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KAJIAN REZIM HIDROLOGI DAN SALINITAS DAS LANDAK- KAPUAS DALAM RANGKA PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER AIR BAKU SPAM REGIONAL PONTIANAK - ZONA HUJAN EQUATORIAL Aprillia, Ricka; Sabar, Arwin
Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol 20, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Abstrak: Adanya rencana pembangunan berkelanjutan di kawasan pesisir kapuas menuju Kota Metropolitan Pontianak, memerlukan sumber air baku yang layak dari segi kualitas, kuantitas dan kontinuitas sesuai standar nasional. Dari segi kuantitas, ketersediaan air baku cukup berlimpah, namun dari segi kualitas, sumber air baku Kota Pontianak terancam interusi air laut pada tahun normal dan tahun kering di musim kemarau. Saat ini, cakupan layanan PDAM di wilayah Regional Pontianak baru mencapai 45% dari total penduduk 1.022.269 jiwa (2010). Kualitas air hasil produksi PDAM juga kurang stabil dampak dari kualitas air baku tidak memadai (warna tinggi dan kadar klorida diatas ambang batas saat kemarau) sehingga kualitas air yang diterima pelanggan tidak layak minum. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai rezim hidrologi untuk keandalan sumber air baku (kualitas dan kuantitas) dari Sungai Ambawang interbasin Sungai Landak (Biyung) yang terpilih dijadikan sumber air baku yang barudalam pengembangan infrastruktur air minum Regional Pontianak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sungai Ambawang secara periodik terpengaruh pasang surut yang berpoten si terinterusi air laut, sehingga dibangun bendungan untuk memutus salinitas. Sedangkan Sungai Landak (Biyung) memiliki debit yang acak dan dipengaruhi oleh curah hujan. Hasil pembagian debit Discrit Markov terhadap nilai salinitas menunjukkan bahwa, salinitas tertinggi terjadi pada iklim kering, bulan kering dan debit harian kering dimana amplitudo pasut di muara sungai maksimum. Debit harian minimum Sungai Landak tercatat pada tahun 1997 sebesar 21 m3/detik analog dengan debit rencana R20 1 harian sebesar 23,38 m3/detik. Kebutuhan air baku Regional Pontianak sampai dengan tahun 2030 sebesar 4,6 m3/det sedangkan debit untuk alokasi air minum enggunakan debit 20 tahun kering, R20 kering pada Sungai Ambawang sebesar 12,05 m3/det, sehingga sampai dengan tahun 2030 kebutuhan air baku Regional Pontianak dapat terpenuhi. Kata kunci: air baku, air minum, Regional Pontianak, salinitas, Sungai Ambawang, Sungai Landak. Abstract : The existence of sustainable development plan inkapuas coastal areas towardPontianak Metropolitan Cities, requires a decent source of raw water in terms of quality, quantity and continuity according to national standards. In terms of quantity, availability of raw water is quite abundant, but in terms of quality, raw water source is threatened sea water interution in normal and dry years in the dry season. Currently, the services coverageof PDAM in the area of Regional Pontianak only reached 45% of the total population of 1,022,269soul (2010). Water quality output PDAM is also unstable, impact of inadequate water quality (high color and chloride levels above the threshold when dry) so that customers receive quality water unfit to drink. This study discusses the hydrological regime for the reliability of raw water source (quality and quantity) of interbasin Ambawang River Landak River (Biyung) were selected as new raw water source for drinking water infrastructure development Regional Pontianak. The results showed that Ambawang River periodically affected by tidal and seawater interution, so the dam was built to break salinity. While the Landak River (Biyung) has a random discharge and is influenced by rainfall. The result of the division of discharge Discrit Markov against salinity values showed that, the highest salinity occurs in dry climates, dry month and daily discharge dry where the amplitude tidal estuary maximum. The minimum daily discharge Landak River recorded in 1997 at 21 m3 / sec analog with R20 daily discharge plan of 23.38 m3/ sec. Pontianak Regional raw water needs of 4.6 m3 / sec in the 2030, while the used discharge for the allocation of drinking water a debit 20 years of dry, dry R20 on the River Ambawang of 12.05 m3/sec, so the 2030 needs raw water Regional Pontianak can be met. Key words: raw water, drinking water, Regional Pontianak, salinity, Ambawang River, Landak River

