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Platelet-Rich Plasma-Derived Exosomes Modulate Follicular Regeneration: A Comparative Mechanistic Analysis with Minoxidil in a Preclinical Model of Androgenetic Alopecia Trya Oktaviani; Arie Kusumawardani; Suci Widhiati; Nugrohoaji Dharmawan; Endra Yustin Ellistasari
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 11 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i11.1437

Background: The therapeutic armamentarium for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is limited, with variable efficacy and potential side effects associated with standard treatments like minoxidil. Platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes (PRP-Exo) represent a novel acellular strategy, offering a concentrated payload of regenerative biomolecules. This study aimed to rigorously evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of PRP-Exo, as a monotherapy and in combination with minoxidil, in a validated murine model of AGA. Methods: A parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, controlled experimental study was conducted. Thirty-two male C57BL/6 mice with testosterone-induced AGA were randomized (n=8/group) to one of four groups: Negative Control (NC), Positive Control (PC; 5% topical minoxidil), Treatment 1 (T1; intradermal PRP-Exo), or Treatment 2 (T2; combination of PRP-Exo and minoxidil). PRP-Exo were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, and ELISA for marker proteins. After a 14-day treatment period, efficacy was assessed via hair follicle density (HFD), anagen-to-telogen (A/T) ratio, and hair shaft thickness. Mechanistic insight was obtained by quantifying tissue protein levels of Ki-67 and β-catenin by ELISA. Results: All active treatments significantly improved hair regeneration compared to the NC group. The combination therapy (T2) demonstrated the most profound effects across all metrics, showing statistically superior outcomes compared to both minoxidil (PC) and PRP-Exo (T1) monotherapies in HFD (65.8 ± 12.1 vs. 36.2 ± 8.5 and 47.3 ± 10.4 follicles/mm², respectively; p<0.01). Furthermore, T2 treatment led to the highest A/T ratio and hair shaft thickness. ELISA revealed that T2 treatment also resulted in the highest tissue concentrations of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and the Wnt pathway protein β-catenin, suggesting enhanced mitogenic activity and modulation of key developmental pathways. Conclusion: PRP-Exo is a potent hair regenerative agent, significantly outperforming minoxidil in this preclinical model. The combination of PRP-Exo and minoxidil exhibits a synergistic effect, promoting superior follicular regeneration by concurrently stimulating tissue proliferation and upregulating key components of the anagen-promoting Wnt signaling pathway. These findings underscore the significant clinical potential of PRP-Exo as a next-generation therapy for AGA.

UVB-Induced Oxidative Collapse and Melanogenic Activation in a Rat Model of Cutaneous Hyperpigmentation: A Multi-Parametric Analysis Sesia Pradestine; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Nurrachmat Mulianto; Indah Julianto; Muhammad Eko Irawanto; Nugrohoaji Dharmawan
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 11 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i11.1442

Background: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is a primary driver of cutaneous hyperpigmentation disorders, with oxidative stress recognized as a key pathogenic mechanism. However, a comprehensive, multi-level characterization of the causal link between chronic UVB exposure and the resulting oxidative, histological, and melanogenic responses is needed. This study aimed to quantitatively validate a preclinical model of UVB-induced hyperpigmentation by characterizing the reciprocal regulation of key oxidative stress biomarkers and correlating these changes with objective histological evidence of hyperpigmentation. Methods: This controlled in vivo experimental study used 14 male Sprague Dawley rats, divided into a control group (KN; n=7) and a UVB-exposed group (KP; n=7). The KP group received chronic UVB radiation (300 mJ/cm² daily, 5 days/week for 4 weeks). Dorsal skin tissue was harvested for analysis. Oxidative stress was assessed by quantifying malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels via ELISA. Hyperpigmentation was objectively validated and quantified using Fontana-Masson staining for melanin deposition and immunohistochemistry for microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Results: Chronic UVB exposure induced significant hyperpigmentation, confirmed by a 5.8-fold increase in epidermal melanin content (p < 0.001) and a 4.1-fold increase in the number of MITF-positive melanocytes (p < 0.001) in the KP group. This was accompanied by a profound oxidative imbalance: MDA levels increased by 7.5-fold (p < 0.001), while the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx decreased by 80.5%, 65.2%, and 71.4%, respectively (all p < 0.001). A strong negative correlation was observed between MDA and all antioxidant enzymes, particularly SOD (r = -0.985, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Chronic UVB exposure directly triggers a collapse of the cutaneous antioxidant network, leading to severe lipid peroxidation. This state of profound oxidative stress is causally linked to melanocyte activation and excessive melanin synthesis, driving the hyperpigmentation phenotype. This robustly validated preclinical model provides a powerful platform for investigating the molecular pathophysiology of UVB-induced pigmentary disorders and for evaluating novel therapeutic interventions.

