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All Journal Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial SIASAT Journal Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education Journal (Birle Journal) Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx Journal) Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal (BIoEx Journal) Rowter Journal Matondang Journal Economit Journal Polit Journal LingLit Journal Lakhomi Journal
Muhammad Ridwan
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Methodological Principles of Knowledge of the State and Law Vladimir Valentinovich Kozhevnikov; Muhammad Ridwan
Polit Journal Scientific Journal of Politics Vol 5 No 3 (2025): Polit Journal: Scientific Journal of Politics, August
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/polit.v5i3.1335

Abstract

This scientific article is devoted to the problems of methodological principles of knowledge of the state and law. In particular, the question of whether they are elements of the methodology of knowledge of state and legal phenomena is considered. Particular attention is paid to one of these principles, such as objectivity. Examples from domestic legislation that do not correspond to it are demonstrated.
Procedural Legal Responsibility: A New Reading Vladimir Valentinovich Kozhevnikov; Muhammad Ridwan
Polit Journal Scientific Journal of Politics Vol 5 No 3 (2025): Polit Journal: Scientific Journal of Politics, August
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/polit.v5i3.1341

Abstract

Paying attention to various options for understanding legal liability, the position in which legal liability is interpreted as the application of measures of state coercion is recognized as more preferable. Among its features, special attention is paid to such a feature, according to which it entails negative consequences, the imposition of new additional obligations on offenders. This feature should be especially taken into account when differentiating measures of legal (criminal procedural) liability and protective measures (restorative criminal procedural measures). Procedural legal liability is considered as a complex (integrated) legal institution consisting of norms of both branches of procedural and substantive law. In turn, criminal procedural liability, using specific legal norms as an example, is analyzed as a sub-institute of procedural liability. The purpose of this study was to form the author's understanding of criminal procedural liability. The hypothesis is the statement of the fact that in most cases procedural liability is unreasonably understood as one of the types of legal liability
Features of Judicial Law-Making in the Russian Federation and Its Acts: General Theoretical Aspect Vladimir Valentinovich Kozhevnikov; Muhammad Ridwan
Polit Journal Scientific Journal of Politics Vol 5 No 4 (2025): Polit Journal: Scientific Journal of Politics, November
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/polit.v5i4.1382

Abstract

The scientific article analyzes various features of judicial law-making from the perspective of its supporters, as well as the objective and subjective reasons for its occurrence in the Russian Federation. In the context of this article, the controversial issue of acts of judicial lawmaking is considered. Particular attention is focused on the concept and features of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.
Corruption Factors and Discretion of the Law Enforcement Agency Vladimir Valentinovich Kozhevnikov; Muhammad Ridwan
Polit Journal Scientific Journal of Politics Vol 5 No 4 (2025): Polit Journal: Scientific Journal of Politics, November
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/polit.v5i4.1402

Abstract

The article analyzes the corruption-generating factors enshrined in official legal documents—the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Anti-Corruption Expertise of Regulatory Legal Acts and Draft Regulatory Legal Acts" dated June 17, 2009, and the Methodology for Conducting Anti-Corruption Expertise of Regulatory Legal Acts and Draft Regulatory Legal Acts" approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 26, 2010. Particular attention is paid to such a corruption-generating factor as the wide margin of discretion (breadth of discretionary powers) of the law enforcement agency. In this regard, the discretion of the subjects of the law enforcement process is analyzed, the necessity, significance, as well as both subjective and objective limits of it are argued. With regard to the former, it is substantiated that the latter should be considered not as the legal consciousness or professional culture of the subjects of law enforcement, but their professional culture. Objective limits are determined by optional legal norms containing evaluative concepts. As an example, several provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation are cited, which necessarily presuppose the discretion of law enforcement agencies in the law enforcement sphere.
Modeling Conflict Resolution in Ethiopian Social Networks (2015–2025): A Statistical Physics Approach to Stability and Equilibrium Dynamics Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Polit Journal Scientific Journal of Politics Vol 5 No 4 (2025): Polit Journal: Scientific Journal of Politics, November
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/polit.v5i4.1430