MODEL PRAKIRAAN DEBIT AIR DALAM RANGKA OPTIMALISASI PENGELOLAAN WADUK KEDUNG OMBO Hutagalung, Shanty Elizabeth Maretina; Sabar, Arwin
Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol 21, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Abstrak: Pemanfaatan Waduk Kedung Ombo (WKO) sebagai waduk multiguna ternyata masih belum optimal. Hal ini ditandai dengan terjadinya kekurangan air di hilir pada musim kering, dan air melimpas pada musim hujan. Padahal bila dikelola dengan optimal, WKO bisa sebagai sumber air baku dalam pengembangan sistem penyediaan air minum (SPAM) karena hingga saat ini WKO hanya digunakan terbatas untuk irigasi dan PLTA. Adanya permasalahan terhadap ketidakpastian masa depan tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian pola pengusahaan waduk Kedung Ombo optimal untuk standar operasional Waduk. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam pengelolaan waduk adalah dengan metode korelasi spasial (hujan dan debit dan metode diskrit markov yang menggunakan prinsip model stokastik markov 3 kelas. Dengan menggunakan data debit inflow WKO dari tahun 1991-2011 didapatkan beberapa hasil prakiran debit masa depan dengan menggunakan dua komponen hidrologi yaitu hujan dan debit. Pada metode korelasi spasial hujan dan debit dilakukan dengan menguji 5 kombinasi komponen hujan dan debit untuk kemudian dipilih yang mempunyai hasil korelasi tertinggi terhadap debit aktualnya. Dari perhitungan diketahui bahwa kombinasi tipe PQQQ yang mempunyai nilai korelasi tertinggi, yaitu 0,87 sedangkan untuk metode markov didapatkan hasil yang sangat baik dengan koefisien korelasi 0,958. Kemudian nantinya metode markov ini akan digunakan dalam perhitungan manajemen waduk optimal dalam rangka melihat potensi WKO sebagai sumber air baku bagi SPAM di wilayah sekitarnya. Kata kunci: waduk kedung ombo, korelasi spasial, hujan, debit prakiraan Abstract: The utilization of Kedung Ombo Reservoir (WKO) as a multipurpose reservoir was considered suboptimum. It is clearly shown by the water shortages at the downstream in the dry season, and an overflown water during the rainy season. If it is managed optimally, WKO can be utilized as a raw water source in the development of drinking water supply system (SPAM) albeit it is only limited to be used for irrigation and hydropower plant today. The uncertainty of the future draws the urgency for a proper study on how to optimize the operational of Kedung Ombo reservoir as standardized operational procedure. The approach taken in the management of the reservoir is the spatial correlation method (rainfall ? discharge, and Markov discrete method which uses a model that applies the principal of Markov stochastic model 3 classes. By using the inflow discharge data of WKO, taken from the years of 1991-2011, the forecasted discharge value for the future can be obtained through two hydrological components which is rainfall and discharge. The method of the spatial correlation of rain-discharge has five sets of combinations between rain and discharge, where the results with the highest correlation number to its actual value will be opted. From the calculation it is known that the combination of PQQQ type has the highest correlation value, which is 0.87, whereas for the Markov method it obtained a very good results with a correlation coefficient of 0.958. Later on, the Markov method will be used in the optimal reservoir management calculation in order to see the potential of WKO as a source of raw water for SPAM in the surrounding region. Keywords: Kedung Ombo dam, spatial correlation, presipitation, forecasted water discharge