Single-Dose Intralesional Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Immunotherapy Induces Complete and Sustained Remission of Recalcitrant Anogenital Condylomata: A Mechanistic Case Series Azhar Arrosyid; Prasetyadi Mawardi; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Ammarilis Murastami
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i1.1472

Background: Anogenital condylomata acuminata caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) presents a significant therapeutic challenge due to high recurrence rates after conventional cytodestructive therapies. Intralesional immunotherapy aims to induce a host-mediated immune response, offering a promising alternative. This report investigates the efficacy, safety, and immunological rationale of a novel, single-dose Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) protocol in an immunologically primed population. Methods: In this prospective case series, three immunocompetent patients with extensive, therapy-refractory anogenital condylomata were enrolled. Following a standardized protocol, each patient received a single, calculated intralesional injection of BCG vaccine into the largest index lesion. The primary outcome was complete clinical and dermoscopic clearance. Patients were evaluated at regular intervals for efficacy and safety over a 12-month follow-up period. Result: All three patients achieved complete clinical and dermoscopic clearance of both the injected and distant, untreated lesions within a rapid timeframe of 6 to 10 weeks. The treatment was well-tolerated, with adverse events limited to anticipated and transient local inflammatory reactions. No recurrences were documented in any patient during the 12-month follow-up period. Conclusion: Single-dose intralesional BCG immunotherapy appears to be a highly effective, durable, and safe therapeutic strategy for recalcitrant anogenital condylomata. The observed pan-lesional clearance strongly suggests the induction of a systemic, cell-mediated anti-HPV immune response. These compelling preliminary findings provide a strong rationale for validation through larger, randomized controlled trials.

Dose- and Time-Dependent Efficacy of Topical Hydroquinone in Establishing a C57BL/6 Mouse Model of Vitiligo Benedikta Lauda; Nurrachmat Mulianto; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Muhammad Eko Irawanto
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i1.1481

Background: Vitiligo is a complex autoimmune depigmenting disorder driven by melanocyte-specific CD8+ T cells, oxidative stress, and genetic susceptibility. The lack of standardized, accessible animal models that recapitulate these pathways hinders therapeutic development. This study aimed to systematically optimize and validate a chemically-induced vitiligo model in C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Eighty (80) male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into ten groups (n=8/group). Experimental groups received once-daily topical applications of hydroquinone (HQ) at 2.5%, 5%, or 10%, or monobenzone (MBZ) at 40% for 8 or 16 days. Vehicle-treated mice served as controls. Efficacy was assessed via quantitative histopathology (Masson-Fontana staining for melanin area), biomolecular assays for oxidative stress (Malondialdehyde [MDA] and Superoxide Dismutase [SOD]), and RT-qPCR for melanogenesis-related (Tyr) and inflammation-related (Tnf) gene expression. Results: A clear dose- and time-dependent depigmentation was observed. The 10% HQ 16-day protocol was maximally effective, inducing a profound reduction in epidermal melanin area (0.06 ± 0.02) compared to 16-day controls (0.40 ± 0.04; p < 0.001). This histopathological finding was significantly correlated with severe cutaneous oxidative stress, evidenced by a 3.75-fold increase in MDA (p < 0.001) and a 50% reduction in SOD activity (p < 0.001) versus controls. Furthermore, this regimen caused a potent suppression of Tyr expression (0.15-fold change; p < 0.001) and a significant upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Tnf (3.8-fold change; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The 16-day topical application of 10% hydroquinone is a reliable, rapid, and highly reproducible protocol for inducing vitiligo-like depigmentation in C57BL/6 mice. This model successfully recapitulates key pathophysiological pillars of human vitiligo, including melanocytotoxicity, profound oxidative stress, and a pro-inflammatory cutaneous environment, establishing it as a valuable platform for preclinical therapeutic screening.

