, existing literature, and communication-for-development frameworks, the paper analyses the roles of government agencies, the media, civil society organisations, religious and traditional institutions, and development partners in population policy discourse. The paper argues that the technocrat elite accepted the policy largely on its own merits, national leaders negotiated the policy by it facilitated state-society relations, deflected blame for economic woes, and representatives of social and religious groups rejected the policy. Many wonder why Nigeria, a country in which population was highly politicized, adopted a policy aiming to limit fertility. Further, some groups tend to see prestige and strength in large numbers and suspect that western warnings about high growth rates are an imperialist conspiracy to keep them undeveloped. The paper points that population policy success in Nigeria is not only a matter of demographic targets but also of effective, culturally sensitive, and inclusive communication strategies that align population goals with citizens’ lived realities. It concludes that strengthening evidence-based communication, media advocacy, and stakeholder collaboration is essential for aligning population policy with sustainable development objectives in Nigeria.
The Heavens Declare: A Journey through the Seven Skies of Scripture and Science Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Matondang Journal Vol 5 No 2 (2026): Màtondàng Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The notion of the seven heavens (ሰባቱ ሰማያት; al-samāwāt al-sabʿ), articulated in Ethiopian Orthodox, biblical, and Islamic traditions, has often been dismissed as prescientific cosmology incompatible with contemporary astrophysics. Such critiques, however, overlook the theological depth and symbolic intentionality embedded within these cosmological visions. Rather than functioning as empirical blueprints of the universe, the seven heavens operate as structured metaphysical frameworks that articulate transcendence, divine sovereignty, and graded ontological reality. This study contends that the seven heavens should be interpreted as a theological architecture rather than a failed scientific hypothesis. Through comparative textual analysis of the Ethiopian Book of Enoch, Pauline references to the “third heaven,” and Qur’anic descriptions of layered heavens, the research demonstrates that each tradition employs vertical cosmology to express divine proximity, moral hierarchy, and spiritual ascent. A hermeneutical engagement with atmospheric science, astronomy, and cosmology further reveals structural correspondences between ancient symbolic stratification and the layered organization of the observable universe, including atmospheric divisions, galactic hierarchies, and large-scale cosmic structures. To conceptualize this relationship, the study introduces the term cognitive resonance, distinguishing meaningful structural parallelism from simplistic concordism. The findings indicate that ancient cosmologies and modern scientific models share analogous patterns of order and scale without implying literal equivalence. Consequently, the heavens function as theological symbols within scripture and as physical realities within science, representing complementary epistemic domains.
The Eighth Day and the 49 Year Cycle: Unlocking the Mystery of Numbers in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Matondang Journal Vol 5 No 2 (2026): Màtondàng Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC) preserves a rich but largely unstudied tradition of numerical symbolism. This article provides the first systematic analysis of two interconnected numbers at the heart of that tradition: the Eighth Day (number 8) as a symbol of resurrection and new creation, and the 49‑Year Cycle as a framework for sacred time rooted in biblical Jubilee theology. Drawing on patristic sources preserved in Ge’ez, liturgical texts (including anaphoras and the Mawas‘et), the canonical Book of Jubilees, and the distinctive Ge’ez numeral system, the article argues that these two numbers together reveal a coherent theological system – a cruciform temporality in which the 49‑year cycle provides the horizontal structure for sacred time while the Eighth Day introduces the vertical irruption of eternity. This synthesis shapes Ethiopian Orthodox worship, baptismal practice, calendar computation, and eschatological hope. The article also surveys other sacred numbers (3, 7, 12, 13, 40, 318, 777), identifies critical research gaps (lack of primary source engagement, under‑exploration of Ge’ez gematria, conflation of official and popular practice), and proposes an interdisciplinary research agenda. The Ethiopian Orthodox numerical tradition offers a distinctive and underexplored contribution to global Christian theology, deserving of further philological, archaeological, comparative, ethnographic, and computational study.
Review of Factors Influencing Efficient Utilization of Fly-overs and Express Roads in Africa Godfrey Alinaitwe; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 4 No 2 (2024): Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (May
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/economit.v4i2.1148