Abstract

Ethiopia’s social networks from 2015 to 2025 have been marked by ethnic tensions and conflict, necessitating strategies to enhance stability and cohesion. This study aims to identify key factors influencing stability in Ethiopian social networks and propose data-driven strategies for conflict resolution. A small-world network with 100 nodes was simulated using the Ising model at (T = 0.5), with sensitivity analysis varying rewiring probabilities (p = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) and external influence (h = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3) over 5000 iterations. Simulated empirical data included influence scores and edge weights, reflecting real-world dynamics. High clustering (0.45 at (p = 0.05) correlated with stability, while high (h) (0.3) reduced stability by 12%. Clustering-magnetization correlations ranged from 0.8016 (h = 0.0) to -0.9665 (h = 0.3), and betweenness-magnetization correlations shifted from 0.4639 to -0.7603, highlighting external influence’s disruptive effect. Clustering drives stability, but excessive external influence undermines it, as seen in Ethiopia’s conflict patterns. Policymakers should strengthen local networks and minimize external interventions to enhance cohesion.
Suffix Variations in Verbal Constructions of Dialects in Oyi Local Government Area, Anambra State Amaka Yvonne Okafor; Muhammad Ridwan
LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature Vol 5 No 2 (2024): Linglit Journal: Scientific Journal of Linguistics and Literature, June
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/linglit.v5i2.1150

Abstract

This study investigates the linguistic landscape of Oyi Local Government Area in Anambra State, Nigeria, focusing on suffix variations in verbal constructions across its diverse dialects. The research documents and analyzes how suffixes are used in past tense, future tense, perfective aspect, and negation constructions in the dialects spoken in Awkuzu, Nteje, Ogbunike, Nkwelle Ezunaka, and Umunya. A descriptive and comparative linguistic approach was employed, involving fieldwork and structured interviews with native speakers from these towns. The data collected were transcribed and analyzed using phonological and morphological frameworks to identify patterns and variations. Through a detailed analysis, it was found that past tense constructions generally featured a common prefix and root verb across most towns, with Umunya notably employing a distinct suffix pattern. Future tense constructions relied heavily on auxiliary verbs, with towns like Awkuzu and Ogbunike using ‘ga-’ while Nkwelle Ezunaka utilized ‘na-’. In perfective constructions, a consistent suffix was observed, but root verbs and immediate suffixes varied slightly, as seen with Nkwelle Ezunaka’s use of ‘je-ve’ compared to others using ‘je-be’. Negation constructions revealed the most diversity, with Awkuzu and Nteje using the standard suffix ‘-ghi’, while Umunya, Ogbunike, and Nkwelle Ezunaka employed distinct negation markers like ‘-ra’, ‘-rϙ’, and ‘-zi’, respectively. These findings highlight the rich linguistic diversity within the region and underscore the importance of documenting and preserving these dialectal variations.
Satire and Socio-Political Critique in Wole Soyinka's Opera Wonyosi: A Study of Corruption and Military Mal-Administration in Post-Colonial Nigeria Alice Blessing Ogundiya; Muhammad Ridwan
LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature Vol 5 No 2 (2024): Linglit Journal: Scientific Journal of Linguistics and Literature, June
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/linglit.v5i2.1153

Abstract

This research examines Wole Soyinka's play Opera Wonyosi through the lens of postcolonial theory, focusing on themes of corruption and military mal-administration in post-independence Nigeria. Adopting a qualitative research methodology, this study employs content analysis to evaluate the play’s narrative structure, character development, and satirical elements. Ania Loomba's postcolonial theory serves as the theoretical framework, providing a nuanced understanding of the socio-political critique embedded in the text. By analyzing the enduring impact of colonial power structures and the dynamics of authority in postcolonial societies, the research uncovers the ways in which Soyinka critiques the pervasive corruption and moral decay perpetuated by military regimes. The study also explores the complexities of identity and resistance as depicted through the play’s characters, particularly highlighting how postcolonial identities are shaped by both indigenous and colonial influences. Through Soyinka’s sharp satire, the research underscores the grotesque alliance between political leaders and organized crime, illustrating the systemic dysfunction and social decay that ensue. The findings reveal that Opera Wonyosi not only mirrors the socio-political realities of Nigeria but also resonates with broader postcolonial struggles against oppression and injustice. Ultimately, this study contributes to the understanding of Soyinka’s work as a powerful cultural critique and a call for social reform, reinforcing its significance within the canon of postcolonial literature.
Citizenship Education as a Vehicle for Nation Building: Perspective of Nigeria Citizens Shittu Lukman Olayinka; Muhammad Ridwan
LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature Vol 5 No 3 (2024): Linglit Journal: Scientific Journal of Linguistics and Literature, September
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/linglit.v5i3.1167