Intralesional Mumps, Measles, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine as Therapy for Recurrent Condyloma Acuminata: A Case Report Sambodo, Shelly Lavenia; Prasetyadi Mawardi; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Ammarilis Murastami
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 8 No. 10 (2024): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v8i10.1092

Background: Condyloma acuminata (CA), a prevalent sexually transmitted infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), presents challenges in treatment due to its high recurrence rate. While various treatment modalities exist, intralesional immunotherapy with the mumps, measles, rubella (MMR) vaccine has shown promise in managing HPV-related conditions. This case report investigates intralesional MMR vaccine in treating recurrent CA. Case presentation: A 24-year-old female presented with recurrent CA lesions on the labia majora and perianal region. Despite prior treatment with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), the lesions had reappeared. Intralesional MMR vaccine injections were administered twice, one month apart, resulting in complete lesion resolution within six weeks of the second injection. No recurrence was observed during a six-month follow-up period, and the patient reported only mild, transient pain at the injection sites. Conclusion: This case report highlights the potential of intralesional MMR vaccine as an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for recurrent CA. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and establish optimal treatment protocols.

Intralesional Mumps, Measles, Rubella (MMR) Vaccine as Therapy for Recurrent Condyloma Acuminata: A Case Report Sambodo, Shelly Lavenia; Prasetyadi Mawardi; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Ammarilis Murastami
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 8 No. 10 (2024): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v8i10.1092

Background: Condyloma acuminata (CA), a prevalent sexually transmitted infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), presents challenges in treatment due to its high recurrence rate. While various treatment modalities exist, intralesional immunotherapy with the mumps, measles, rubella (MMR) vaccine has shown promise in managing HPV-related conditions. This case report investigates intralesional MMR vaccine in treating recurrent CA. Case presentation: A 24-year-old female presented with recurrent CA lesions on the labia majora and perianal region. Despite prior treatment with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), the lesions had reappeared. Intralesional MMR vaccine injections were administered twice, one month apart, resulting in complete lesion resolution within six weeks of the second injection. No recurrence was observed during a six-month follow-up period, and the patient reported only mild, transient pain at the injection sites. Conclusion: This case report highlights the potential of intralesional MMR vaccine as an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for recurrent CA. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and establish optimal treatment protocols.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sexually Transmitted Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in Surakarta, Indonesia Lidjaja, Lifesia Natali; Ammarilis Murastami; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Ivani; Vrenda Alia
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i2.1195

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a significant public health concern globally, with millions of new cases occurring annually. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors associated with STIs is crucial for effective prevention and control programs. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of STIs among patients attending the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Surakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using secondary data from medical records of patients diagnosed with STIs between January 2020 and December 2023. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, clinical diagnoses, and HIV status. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 249 patients were diagnosed with STIs during the study period. The most common STI was condyloma acuminata (51%), followed by male genital discharge (18.1%), female vaginal discharge (16%), other STIs (10.9%), and genital ulcers (4%). The majority of patients were male (62.2%), aged 25-44 years (49.1%), had a high school education (49.5%), and reported heterosexual orientation (67.1%). Multiple sexual partners were reported by 62.7% of the participants, and 36.1% were HIV positive. The correlation analysis reveals that various sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors are associated with different STIs. Conclusion: Condyloma acuminata was the most prevalent STI among patients attending the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Moewardi General Hospital. The correlation analysis reveals that various sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors are associated with different STIs. Understanding these correlations can help healthcare providers identify individuals at higher risk for specific STIs and implement targeted prevention and intervention strategies. Targeted interventions focusing on these high-risk groups are needed to reduce the burden of STIs in Surakarta, Indonesia.