Abstract

The efficient utilization of fly-overs and express roads in Africa is pivotal for enhancing transportation networks, alleviating congestion, and driving economic development. This review paper examines the factors influencing the utilization of these infrastructures across the continent from 2010 to 2024. By synthesizing findings from various empirical studies, the paper identifies key factors such as economic conditions, urbanization, policy frameworks, and technological advancements that impact the effectiveness of fly-overs and express roads. The study reveals that suboptimal design, inadequate maintenance, economic constraints, and governance issues are major challenges faced by many African countries. These factors often lead to underutilized infrastructures, which do not fully meet the needs of the population. The paper highlights the importance of addressing these challenges through comprehensive urban planning, policy development, and technological integration. Recommendations include enhancing economic stability, strengthening governance, improving urban planning strategies, and investing in smart transportation technologies. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to improve infrastructure projects and contribute to sustainable economic growth in Africa. Future research should delve into case studies and the impact of emerging technologies on infrastructure efficiency to offer more nuanced perspectives. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on infrastructure management and urban planning, emphasizing the need for coordinated efforts to optimize the utilization of fly-overs and express roads.
Human Capital, Brain Drain Syndrome and Its Implication on Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria: A Study of Lagos State (2015-2023) Olayinka Babatunde Adebogun; Obodoeze Chekwube Josephine; Tunmise Daramola; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 4 No 4 (2024): Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (November)
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/economit.v4i4.1156

Abstract

This study discusses the importance of investing in human capital for a nation's socio-economic development. It highlights how human resources are more critical to a country's growth than natural resources or physical capital. It is an asset that contributes to economic stability, growth, and worldwide recognition. Nigeria, with its abundant human and natural resources, has the potential for sustained economic progress. However, the country also experiences various forms of international migration, with many Nigerians migrating to other countries for education and work opportunities. The Diaspora community comprises a significant number of skilled professionals that contribute to the growth and development of their host countries. The objective of the study is to examine the nature and causes of the migration of human capital, and brain drain in Nigeria. The study adopts the push-pull theory that was propounded in 1966 by Everett Spurgeon Lee. Also, data was collected using qualitative method and 11 interviewees were interviewed while data were also collected from secondary sources. The result of the study reveals that the government's neglect of human capital investment has reduced economic growth and caused citizens to seek opportunities abroad. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for investment in human capital development through employment, training, healthcare, infrastructural development and technological advancement to eradicate brain drain and foster a more inclusive society. This study recommends the diversification of its economy, reduce corruption and invest in human capital development.
Digital Disruptions in the Nigerian Postal Industry: NIPOST`s Customers` perception on its Operations in Ughelli, Delta State Jammy Seigha Guanah; Loveth Okowa-Nwaebi; Oke Edward Edherue; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 4 No 4 (2024): Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (November)
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/economit.v4i4.1205