Abstract

This study investigated the role of citizenship education as a vehicle for nation building: perspective of Nigeria citizens. The study was guided by four objectives and also answered four research questions. The study used social constructivist theory propounded by Lev Vygotsky in the mid 20th century. The study employed a cross-sectional survey research design targeting Nigerian citizens, including students, civil servants, public servants, policymakers, business people, parents, politicians, and traditional rulers. A sample of 400 respondents was selected through stratified sampling to enhance representativeness, precision, and reliability, particularly for studies on citizenship education and nation-building. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher, comprising demographic questions (Section A) and 30 items under four subheadings on a four-point Likert scale (Section B). Content validity was ensured through expert review, and reliability was confirmed via split-half method, yielding a reliability coefficient of 0.87. Data collection was conducted online via Google Forms, and analysis was performed using descriptive statistics through mean and standard deviation computed in SPSS version 25.0. The analysis revealed that citizens have various and varying perception towards nation building and the study also identify corruption, tribalism, political instability, ethnic sentiments, and religious conflict as significant challenges to nation-building in Nigeria among others. The study recommended among other things that, Nigerian government and educational institutions intensify efforts to integrate comprehensive citizenship education into all levels of the educational curriculum. And the curriculum should emphasize national unity, democratic values, and the importance of inclusiveness in governance.
Naming the Days: The Influence of Ancient Astronomy on Modern Religious and Cultural Practices Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature Vol 5 No 3 (2024): Linglit Journal: Scientific Journal of Linguistics and Literature, September
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/linglit.v5i3.1168

Abstract

A rich interplay of astronomy, religion, and mythology is reflected in the naming of days across cultures, providing insights into how societies organized time and perceived the universe. This study focuses on Ethiopia's distinctive calendar and religious influence while examining the cultural importance of weekday naming customs in other countries. The goal is to scrutinize how astronomical observations and antiquated customs from Mesopotamia, Egypt, Asia, and Ethiopia combine to influence modern timekeeping. This study tracks the development of day-naming customs throughout multiple civilizations by analyzing historical documents, linguistic trends, and religious writings using a comparative cultural analysis approach. The findings demonstrate that while many cultures, including Ethiopians, name their days after solar or lunar events, religious beliefs also play a major role, particularly in Ethiopian Orthodox Christian traditions. Day naming is a valuable tool for tracking time and a representation of cultural identity, according to the study, which finds that day name is heavily influenced by mythology and religion. It is suggested that conventional timekeeping methods be preserved via digital preservation and teaching and that interdisciplinary study be encouraged to delve deeper into these relationships.
Grammatical Tone Pattern in Ùhànmì Rokeeb Tunde Afeez; Muhammad Ridwan
LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature Vol 5 No 4 (2024): Linglit Journal: Scientific Journal of Linguistics and Literature, December
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/linglit.v5i4.1322