REVITALISASI SPAM TANJUNG DALAM I PDAM TIRTA PRABUJAYA DI KOTA PRABUMULIH DALAM RANGKA MENCAPAI TARGET MDGS 2015 Jayanti, Merri; Sabar, Arwin
Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol 19, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Abstrak: Adanya peningkatan status Kota Prabumulih dari Kota Administratif Kabupaten Muara Enim, menjadi Kota Tingkat II merupakan salah satu indikator utama meningkatnya permintaan akan kebutuhan air minum. Selain itu, terjadi ancaman keberlanjutan air dari segi kualitas akibat adanya pengaruh ekstrimitas debit pada zona hujan mooson sehingga tingkat kekeruhan air semakin tinggi. Hal ini secara langsung mempengaruhi produksi air minum (baik kualitas, kuantitas dan kontinuitas) yang disediakan oleh SPAM, PDAM Tirta Prabujaya Kota Prabumulih. Saat ini, cakupan Layanan PDAM baru mencapai 18% dari total penduduk 158.304 jiwa (2011). Pendistribusiaan air PDAM kepada masyarakat juga kurang merata dikarenakan kekurangan sarana dan prasarana terutama sarana pengambilan air baku dari Intake dengan kapasitas terpasang 60 liter/detik, hanya dapat berproduksi 32 liter/detik. Padahal air minum sangat diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan Rencana Induk Pengembangan SPAM yang didasarkan pada kriteria desain dan proyeksi kebutuhan air minum pada satu periode yang dibagi beberapa tahapan. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai RIP-SPAM untuk jangka pendek dalam rangka pencapaian target MDGs 2015 yakni 70% penduduk terlayani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada 2015, Kota Prabumulih akan memiliki penduduk sebesar 175.942 jiwa dengan kebutuhan air minum rata-rata 327,10 liter/detik. Arahan RIP-SPAM jangka pendek dilakukan dengan revitalisasi SPAM Tanjung Dalam I, yaitu dengan transmisi air baku dan revitalisasi prasedimentasi. Adapun revitalisasi transmisi air baku dapat dilaksanakan dengan dua alternatif yaitu dengan penambahan booster pada jalur transmisi atau penambahan pompa yang dipasang paralel (Q 60 liter/detik). Sedangkan revitalisasi prasedimentasi sangat diperlukan untuk menjamin kualitas air akibat tingkat kekeruhan yang tinggi terutama pada musim penghujan dengan penambahan kompartemen prasedimentasi. Dengan skenario pengembangan SPAM, penduduk Prabumulih dilayani sebanyak 71,25% pada 2015 (melebihi target MDGs).

