Arif Rijal Anshori
Prodi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Syariah, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia.

Published : 63 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

ANALISIS LITERASI PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN ISLAM PARA PEDAGANG KECIL DI KECAMATAN CILAWU KAB. GARUT Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida; Arif Rijal Anshori; Iwan Permana; Neng Dewi Himayasari
JURNAL ILMIAH EDUNOMIKA Vol 7, No 2 (2023): EDUNOMIKA
Publisher : ITB AAS Indonesia Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29040/jie.v7i2.9521

Abstract

Abstrak - Most of the small traders in Cilawu Garut Subdistrict are ensnared by loan sharks (emok banks), this condition is due to limited literacy and legal sources of capital. The above phenomena really attract our attention to provide concrete solutions to small traders in Cilawu Subdistrict, Garut Regency in the form of Islamic financial management training. This service program is carried out for seven small traders from seven villages in Cilawu District who will provide a solution to the problem by being provided with assistance in implementing Islamic financial management for two months and given a certificate as a mark of graduation and deemed worthy of having the ability in managing Islamic finance. The results are that Islamic financial literacy in small traders in Cilawu District, Garut Regency is not literate or does not yet have knowledge and confidence in financial service institutions and financial products and services which is shown from the results of interviews with small traders using their capital from moneylenders. So that there is a need for education regarding Islamic financial literacy which includes understanding and habits regarding the basics of Islamic financial literacy also influencing the behavior of business owners in running a business in accordance with Islamic economic rules and ethics and introducing Islamic financial service institutions that are able to help provide capital for traders.
Literasi Keuangan Syariah bagi Anak School Age (Studi Kasus Pada Siswa Kelas 2 SD Darul Hikam Bandung) Senjiati, Ifa Hanifia; Anshori, Arif Rijal; Maulida, Ira Siti Rohmah; Wahyudin, Yadi
Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah Vol. 2 No. 2 (2018): Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah UNISBA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/amwaluna.v2i1.6357

Abstract

Sharia financial literacy index in Indonesia by Financial Services Authority in 2016 is 8%. Consists of the youngest respondents aged 13-15 years. The index level of Islamic financial literacy at that age is 2.2%. It means that under 13 years of age in the elementary school category or school age has never been studied. Formulation and objectives of the study (1) to know the concept of Islamic financial literacy for school age children and (2) to analyze the level of syariah financial literacy in 2nd grade students of SD Darul Hikam Bandung. The method used is descriptive analysis method, with 43 samples as respondents. Techniques of research using interviews assisted with research instruments of list questions in the google form. The results showed that 1) financial literacy for school age has 20 indicators that are divided into 3 categories: money literacy, money management literacy, and syariah financial literacy. And 2) syariah financial literacy in 2nd grade students of SD Darul Hikam as much as 68,8% respondents have syariah financial literacy at level of sufficient literate.
The Effectiveness of The Implementation of Sharia Principles in the Digital Banking Industry Hasanudin, Hasanudin; Rijal Anshori, Arif; Setiawan, Iwan; Alputri, Misella
Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Pelita Bangsa Vol. 9 No. 02 (2024): JESPB Edisi Oktober 2024
Publisher : DPPM Universitas Pelita Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37366/jespb.v9i02.1618

Abstract

Education on the importance of Sharia principles and the benefits of Islamic banking must be increased so that people better understand and choose Islamic banking services. Increasing financial literacy and awareness of Islamic banking products helps drive wider adoption in society. This study aims to elaborate on the effectiveness of the application of sharia principles in the digital banking industry. The research method used is library research with a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that adhering to Sharia principles, the Sharia digital banking industry not only offers an ethical alternative to Islamic law but also provides modern and efficient services to customers. Sharia-based digital banking is expected to increase financial inclusion and provide wider access to the public to use financial services by Sharia principles. The effectiveness of the implementation of sharia principles in the digital banking industry is generally positive, with many benefits that can be felt by customers and the financial industry as a whole. However, challenges in terms of technology, regulation, and digital literacy need to continue to be addressed to ensure sustainable and inclusive growth.
Analisis Perbandingan Proyeksi Kinerja Reksadana Syariah dan Konvensional Era Postcovid Berdasarkan Nilai Aktiva Bersih Anshori, Arif Rijal; Rohmah Maulida, Ira Siti; Himayasari, Neng Dewi
Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam Vol. 8 No. 2 (2022): JIEI : Vol. 8, No. 2, 2022
Publisher : ITB AAS INDONESIA Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29040/jiei.v8i2.4889