Abstract

This paper provided an in-depth analysis of the impact of digital disruption on the Nigerian Postal Industry, with a particular focus on the Nigerian Postal Service (NIPOST). Over the past few years, the advent of digital technology has significantly transformed the way the postal industry operates; this has disrupted traditional postal services, leading to a decline in demand for traditional postal services worldwide. Against this backdrop, this paper aimed at: determining the frequency of respondents` patronage of NIPOST`s services; examining the extent to which modern technologies have disrupted and impacted the traditional activities of NIPOST, and investigating the pace at which NIPOST has been adopting digital technologies. This study was anchored on the Diffusion of Innovations theory. The researchers employed a descriptive survey approach. The population of the study is the 1,100 Post Office box owners and operators in Ughelli, Delta State, Nigeria. A sample size of 285 was drawn from the population through the use of the Australian calculator for the determination of sample size. Questionnaire was utilised as the instrument for data collection. The findings revealed that respondents rarely patronise NIPOST`s for services. Also, findings indicated that NIPOST has been significantly affected by digital disruption, and that NIPOST has been slow in adopting digital technologies. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended, among others, that Nigerians should massively patronise NIPOSTs services so as to keep the postal industry afloat. Likewise, NIPOST should speedily leverage digital innovations to enhance its operations and services, so as to improve customer satisfaction.
Co-Authors Abdurahman Adisaputera Abraham Edeh Adebogun Babatunde Olayinka Aduloju Doyinsola Akhimien Emmanuel Alice Blessing Ogundiya Alikor Queen Nneka Aliyah Balogun-Ibijunle Amaka Yvonne Okafor Ambwa Lokula Junior Amédée Gbatea Kundana Amédée Kundana Gbatea Ange Thijenira Loketo Arifulhak Aceh Armand Endowa Doikasiye Aurel Vlad Aymard Papy Bembiade Babatunde Covenant Olugbenga Barsha Biswal Belay Sitotaw Goshu Belay Sitotaw Goshu Belay Sitotaw Goshu Belay Sitotaw Goshu Belay Sitotaw Goshu Journal Bembi Bosso Benjamin Zoawe Gbolo Benjamin Zoawe Gbolo Bikila Merga Deresa Bikram Biswas Bondombe Gorges-Willy Bright Kelechi Uzoji Briki C. Kakesa Charles K. Moywaywa Clarisse Falanga Mawi Colette Masengo Ashande Colette Masengo Ashande Damas Boboy Manzongo Damien Sha Tshibey Tshibangu Deborah Adedeji Dike Harcourt White Dorothée Tshilanda Dinangayi Duol Dak Maluel Ekpali Joseph Saint Eliane Griep Gomes Bitencourt Emmanuel Blessing Oyiza Emmanuel Kitete Mulongo Emmanuel Moke Lengbiye Eric Msughter Aondover Eser Demir Falguni Roy Ferdi T. Güçyetmez Florin Skutnik Francis Mosala Gabriel Lola Oriloye Gédéon Ngiala Bongo Gédéon Ngiala Bongo Godfrey Alinaitwe Hadiza Abubakar Ahmad Hauwa Kawo Mohammed Hossein Shahri Ibrahim Abdulkadir Idikodingo Anzinzoniwa Faustin Jacqueline Kangu Kobe Jacquie Kangu Kobe Jammy Seigha Guanah Javaid Ahmad Andrabi JB Zanyako Bosanza Jeff Iteku Bekomo John Likolo Baya Jonas Mbaya Kusagba Jonas Nagahuedi Mbongu Sodi Josiah Adewale Apalowo Josiah Adewale Apalowo Joy Collins-Dike JP Mokombe Magbukudua Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Lettiah Gumbo Litucha Bakokola Joseph Loveth Okowa-Nwaebi M. Yoserizal Saragih Majeed Mohamed Fareed Majeed Marcus Garvey ORJI Marcus Garvey Orji Mark Angelo C. Reotutar Masengo Ashande Colette Masens Da-Musa Y.B. Mauricio Bueno da Rosa Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal Mihai Pichler Modeste Ndaba Modeawi Modeste Ndaba Modeawi Moein Mirani Ahangar Kolaei Mohammad Nur Ullah Mohammad Taghi Sheykhi Molongo Mokondande Médard Molongo Mokondande Médard Monde-Te-Kazangba Godefroid Monye I. Florence Mostafa Toranji Muhammad Danjuma Abubakar Navaneeta Rath Ngalakpa Héritier Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa Jean-Paul Njoku C. Justice Norie T. Tactay Nweke Pearl Iheoma Obodoeze Chekwube Josephine Ojetola Adetola Afolabi Oke Edward Edherue Okungo Lotokola Albert Olayinka Babatunde Adebogun Ololade Olatunji Ololade Olatunji Lateef Olusola Oladapo Makinde Omolara Akin-Odukoya Omolara Akin-Odukoya Omolara Oluwabusayo Akin-Odukoya Omotola Ogunbola Omotola Ogunbola Onaopepo Ibrahim Bamidele Paulos Manedo Hafebo Perpetua Ogechi Vitalis Philippe Ebuma Dongo Pius T. Mpiana Placide Makwa Mbulola Precious Awosanya Oreoluwa Precious Dube Ramlan Richard N. Amadi Robijaona Rahelivololoniaina Baholy Rokeeb Tunde Afeez Ruphin Djolu Djoza Ruphin Djolu Djoza Sajib Kumar Roy Shittu Lukman Olayinka Solomon Zerihun Songbo Kwedugbu Médard Subulola Etimiri Supper Roland Okijie Sylvester Ojenagbon Tadashi Adino Taffouo Victor Désiré Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem Tolga Constantinou Toyosi Khadijat Owoyale Tunmise Daramola Ubong Edem Effiong Uzoji Bright Kelechi Vladimir Valentinovich Kozhevnikov Vladimir Valentinovich Kozhevnikov Zubair Shaib Bashir