DRAINASE WAWASAN LINGKUNGAN DI KAWASAN KONSERVASI AIR BOPUNCUR Tigana, Princenvo; Sabar, Arwin
Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol 25, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstrak: Perubahan tutupan lahan Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Ciliwung hulu memberikan pengaruh yang cukup dominan terhadap debit banjir di wilayah hilirnya yaitu Jakarta. Fenomena tersebut terjadi di DAS Ciliwung hulu dikarenakan oleh daerah Bogor, Puncak, Cianjur (BOPUNCUR) dan sekitarnya banyak mengalami perubahan tutupan lahan, dari kawasan hutan menjadi kawasan pertanian. Tahap penelitian mencakup analisis hidrologi dan analisis spasial. Analisis hidrologi dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap, yaitu melihat hubungan hujan dan debit, ekstrimitas debit, dan debit rencana kering dan banjir. Hubungan hujan dan debit dapat dilihat dengan persamaan regresi linear sederhana yang menunjukkan kecenderungan nilai koefisien limpasan yang meningkat dan nilai baseflow yang menurun. Ekstrimitas debit didapatkan menggunakan metode moving average lima tahunan yang menunjukkan terjadinya ekstrimitas debit. Debit rencana kering dan banjir dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan analisis distribusi frekuensi dan uji kesesuaian distribusi. Analisis spasial dilakukan dengan cara meng-overlay peta-peta spasial guna mendapatkan nilai indeks konservasi. Peta spasial yang digunakan mencakup peta kelerengan, peta jenis tanah, dan peta tutupan lahan. Nilai indeks konservasi alami (IKa) DAS Ciliwung hulu yang diperoleh sebesar 0,75, sedangkan nilai indeks konservasi aktual (IKc) yang diperoleh untuk periode 2001 ? 2007 berada dibawah nilai IKA. Hal ini menunjukkan terjadi degradasi lahan yang mengakibatkan kondisi kawasan DAS Ciliwung hulu un-sustainable. Konsep drainase wawasan lingkungan dan aplikasi rekayasa teknis diterapkan di Perumahan My Residence 1 Bogor untuk dapat mencapai zero limpasan. Penerapan sumur resapan skala individu dengan diameter 0,8 m dan kedalaman minimum 1,3 m dapat mengurangi debit air yang masuk ke dalam saluran hingga lebih dari 50%. Hal ini menunjukkan penerapan konsep drainase wawasan lingkungan dan aplikasi rekayasa teknis dapat mewujudkan tercapainya zero limpasan. Kata kunci: perubahan tutupan lahan, DAS Ciliwung hulu, indeks konservasi, sumur resapan Abstract: Changes in the land cover of the Ciliwung watershed have a dominant influence on the flood discharge in the downstream region, namely Jakarta. This phenomenon occurs in the upstream Ciliwung watershed because the Bogor, Puncak, Cianjur (BOPUNCUR) and surrounding areas increasingly change land cover, from forest areas to agricultural areas. The research phase includes hydrological analysis and spatial analysis. Hydrological analysis was carried out in several places, namely looking at the relationship of rain and discharge, extreme discharge, and discharge of dry and flood plans. The relationship of rain and discharge can be seen with a simple linear regression equation that shows increased runoff coefficient value and baseflow value decreases. Extreme discharge uses a five-year moving average method that shows extreme discharge. Dry and flood discharge plans can be determined using distribution analysis and distribution conformity tests. Spatial analysis is done by overlaying spatial maps to get the conservation index value. Spatial maps used include slope maps, soil type maps, and land cover maps. The natural conservation index (IKa) value of the upstream Ciliwung watershed is 0.75, while the actual approval index value (IKc) obtained for the period 2001 - 2007 is below the IKA value. This shows that land degradation occurred in the area of the upstream Ciliwung watershed. The environmental drainage concept and technical engineering applications is applied in My Residence 1 Bogor Housing to be able to achieve zero runoff. The application of infiltration wells with an individual scale with a diameter of 0.8 m and a minimum depth of 1.3 m can reduce the water discharge entering the drainage by more than 50%. This shows the application of environmental drainage concept and technical engineering can realize the achievement of zero runoff. Keywords: land use change, upper Ciliwung river basin, conservation index, infiltration well

OPTIMALISASI PENGUSAHAAN HIDROELEKTRIK RIAM KANAN DALAM RANGKA MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN AIR BAKU SPAM KAWASAN REGIONAL BANJARBARU Maulani, Melisa Triandini; Sabar, Arwin
Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol 26, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.tl.2020.26.1.1