Abstract

At this time pandemic covid-19 is depressing the position of the financial market and banking sector. But, this is different from non-bank financial institutions, namely mutual funds, which have increased both sharia and conventional. The purpose of this study is to examine how the projections of the financial performance of Islamic and conventional mutual funds for the next 6 years. The method used is quantitative with a descriptive approach, data processing is done by projection analysis using excel. The results of this study are 1) The performance of Islamic mutual funds during the early post-covid era has decreased, while conventional mutual funds have increased every year, including in the early post-covid era. 2) Projected performance of Islamic mutual funds based on net asset value (NAV) in the post-covid era for the next 6 years will continue to increase by reaching the highest point in 2027 of 102,054.28, while conventional mutual funds will experience a decline in year 2 of the post-covid era with projected net asset value amounted to 651,214.34 and in the 3rd to 6th year it will continue to increase
Is It Legal to Handle Waqf Assets Management on Traditional Territories? Receptie a Contrario and Maslahah Perspectives Neng Dewi Himayasari; Ifa Hanifia Senjiati; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida; Arif Rijal Anshori
Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah UNISBA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/amwaluna.v9i2.2974

Abstract

Waqf asset management in Indonesia faces significant challenges, particularly in regions where land legality is ambiguous. Communal lands, which often lack formal ownership documentation, complicate the legitimacy and administrative compliance of waqf assets. These issues result in unrecorded waqf assets in financial statements and acquisition reports, undermining transparency and accountability. This study aims to examine the governance challenges faced by nazhir in managing waqf assets located on communal land, with a focus on identifying legal and administrative barriers and proposing practical solutions. A qualitative case study approach was employed in Muslim minority communities in Bali. Data were collected through direct observation and in-depth interviews, and analyzed using descriptive and narrative methods. The findings reveal that nazhir are unable to formally recognize and report waqf assets on communal land due to the absence of policy guidelines and legal frameworks that accommodate such conditions. This gap hinders the application of Islamic corporate governance principles, especially in terms of disclosure and transparency. The study contributes to the discourse on waqf governance by highlighting real-world complexities in asset legitimacy and proposing risk-minimization strategies, such as encouraging local governments to issue temporary management policies. These insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers and waqf practitioners in developing inclusive and context-sensitive governance frameworks.  
Tinjauan Fikih Muamalah terhadap Klausula Denda Keterlambatan Penyerahan Barang pada Transaksi PO di TikTok Shop Ahmad Reyhansyah Ashadi; Arif Rijal Anshori; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 57-64
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.24809

