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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sexually Transmitted Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in Surakarta, Indonesia Lidjaja, Lifesia Natali; Ammarilis Murastami; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Ivani; Vrenda Alia
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i2.1195

Abstract

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a significant public health concern globally, with millions of new cases occurring annually. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors associated with STIs is crucial for effective prevention and control programs. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of STIs among patients attending the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Surakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using secondary data from medical records of patients diagnosed with STIs between January 2020 and December 2023. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, clinical diagnoses, and HIV status. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 249 patients were diagnosed with STIs during the study period. The most common STI was condyloma acuminata (51%), followed by male genital discharge (18.1%), female vaginal discharge (16%), other STIs (10.9%), and genital ulcers (4%). The majority of patients were male (62.2%), aged 25-44 years (49.1%), had a high school education (49.5%), and reported heterosexual orientation (67.1%). Multiple sexual partners were reported by 62.7% of the participants, and 36.1% were HIV positive. The correlation analysis reveals that various sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors are associated with different STIs. Conclusion: Condyloma acuminata was the most prevalent STI among patients attending the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Moewardi General Hospital. The correlation analysis reveals that various sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors are associated with different STIs. Understanding these correlations can help healthcare providers identify individuals at higher risk for specific STIs and implement targeted prevention and intervention strategies. Targeted interventions focusing on these high-risk groups are needed to reduce the burden of STIs in Surakarta, Indonesia.
Single-Dose Intralesional Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Immunotherapy Induces Complete and Sustained Remission of Recalcitrant Anogenital Condylomata: A Mechanistic Case Series Azhar Arrosyid; Prasetyadi Mawardi; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Ammarilis Murastami
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i1.1472

Abstract

Background: Anogenital condylomata acuminata caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) presents a significant therapeutic challenge due to high recurrence rates after conventional cytodestructive therapies. Intralesional immunotherapy aims to induce a host-mediated immune response, offering a promising alternative. This report investigates the efficacy, safety, and immunological rationale of a novel, single-dose Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) protocol in an immunologically primed population. Methods: In this prospective case series, three immunocompetent patients with extensive, therapy-refractory anogenital condylomata were enrolled. Following a standardized protocol, each patient received a single, calculated intralesional injection of BCG vaccine into the largest index lesion. The primary outcome was complete clinical and dermoscopic clearance. Patients were evaluated at regular intervals for efficacy and safety over a 12-month follow-up period. Result: All three patients achieved complete clinical and dermoscopic clearance of both the injected and distant, untreated lesions within a rapid timeframe of 6 to 10 weeks. The treatment was well-tolerated, with adverse events limited to anticipated and transient local inflammatory reactions. No recurrences were documented in any patient during the 12-month follow-up period. Conclusion: Single-dose intralesional BCG immunotherapy appears to be a highly effective, durable, and safe therapeutic strategy for recalcitrant anogenital condylomata. The observed pan-lesional clearance strongly suggests the induction of a systemic, cell-mediated anti-HPV immune response. These compelling preliminary findings provide a strong rationale for validation through larger, randomized controlled trials.
Dose- and Time-Dependent Efficacy of Topical Hydroquinone in Establishing a C57BL/6 Mouse Model of Vitiligo Benedikta Lauda; Nurrachmat Mulianto; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Muhammad Eko Irawanto
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i1.1481

Abstract

Background: Vitiligo is a complex autoimmune depigmenting disorder driven by melanocyte-specific CD8+ T cells, oxidative stress, and genetic susceptibility. The lack of standardized, accessible animal models that recapitulate these pathways hinders therapeutic development. This study aimed to systematically optimize and validate a chemically-induced vitiligo model in C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Eighty (80) male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into ten groups (n=8/group). Experimental groups received once-daily topical applications of hydroquinone (HQ) at 2.5%, 5%, or 10%, or monobenzone (MBZ) at 40% for 8 or 16 days. Vehicle-treated mice served as controls. Efficacy was assessed via quantitative histopathology (Masson-Fontana staining for melanin area), biomolecular assays for oxidative stress (Malondialdehyde [MDA] and Superoxide Dismutase [SOD]), and RT-qPCR for melanogenesis-related (Tyr) and inflammation-related (Tnf) gene expression. Results: A clear dose- and time-dependent depigmentation was observed. The 10% HQ 16-day protocol was maximally effective, inducing a profound reduction in epidermal melanin area (0.06 ± 0.02) compared to 16-day controls (0.40 ± 0.04; p < 0.001). This histopathological finding was significantly correlated with severe cutaneous oxidative stress, evidenced by a 3.75-fold increase in MDA (p < 0.001) and a 50% reduction in SOD activity (p < 0.001) versus controls. Furthermore, this regimen caused a potent suppression of Tyr expression (0.15-fold change; p < 0.001) and a significant upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Tnf (3.8-fold change; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The 16-day topical application of 10% hydroquinone is a reliable, rapid, and highly reproducible protocol for inducing vitiligo-like depigmentation in C57BL/6 mice. This model successfully recapitulates key pathophysiological pillars of human vitiligo, including melanocytotoxicity, profound oxidative stress, and a pro-inflammatory cutaneous environment, establishing it as a valuable platform for preclinical therapeutic screening.