Abstrak : Meningkatnya kebutuhan air minum seiring dengan pertumbuhan penduduk Kabupaten Banjar dan Kota Banjarbaru, provinsi Kalimantan Selatan serta komponen hidrologi yang stokastik mengakibatkan adanya ketidakpastian masa depan dalam pola pengelolaan PLTA Ir.P.M. Noor Waduk Riam Kanan sehingga dengan fungsi utilitas energi listrik harga konstan seperti saat ini, pemenuhan kebutuhan air baku di downstream kurang optimal. Waduk PLTA Riam Kanan di jadikan sebagai alternatif sumber air baku. Alokasi air minum menggunakan debit andalan kering R10-R20 yang bernilai 19,3-27,5 m3/detik. Korelasi debit hasil prakiraan kontinyu dengan debit historis sebesar 0,72 sedangkan korelasi debit prakiraan diskrit markov dengan debit historis sebesar 0,62 sehingga debit prakiraan kontinu dianggap lebih adaptif terhadap debit historisnya. Pengelolaan waduk optimal menggunakan model kontinu memiliki koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,852 terhadap lintasan aktualnya sedangkan menggunakan model diskrit markov sebesar 0,846 sehingga model kontinu terpilih menjadi model pola pengusahaan waduk yang paling optimal untuk untuk kebutuhan air di downstream. Pengelolaan waduk optimal diperhitungkan dengan pengelolaan optimal berdasarkan ketidakpastian masa depan, sedangkan utilitas harga berubah dihitung dengan metode program dinamik Bellman dengan iterasi ?Du Coloir?. Untuk diskritisasi volume sebesar 70, 35 dan 10 juta m3 didapatkan gain sebesar 1462,2525, 1207,6640 dan 990,1395; 1463,9817, 1209,8065 dan 996,2856; 1470,1043, 1238,1262 dan 1002,3623. Adapun korelasi untuk diskritisasi 70, 35 dan 10 juta m3 adalah 0,3810; 0,3822 dan 0,4700,membuktikan bahwa semakin besardiskritisasi, semakin besar korelasi yang didapatkan antara St pedoman dan St aktual.. Kata kunci : air baku, pengelolaan waduk, deterministik, optimal, program dinamik Bellman Abstract : The increased demand for drinking water along with the population growth of Banjar Regency and Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan province and stochastical hydrology component resulted in future uncertainty in the management pattern of Riam Kanan Reservoir Ir. P. M. Noor hydropower plant so that with the electric utility function of constant price such as the present, fulfillment of raw water demand in downstream is less than optimal. The Riam Kanan reservoir hydropower plant is used as an alternative source of raw water. Allocation of drinking water uses dry R10-R20 mainstay discharge which is worth 19.3-27.5 m3/second. The discharge correlation results from continuous forecasts with historical debit of 0.72 while the discrete markov forecast debit correlation with historical discharge is 0.62 so that continuous forecasting debits are considered more adaptive to historical debit. Optimal reservoir management using a continuous model has a correlation coefficient of 0.988 on the actual trajectory while using the markov discrete model of 0.902 so that the continuous model is chosen to be the most optimal model of reservoir designation for downstream water needs. Optimal reservoir management is calculated by optimal management based on future uncertainties, while utility price changes are calculated by the Bellman dynamic program method and ?Du Coloir iteration. For the discretization of the volume of 70, 35 and 10 Mm3 the gain obtained are 1462,2525, 1207,6640 and 990,1395; 1463,9817, 1209,8065 and 996,2856; 1470,1043, 1238,1262 and 1002,3623. Correlation for discretization of 70, 35, and 10 Mm3 are 0,3810, 0,3822 dan 0,4700, proving that the larger discretization is, the larger correlation between St trajectory dan St actual. Keyword : raw water, reservoir management, deterministic, optimal, Bellman?s dynamic program