Abstract

Abstract. This study examines the late-delivery penalty clause applied to Pre-Order (PO) transactions on TikTok Shop from the perspective of muamalah jurisprudence. The rapid growth of PO transactions has been accompanied by frequent delivery delays that disadvantage buyers, prompting TikTok Shop to include a penalty clause in its Seller Terms of Service whose conformity with Islamic contract law has not previously been examined. This research aims to identify the provisions of the clause and analyze them according to classical and contemporary muamalah scholarship. A qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical normative-juridical approach was used. Secondary data were drawn from primary legal sources (the Qur'an, hadith, classical fiqh texts, DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 43/2004, and the OIC Fiqh Academy Resolution No. 109/2000), secondary sources (books and journals), and TikTok Shop's official documents, collected through literature and documentary study and analyzed through data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that PO transactions fulfill the pillars of a valid salam contract. The penalty clause, an automatic minimum Rp25,000 voucher applied without proof of actual loss, is better classified as syartul jaza'i than ta'widh. Classical scholars tend to prohibit time-linked penalties as a form of riba, while contemporary scholars permit them if proportional and free of riba. The clause is concluded to be mubah bi al-syuruth, requiring refinement of its compensation form, proportionality, penalty cap, and force majeure provisions. Abstrak. Penelitian ini mengkaji klausula denda keterlambatan penyerahan barang pada transaksi Pre-Order (PO) di TikTok Shop dari perspektif fikih muamalah. Pesatnya pertumbuhan transaksi PO kerap diiringi keterlambatan penyerahan barang yang merugikan pembeli, sehingga TikTok Shop mencantumkan klausula denda dalam Syarat dan Ketentuan Layanan Penjualnya, namun kesesuaiannya dengan hukum akad Islam belum pernah dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi ketentuan klausula tersebut dan menganalisisnya menurut pandangan ulama klasik dan kontemporer. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif-analitis. Data sekunder bersumber dari bahan hukum primer (Al-Qur'an, hadits, kitab fikih klasik, Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 43/2004, dan Qarar Majma' al-Fiqh al-Islami OKI No. 109/2000), bahan hukum sekunder (buku dan jurnal), serta dokumen resmi TikTok Shop, yang dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka dan studi dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transaksi PO memenuhi rukun akad salam sehingga sah sebagai akad salam. Denda berupa voucher minimal Rp25.000 yang berlaku otomatis tanpa pembuktian kerugian riil lebih tepat dikategorikan sebagai syartul jaza'i daripada ta'widh. Ulama klasik cenderung melarang denda yang dikaitkan dengan waktu karena berpotensi riba, sedangkan ulama kontemporer membolehkannya dengan syarat proporsional dan bebas riba. Klausula ini disimpulkan mubah bi al-syuruth, dengan catatan perlu penyempurnaan pada bentuk kompensasi, proporsionalitas, batas maksimum denda, dan ketentuan force majeure.
Tinjauan Maqashid Syariah dan UU No. 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang BPJPH terhadap Kewajiban Sertifikasi Halal pada Program Makan Bergizi Gratis di Kota Cimahi Nasywa Nathani Salsabila; Arif Rijal Anshori; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 73-80
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.24899

Abstract

Abstract. This study analyzes the implementation of halal certification obligations in the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) in Cimahi City based on the Halal Product Assurance Law. The MBG program as a strategic policy of the government aims to meet nutritional needs, but faces a gap in compliance. It is recorded that only 9 out of a total of 63 (14.3%) Nutrition Fulfillment Service Units (SPPG) in Cimahi have halal certificates as of April 2026. Through a juridical-normative and qualitative approach, data was explored from literature studies and interviews with SPPG managers, BPJPH authorities, and MUI. The results of the study revealed that the root of non-compliance was purely structural obstacles such as the delay of third-party documents and long laboratory queues, not the legal literacy crisis. From the perspective of Maqashid Sharia, this obligation is essential to fulfill hifdz al-din (eliminating syubhat), hifdz al-nafs (preventing the danger of pesticide residues), and hifdz al-mal (accountability of state funds). The transition policy in the form of postponing administrative sanctions until October 2026 is considered to be in line with the principle of siyasah syar'iyyah to accommodate the unpreparedness of the state's service infrastructure which is currently not fully adequate. Abstrak. Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi kewajiban sertifikasi halal pada Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) di Kota Cimahi berdasarkan Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal. Program MBG sebagai kebijakan strategis pemerintah bertujuan memenuhi kebutuhan gizi, namun menghadapi kesenjangan kepatuhan. Tercatat hanya 9 dari total 63 (14,3%) Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi (SPPG) di Cimahi yang mengantongi sertifikat halal per April 2026. Melalui pendekatan yuridis-normatif dan kualitatif, data digali dari studi literatur serta wawancara pengelola SPPG, otoritas BPJPH, dan MUI. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa akar ketidakpatuhan murni hambatan struktural seperti kelambatan dokumen pihak ketiga dan panjangnya antrean laboratorium, bukan krisis literasi hukum. Dalam perspektif Maqashid Syariah, kewajiban ini sangat esensial guna memenuhi hifdz al-din (menghilangkan syubhat), hifdz al-nafs (mencegah bahaya residu pestisida), serta hifdz al-mal (akuntabilitas dana negara). Kebijakan transisi berupa penundaan sanksi administratif hingga bulan Oktober 2026 dinilai sejalan dengan prinsip siyasah syar'iyyah untuk mengakomodasi ketidaksiapan infrastruktur pelayanan negara yang saat ini belum sepenuhnya memadai.
Pemetaan Penelitian Hukum Jual Beli Emas dalam Fikih Muamalah: Studi Bibliometrik Salma Saqina; Arif Rijal Anshori; Ifa Hanifia Senjiati
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 115-122
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.25002

