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PENERAPAN KEADILAN RESTORATIF DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KEPEMILIKAN SATWA LANGKA YANG DILINDUNGI DI INDONESIA I Nyoman Gede Putrawan; Kristiawanto Kristiawanto; Basuki Basuki
CORPUS JURIS : JURNAL ILMU HUKUM Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): CORPUS JURIS : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, April 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/corpusjuris.v2i1.2426

Abstract

This study aims to provide a juridical analysis of the ownership of protected wildlife by members of the public and to examine relevant law enforcement approaches, including the potential application of restorative justice. The issues addressed focus on the legal construction governing the ownership of protected wildlife, the formulation of criminal liability under statutory regulations, and the manner in which law enforcement may be implemented proportionally without undermining conservation objectives.The research employs a normative legal method using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a systematic approach. The primary legal materials include the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, particularly Article 33 paragraph (3), Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya as amended by Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2024, as well as implementing regulations such as Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 7 Tahun 1999 tentang Pengawetan Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa and Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemanfaatan Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa Liar. The study also considers Indonesia’s international commitments within the framework of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The findings indicate that protected wildlife falls under the regime of state control based on the principle of the state’s right to control natural resources as stipulated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the Constitution. Unauthorized ownership of protected wildlife constitutes a formal criminal offense, which is deemed complete at the moment a person possesses or maintains protected species without lawful authorization, without the need to prove concrete ecological damage. Socio-cultural reasons, tradition, or ignorance of the law do not qualify as justifications or excuses under Indonesian criminal law. From an environmental law perspective, illegal ownership contradicts the precautionary principle and the principle of sustainable development, as it has the potential to disrupt ecosystem balance and accelerate species extinction. Nevertheless, in practical law enforcement, the principle of proportionality must be applied by distinguishing between offenders involved in organized illegal wildlife trade networks and non-commercial individual offenders. Under certain circumstances, restorative justice may be considered as an alternative resolution, provided that ecological restoration is ensured and conservation objectives are not weakened. This study concludes that unauthorized ownership of protected wildlife by the public constitutes an unlawful act and must be regarded as a threat to the sustainability of national biodiversity. Firm, proportionate, and integrated law enforcement, combined with preventive approaches, is essential to achieving effective wildlife protection.
KEPASTIAN HUKUM PENERAPAN INDEPENDENT CRIME PADA TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA INDONESIA Mohammad Solihin; Tofik Yanuar Chandra; Kristiawanto Kristiawanto
CORPUS JURIS : JURNAL ILMU HUKUM Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): CORPUS JURIS : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/corpusjuris.v2i2.2883

Abstract

Article 69 of Law No. 8 of 2010 on the Prevention and Eradication of money laundering is a norm that applies as a positive law in Indonesia which states that in order to be able to conduct investigations, prosecutions, and examinations in court hearings against money laundering crimes, it is not mandatory to prove the origin of the criminal offense first. The formulation of the problem in this thesis is how the application of independent crime on money laundering in the Indonesian criminal justice system ? How is the legal certainty of the application of independent crime to money laundering in the Indonesian criminal justice system ?  The research method used is normative juridical with the approach of legislation, conceptual, case and comparison. Data were obtained from primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. And analyzed by the method of legal certainty and law enforcement. This study focuses on the analysis of legal norms that regulate the context between the position of money laundering as a follow-up crime and as an independent crime.  This research will refer more to literature review,legislation, and relevant literature to gain a deep understanding of money laundering. The result of this study is the possibility of proving the crime of money laundering by not first proving the origin of the crime of money laundering. Non-material criminal acts of their own origin at least include, but are not limited to: (a) passive money laundering perpetrators (article 607 paragraph (1) letter c of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code); (b) Uitloker or medeplechtigheid perpetrators of money laundering who are not involved with the original criminal offense ((article 607 paragraph (1) letter A of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code in conjunction with Article 20 or in conjunction with Article 21 of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code); or (c) Third Party Money Laundering perpetrators. Furthermore, the non-materiele dader of the original crime is processed by law in accordance with the rules in the instrument Article 69 of Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of money laundering, can be caused by: (a) the perpetrator of the materiale Dader of the original crime has the status of a search list of people; or (b) the case file between the materiale Dader of the original crime and the non-materiale dader of the original crime is separated (splitshing) by a concurrent/almost simultaneous legal process.
IDE DASAR SISTEM PENUNTUTAN TUNGGAL (SINGLE PROSECUTION SYSTEM) OLEH JAKSA SEBAGAI PENUNTUT UMUM DALAM SISTEM PERADIALAN PIDANA TERINTEGRASI Dhimas Anthony Muslim; Maryano Maryano; Kristiawanto Kristiawanto
CORPUS JURIS : JURNAL ILMU HUKUM Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): CORPUS JURIS : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/corpusjuris.v2i2.2905

Abstract

This thesis examines the fundamental concept of the Single Prosecution System implemented by public prosecutors within Indonesia's integrated criminal justice system. The study focuses on the position of the Public Prosecution Service (Kejaksaan) as the dominus litis in the prosecution process and the urgency of integrating the criminal justice system to achieve effectiveness, legal certainty, and justice.  This study employs a normative juridical legal research method, which emphasizes the examination of legal norms (law in the books). The research primarily relies on statutory regulations and library materials as secondary legal sources. The approaches applied in this research include the statutory approach, literature approach, conceptual approach, historical approach, comparative approach, and case approach. The legal materials consist of primary legal sources, including the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law Number 31 of 1997 concerning Military Courts, the Indonesian Code of Criminal Procedure (KUHAP), Law Number 11 of 2021 concerning the Amendment to Law Number 16 of 2004 on the Public Prosecution Service of the Republic of Indonesia, Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes, and Law Number 16 of 2004 concerning the Public Prosecution Service of the Republic of Indonesia.  The findings reveal that strengthening the authority of public prosecutors under the Single Prosecution System can improve coordination among law enforcement agencies and reinforce the integration of the criminal justice system. However, effective implementation requires regulatory harmonization and institutional strengthening. Furthermore, the future implementation of the Single Prosecution System in Indonesia does not imply the physical centralization of all prosecutors within a single prosecution office. Rather, it refers to the centralization of prosecutorial policy, standardization, and accountability under a single authority, namely the Attorney General. Under this system, the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and the Military Prosecutor's Office (Oditurat Militer) would continue to exercise their respective specialized functions while acting "for and on behalf of" a unified and integrated national prosecution system.
THE REFUND OF STATE FINANCIAL LOSSES DUE TO CRIMINAL ACTS OF CORRUPTION THROUGH AUDIT AGENCY AUDIT INVESTIGATION Kristiawanto Kristiawanto
Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum Vol 11, No 3 (2024): Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum
Publisher : UNISSULA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26532/jph.v11i3.39434

Abstract

The aim of this research is to analyze the concept of returning state financial losses resulting from criminal acts of corruption based on Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia audits and to analyze the form of follow-up to recommendations from Financial Audit Agency audit results regarding elements of state losses resulting from criminal acts of corruption. This research is normative research. The approach method used in this research is a statutory approach. The results of this research are the role of the Financial Audit Agency terms of returning state financial losses, the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia has the authority to make demands for compensation from parties proven to have committed unlawful acts which resulted in state financial losses through criminal law instruments, through civil law instruments or through administrative legal instruments. The Financial Audit Agency as the holder of audit power has the right to supervise the management of state finances and provide recommendations on audit results to the House of Representatives, Regional Representative Council and Regional People's Representative Assembly for political follow-up as a supervisory function and provide recommendations to law enforcers in the event of indications of criminal acts