Permasalahan dan Strategi Pembangunan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan Studi Kasus: Cekungan Bandung Wangsaatmaja, Setiawan; Sabar, Arwin; Prasetiati, Maria Angela
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no3.20065Environmental problems occurring in the Bandung Basin are resulted from improper management pertaining to land and spatial planning, including landuse policy and control. Arising environmental problems are covering disturbance of watershed hydrological function, surface and groundwater quality and quantity, solid waste, and air quality. Environmental studies in the Bandung Basin have been implemented by landuse change interpretation, surface water regime measurements, water quality, solid waste management, and air quality. Landuse change has occurred where some vegetation areas, such as forests and paddy fi elds, have decreased for 54% in one hand, and developed area has increased into 223% in the other hand. Watershed degradation is indicated by run off coeffi cient increasing from 0.3 in 1950 to 0.55 in 1998. Flow regime has also changed by presence of a maximum extreme discharge increasing tendency from 217.9 m3/sec in 1951 to 285.8 m3/sec in 1998, and minimum extreme discharge decreasing tendency from 6.35 m3/sec in 1951 to 5.7 m3/sec in 1998. Groundwater productivity index continued decreasing from 0.1 million m3/unit in 1900 to 0.0188 million m3/unit in 2002. Environmental problem has also occurred in a solid waste management sector where an average level of service is only 43.7%, and air pollution by motor vehicle and industrial emission, such as PM10, NOx, CO2, SO2, Pb, and acid rain phenomena have also occurred. Fresh water supply level of service in the Bandung Basin only covers 43% of the total needs. Watershed degradation occurring in the Basin needs a management system recovery, administrative based-management that shifted to ecological based integrated watershed management. Effort and strategy required include the policy and institutional reassembling, pollution control, land rehabilitation and conservation, and community empowerment. Â

Permasalahan dan Strategi Pembangunan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan Studi Kasus: Cekungan Bandung Wangsaatmaja, Setiawan; Sabar, Arwin; Prasetiati, Maria Angela
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.1.3.163-171

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no3.20065Environmental problems occurring in the Bandung Basin are resulted from improper management pertaining to land and spatial planning, including landuse policy and control. Arising environmental problems are covering disturbance of watershed hydrological function, surface and groundwater quality and quantity, solid waste, and air quality. Environmental studies in the Bandung Basin have been implemented by landuse change interpretation, surface water regime measurements, water quality, solid waste management, and air quality. Landuse change has occurred where some vegetation areas, such as forests and paddy fi elds, have decreased for 54% in one hand, and developed area has increased into 223% in the other hand. Watershed degradation is indicated by run off coeffi cient increasing from 0.3 in 1950 to 0.55 in 1998. Flow regime has also changed by presence of a maximum extreme discharge increasing tendency from 217.9 m3/sec in 1951 to 285.8 m3/sec in 1998, and minimum extreme discharge decreasing tendency from 6.35 m3/sec in 1951 to 5.7 m3/sec in 1998. Groundwater productivity index continued decreasing from 0.1 million m3/unit in 1900 to 0.0188 million m3/unit in 2002. Environmental problem has also occurred in a solid waste management sector where an average level of service is only 43.7%, and air pollution by motor vehicle and industrial emission, such as PM10, NOx, CO2, SO2, Pb, and acid rain phenomena have also occurred. Fresh water supply level of service in the Bandung Basin only covers 43% of the total needs. Watershed degradation occurring in the Basin needs a management system recovery, administrative based-management that shifted to ecological based integrated watershed management. Effort and strategy required include the policy and institutional reassembling, pollution control, land rehabilitation and conservation, and community empowerment. Â

Kajian Keandalan Air Sungai Cisadane Memenuhi Laju Permintaan Air Baku PDAM Kota Bogor Arwin Arwin; Yuniria Mukmin
Journal of Regional and City Planning Vol. 17 No. 2 (2006)
Publisher : The Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

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The river Cisadane is the only potential raw water source to fulfil the demand rate of the Local Water Supply Enterprice (PDAM) Bogor of 1225 L/sec (2005). Due to the impact of population growth and city expansion, the need for raw water increases up to 2375 L/sec (2010). The rate of additional demand for raw water source to a total of 1200 L/sec (2010), such that an increase of 3 x 600 L/sec is needed at the Ciherang-Pondoh Intake. The existing Ciherang-Pondoh Intake was approved (SIPA) by the authority to increase tapping from 600 L/sec up to 1200 L/sec, and the World Bank approved a fast track project to increase the mentioned capacity. The Cisadane river debit as well as the extreme water debit (1969-1999) during the dry seasons are random variables. The reliability of the Cisadane river debit during the dry seasons was determined statistically, proceeded by a theoretical distribution test against the measured dry seasons data (Chow, 1964). A data array was made, then the goodness of fit of the data was tested to find the conformity between samples and the theoretical distribution function, which represent the actual debit phenomena (Normal Distribution, log-normal, Gumbel and log-pearson III). Further on, the reliabity curve of the Cisadane raw water source was constructed to assure supply to the PDAM, and fulfil the design criteria. In case that the river debit can not fulfil the demand for the multisector (domestic, irigation, and down stream industry) raw water source, then a further study need to be conducted to develop the Cisadane water source using a dam.Keywords: Rate of water demand, goodness-of-fit, reliability curve, Water-source Criteria