Abstract

Abstract. The development of gold buying and selling transactions that have shifted to digital platforms has given rise to various legal issues in muamalah jurisprudence, particularly regarding the validity of digital *taqabudh* and the transparency of contracts. On the other hand, the increase in scientific publications on the law of gold buying and selling has not been followed by a systematic literature mapping, so that the development of studies and research opportunities are still difficult to identify. This study aims to analyze scientific publication trends, map research cluster themes, and identify research gaps in the law of gold buying and selling from the perspective of muamalah jurisprudence. The study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach and bibliometric analysis. Secondary data was obtained from the AI ​​Dimension database, then selected to produce 92 scientific journal articles for the period 2012–2025. The analysis was carried out using VOSviewer software through keyword co-occurrence network mapping. The results show that publications have increased significantly since 2019 and peaked in 2022. The bibliometric mapping resulted in three main clusters, namely digital gold studies and the implementation of DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 77/2010, a normative study of classical Islamic jurisprudence on usurious assets, and the implementation of contracts in Islamic financial institutions. This study concludes that there is still research related to the operational regulations of Islamic Gold Banks after Law Number 4 of 2023 concerning the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector, the use of blockchain technology, and the implementation of AAOIFI standards as future research directions. Abstrak. Perkembangan transaksi jual beli emas yang beralih ke platform digital memunculkan berbagai persoalan hukum dalam fikih muamalah, terutama mengenai keabsahan taqabudh digital dan transparansi akad. Di sisi lain, meningkatnya publikasi ilmiah mengenai hukum jual beli emas belum diikuti dengan pemetaan literatur yang sistematis sehingga perkembangan kajian dan peluang penelitian masih sulit diidentifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tren publikasi ilmiah, memetakan klaster tema penelitian, serta mengidentifikasi celah riset hukum jual beli emas dalam perspektif fikih muamalah. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan dan analisis bibliometrik. Data sekunder diperoleh dari basis data Dimensions AI, kemudian diseleksi sehingga menghasilkan 92 artikel jurnal ilmiah periode 2012–2025. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak VOSviewer melalui pemetaan jaringan kemunculan bersama kata kunci (keyword co-occurrence). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa publikasi meningkat signifikan sejak 2019 dan mencapai puncaknya pada 2022. Pemetaan bibliometrik menghasilkan tiga klaster utama, yaitu kajian emas digital dan implementasi Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 77/2010, kajian normatif fikih klasik mengenai barang ribawi, serta implementasi akad pada lembaga keuangan syariah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa masih terdapat kesenjangan riset terkait regulasi operasional Bank Emas Syariah pasca-Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan, pemanfaatan teknologi blockchain, serta penerapan standar AAOIFI sebagai arah penelitian selanjutnya.
Analisis Penerapan Biaya Tambahan dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Menggunakan QRIS Berdasarkan PBI dan Fatwa DSN-MUI Yori Kemiain; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida; Arif Rijal Anshori
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 131-140
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.25050