Abstract

This study explores the grammatical tone pattern in Ùhànmì, a speech form that belongs to a sub-group of Edoid language family spoken in Ìṣùà-Àkókó of Òǹdó State, Nigeria. The study employs qualitative research method. Data collection was carried out using Ibadan 400 word- list, and was also modified to include sentences in the speech form. The data was sourced from native speakers of the language whose ages range between 50 and 70. The informants were asked questions and their responses in the speech form were recorded, translated and transcribed for accuracy. The study adopts the framework of autosegmental-phonology for its analysis. In the study, specific areas are examined with a view to shed light on the tone system of the speech form. The areas that are investigated include the basic tones in the speech form, functions of tone, and tonal processes in the speech form. Findings from the study demonstrate that Ùhànmì operates four basic tone levels; these are high, mid, low and falling tones. Tone is a unique feature in Ùhànmì, quite distinct from segmental feature. The study reveals that these tones distinguish meaning of segmentally identical words. The study also shows that tones play a distinctive grammatical function in present and past tense. Tonal processes such as tone simplification, tone raising, tone elision, and tone polarization are observed in the speech form. The research is motivated by the need to prevent the speech form from extinction. The study also stems from the missing gap in the knowledge as there is a paucity of publication on the speech form. The research contributes to knowledge in the field of phonology.
Co-Authors Abdurahman Adisaputera Abraham Edeh Adebogun Babatunde Olayinka Aduloju Doyinsola Akhimien Emmanuel Alice Blessing Ogundiya Alikor Queen Nneka Aliyah Balogun-Ibijunle Amaka Yvonne Okafor Ambwa Lokula Junior Amédée Gbatea Kundana Amédée Kundana Gbatea Ange Thijenira Loketo Arifulhak Aceh Armand Endowa Doikasiye Aurel Vlad Aymard Papy Bembiade Babatunde Covenant Olugbenga Barsha Biswal Belay Sitotaw Goshu Belay Sitotaw Goshu Belay Sitotaw Goshu Belay Sitotaw Goshu Belay Sitotaw Goshu Journal Bembi Bosso Benjamin Zoawe Gbolo Benjamin Zoawe Gbolo Bikila Merga Deresa Bikram Biswas Bondombe Gorges-Willy Bright Kelechi Uzoji Briki C. Kakesa Charles K. Moywaywa Clarisse Falanga Mawi Colette Masengo Ashande Colette Masengo Ashande Damas Boboy Manzongo Damien Sha Tshibey Tshibangu Deborah Adedeji Dike Harcourt White Dorothée Tshilanda Dinangayi Duol Dak Maluel Ekpali Joseph Saint Eliane Griep Gomes Bitencourt Emmanuel Blessing Oyiza Emmanuel Kitete Mulongo Emmanuel Moke Lengbiye Eric Msughter Aondover Eser Demir Falguni Roy Ferdi T. Güçyetmez Florin Skutnik Francis Mosala Gabriel Lola Oriloye Gédéon Ngiala Bongo Gédéon Ngiala Bongo Godfrey Alinaitwe Hadiza Abubakar Ahmad Hauwa Kawo Mohammed Hossein Shahri Ibrahim Abdulkadir Idikodingo Anzinzoniwa Faustin Jacqueline Kangu Kobe Jacquie Kangu Kobe Jammy Seigha Guanah Javaid Ahmad Andrabi JB Zanyako Bosanza Jeff Iteku Bekomo John Likolo Baya Jonas Mbaya Kusagba Jonas Nagahuedi Mbongu Sodi Josiah Adewale Apalowo Josiah Adewale Apalowo Joy Collins-Dike JP Mokombe Magbukudua Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Lettiah Gumbo Litucha Bakokola Joseph Loveth Okowa-Nwaebi M. Yoserizal Saragih Majeed Mohamed Fareed Majeed Marcus Garvey ORJI Marcus Garvey Orji Mark Angelo C. Reotutar Masengo Ashande Colette Masens Da-Musa Y.B. Mauricio Bueno da Rosa Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal Mihai Pichler Modeste Ndaba Modeawi Modeste Ndaba Modeawi Moein Mirani Ahangar Kolaei Mohammad Nur Ullah Mohammad Taghi Sheykhi Molongo Mokondande Médard Molongo Mokondande Médard Monde-Te-Kazangba Godefroid Monye I. Florence Mostafa Toranji Muhammad Danjuma Abubakar Navaneeta Rath Ngalakpa Héritier Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa Jean-Paul Njoku C. Justice Norie T. Tactay Nweke Pearl Iheoma Obodoeze Chekwube Josephine Ojetola Adetola Afolabi Oke Edward Edherue Okungo Lotokola Albert Olayinka Babatunde Adebogun Ololade Olatunji Ololade Olatunji Lateef Olusola Oladapo Makinde Omolara Akin-Odukoya Omolara Akin-Odukoya Omolara Oluwabusayo Akin-Odukoya Omotola Ogunbola Omotola Ogunbola Onaopepo Ibrahim Bamidele Paulos Manedo Hafebo Perpetua Ogechi Vitalis Philippe Ebuma Dongo Pius T. Mpiana Placide Makwa Mbulola Precious Awosanya Oreoluwa Precious Dube Ramlan Richard N. Amadi Robijaona Rahelivololoniaina Baholy Rokeeb Tunde Afeez Ruphin Djolu Djoza Ruphin Djolu Djoza Sajib Kumar Roy Shittu Lukman Olayinka Solomon Zerihun Songbo Kwedugbu Médard Subulola Etimiri Supper Roland Okijie Sylvester Ojenagbon Tadashi Adino Taffouo Victor Désiré Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem Tolga Constantinou Toyosi Khadijat Owoyale Tunmise Daramola Ubong Edem Effiong Uzoji Bright Kelechi Vladimir Valentinovich Kozhevnikov Vladimir Valentinovich Kozhevnikov Zubair Shaib Bashir