Rainfall Variability and Landuse Conversion Impacts to Sensitivity of Citarum River Flow Dyah Marganingrum; Arwin Sabar; Dwina Roosmini; P Pradono
Forum Geografi Vol 27, No 1 (2013): July 2013
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v27i1.5074

The objective of this study is to determine the sensitivity of Citarum river flow to climate change and land conversion. It will provide the flow information that required in the water resources sustainability. Saguling reservoir is one of the strategic reservoirs, which 75% water is coming from the inflow of Upper Citarum measured at Nanjung station. Climate variability was identified as rainfall variability. Sensitivity was calculated as the elasticity value of discharge using three-variate model of statistical approach. The landuse conversion was calculated used GIS at 1994 and 2004. The results showed that elasticity at the Nanjung station and Saguling station decreased from 1.59 and 1.02 to 0.68 and 0.62 respectively. The decreasing occurred in the before the dam was built period (1950-1980) to the after reservoirs operated period (1986-2008). This value indicates that: 1) Citarum river flow is more sensitive to rainfall variability that recorded at Nanjung station than Saguling station, 2) rainfall character is more difficult to predict. The landuse analysis shows that forest area decrease to ± 27% and built up area increased to ± 26%. Those implied a minimum rainfall reduction to± 8% and minimum flow to ± 46%. Those were caused by land conversion and describing that the vegetation have function to maintain the base flow for sustainable water resource infrastructure.

Permasalahan dan Strategi Pembangunan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan Studi Kasus: Cekungan Bandung Setiawan Wangsaatmaja; Arwin Sabar; Maria Angela Prasetiati
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Geological Agency

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no3.20065Environmental problems occurring in the Bandung Basin are resulted from improper management pertaining to land and spatial planning, including landuse policy and control. Arising environmental problems are covering disturbance of watershed hydrological function, surface and groundwater quality and quantity, solid waste, and air quality. Environmental studies in the Bandung Basin have been implemented by landuse change interpretation, surface water regime measurements, water quality, solid waste management, and air quality. Landuse change has occurred where some vegetation areas, such as forests and paddy fi elds, have decreased for 54% in one hand, and developed area has increased into 223% in the other hand. Watershed degradation is indicated by run off coeffi cient increasing from 0.3 in 1950 to 0.55 in 1998. Flow regime has also changed by presence of a maximum extreme discharge increasing tendency from 217.9 m3/sec in 1951 to 285.8 m3/sec in 1998, and minimum extreme discharge decreasing tendency from 6.35 m3/sec in 1951 to 5.7 m3/sec in 1998. Groundwater productivity index continued decreasing from 0.1 million m3/unit in 1900 to 0.0188 million m3/unit in 2002. Environmental problem has also occurred in a solid waste management sector where an average level of service is only 43.7%, and air pollution by motor vehicle and industrial emission, such as PM10, NOx, CO2, SO2, Pb, and acid rain phenomena have also occurred. Fresh water supply level of service in the Bandung Basin only covers 43% of the total needs. Watershed degradation occurring in the Basin needs a management system recovery, administrative based-management that shifted to ecological based integrated watershed management. Effort and strategy required include the policy and institutional reassembling, pollution control, land rehabilitation and conservation, and community empowerment.

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