Abstract

Abstract. The Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) has become the main pillar of digital payment in Indonesia, yet a number of merchants, particularly micro businesses, small food stalls, and street vendors, still impose an additional fee (surcharge) on consumers. This practice contradicts Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 23/6/PBI/2021 Article 52 paragraph (1), which prohibits transferring Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) costs to consumers, and it also intersects with DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 116/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 on Sharia Electronic Money. This study analyzes the provision on additional QRIS fees, examines it from the perspective of fiqh muamalah, and assesses the compatibility between the two provisions. A normative juridical method was used, combining a statute, conceptual, and comparative approach, with qualitative data from laws, fatwas, books, and journal articles gathered through library research, supported by interviews with consumers, merchants, and banks. The results show that Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 23/6/PBI/2021 fundamentally prohibits surcharges, yet the practice still occurs due to merchants' limited understanding. From the DSN-MUI Fatwa's perspective, surcharge practices are inconsistent with fairness, transparency, and maslahah. Both provisions share a common orientation toward consumer protection, indicating the need for stronger socialization, education, and supervision to align QRIS implementation with regulation and sharia principles. Abstrak. Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) telah menjadi salah satu pilar utama pembayaran digital di Indonesia, namun sebagian merchant, khususnya usaha mikro, warung makan kecil, dan pedagang kaki lima, masih membebankan biaya tambahan (surcharge) kepada konsumen. Praktik ini bertentangan dengan Peraturan Bank Indonesia No. 23/6/PBI/2021 Pasal 52 ayat (1) yang melarang pengalihan biaya Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) kepada konsumen, dan juga bersinggungan dengan Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 116/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 tentang Uang Elektronik Syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ketentuan biaya tambahan transaksi QRIS tersebut, mengkajinya dari perspektif fikih muamalah, serta menilai kesesuaian antara kedua ketentuan. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif, dengan data kualitatif dari peraturan, fatwa, buku, dan jurnal melalui studi kepustakaan, didukung wawancara dengan konsumen, merchant, dan pihak bank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Peraturan Bank Indonesia No. 23/6/PBI/2021 pada dasarnya melarang surcharge, tetapi praktik tersebut masih terjadi akibat minimnya pemahaman merchant. Ditinjau dari Fatwa DSN-MUI, praktik surcharge tidak sejalan dengan keadilan, transparansi, dan kemaslahatan. Kedua ketentuan memiliki kesesuaian dalam menekankan perlindungan konsumen, sehingga diperlukan peningkatan sosialisasi, edukasi, dan pengawasan agar implementasi QRIS sesuai regulasi dan prinsip syariah.
Kesadaran Syariah terhadap Penggunaan PayLater pada Mahasiswa UIN Bandung dan UNISBA Citra Yustia Najla Nurghina; Arif Rijal Anshori; Ira Siti Rohmah Maulida
Bandung Conference Series: Sharia Economic Law 141-148
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcssel.v6i2.25054

Abstract

Abstract. The rapid growth of PayLater services in Indonesia's e-commerce industry raises concern from the perspective of Islamic economic law, especially among students of Islamic universities who have already studied the concepts of riba and gharar in their curriculum. This gap between religious knowledge and daily financial behavior becomes the main issue of this research. This study aims to analyze the level of Sharia awareness among students of two Islamic universities in Bandung, namely UIN Bandung and UNISBA, regarding PayLater services, and to identify the patterns and factors influencing their decision to use it. A descriptive qualitative method was used, with semi structured interviews conducted on ten students who have used PayLater, and the data were processed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The result shows that students' Sharia awareness is fragmented into three patterns, namely critical awareness, ambiguous awareness, and unawareness, with the ambiguous pattern through the "pay on time" strategy being the most dominant among informants. Understanding of gharar is found much weaker than understanding of riba, shown by the habit of not reading terms and conditions before activating the service. The decision to use PayLater is mostly driven by ease of access, promotion, and urgent needs, rather than Sharia consideration. This condition reflects a fragmented Sharia awareness, where students' normative knowledge does not consistently align with what they actually practice in daily financial transactions. Abstrak. Pertumbuhan layanan PayLater yang begitu cepat di industri e-commerce Indonesia menimbulkan kekhawatiran tersendiri jika ditinjau dari sudut pandang hukum ekonomi syariah, terutama di kalangan mahasiswa perguruan tinggi Islam yang sebenarnya sudah mempelajari konsep riba dan gharar dalam perkuliahan. Kesenjangan antara pengetahuan agama dan praktik keuangan sehari-hari inilah yang menjadi persoalan utama penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat kesadaran prinsip syariah mahasiswa UIN Bandung dan UNISBA terhadap layanan PayLater, sekaligus mengidentifikasi pola dan faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan penggunaannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan wawancara semi terstruktur terhadap sepuluh mahasiswa pengguna PayLater, yang datanya diolah menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesadaran syariah mahasiswa terbagi ke dalam tiga pola, yaitu kesadaran kritis, kesadaran ambigu, dan ketidaksadaran, dengan pola ambigu melalui strategi "bayar tepat waktu" menjadi pola yang paling banyak ditemukan pada informan. Pemahaman tentang gharar terbukti jauh lebih lemah dibanding pemahaman tentang riba, terlihat dari kebiasaan tidak membaca syarat dan ketentuan sebelum mengaktifkan layanan. Keputusan menggunakan PayLater lebih banyak didorong oleh kemudahan akses, promo, dan kebutuhan mendesak, dibanding pertimbangan syariah. Kondisi ini mencerminkan kesadaran syariah yang terfragmentasi, di mana pengetahuan normatif mahasiswa tidak selalu selaras dengan apa yang benar-benar mereka praktikkan dalam transaksi keuangan sehari-hari.