Single-Dose Intralesional Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Immunotherapy Induces Complete and Sustained Remission of Recalcitrant Anogenital Condylomata: A Mechanistic Case Series Azhar Arrosyid; Prasetyadi Mawardi; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Ammarilis Murastami
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i1.1472

Background: Anogenital condylomata acuminata caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) presents a significant therapeutic challenge due to high recurrence rates after conventional cytodestructive therapies. Intralesional immunotherapy aims to induce a host-mediated immune response, offering a promising alternative. This report investigates the efficacy, safety, and immunological rationale of a novel, single-dose Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) protocol in an immunologically primed population. Methods: In this prospective case series, three immunocompetent patients with extensive, therapy-refractory anogenital condylomata were enrolled. Following a standardized protocol, each patient received a single, calculated intralesional injection of BCG vaccine into the largest index lesion. The primary outcome was complete clinical and dermoscopic clearance. Patients were evaluated at regular intervals for efficacy and safety over a 12-month follow-up period. Result: All three patients achieved complete clinical and dermoscopic clearance of both the injected and distant, untreated lesions within a rapid timeframe of 6 to 10 weeks. The treatment was well-tolerated, with adverse events limited to anticipated and transient local inflammatory reactions. No recurrences were documented in any patient during the 12-month follow-up period. Conclusion: Single-dose intralesional BCG immunotherapy appears to be a highly effective, durable, and safe therapeutic strategy for recalcitrant anogenital condylomata. The observed pan-lesional clearance strongly suggests the induction of a systemic, cell-mediated anti-HPV immune response. These compelling preliminary findings provide a strong rationale for validation through larger, randomized controlled trials.

Dose- and Time-Dependent Efficacy of Topical Hydroquinone in Establishing a C57BL/6 Mouse Model of Vitiligo Benedikta Lauda; Nurrachmat Mulianto; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Muhammad Eko Irawanto
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v10i1.1481

Background: Vitiligo is a complex autoimmune depigmenting disorder driven by melanocyte-specific CD8+ T cells, oxidative stress, and genetic susceptibility. The lack of standardized, accessible animal models that recapitulate these pathways hinders therapeutic development. This study aimed to systematically optimize and validate a chemically-induced vitiligo model in C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Eighty (80) male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into ten groups (n=8/group). Experimental groups received once-daily topical applications of hydroquinone (HQ) at 2.5%, 5%, or 10%, or monobenzone (MBZ) at 40% for 8 or 16 days. Vehicle-treated mice served as controls. Efficacy was assessed via quantitative histopathology (Masson-Fontana staining for melanin area), biomolecular assays for oxidative stress (Malondialdehyde [MDA] and Superoxide Dismutase [SOD]), and RT-qPCR for melanogenesis-related (Tyr) and inflammation-related (Tnf) gene expression. Results: A clear dose- and time-dependent depigmentation was observed. The 10% HQ 16-day protocol was maximally effective, inducing a profound reduction in epidermal melanin area (0.06 ± 0.02) compared to 16-day controls (0.40 ± 0.04; p < 0.001). This histopathological finding was significantly correlated with severe cutaneous oxidative stress, evidenced by a 3.75-fold increase in MDA (p < 0.001) and a 50% reduction in SOD activity (p < 0.001) versus controls. Furthermore, this regimen caused a potent suppression of Tyr expression (0.15-fold change; p < 0.001) and a significant upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Tnf (3.8-fold change; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The 16-day topical application of 10% hydroquinone is a reliable, rapid, and highly reproducible protocol for inducing vitiligo-like depigmentation in C57BL/6 mice. This model successfully recapitulates key pathophysiological pillars of human vitiligo, including melanocytotoxicity, profound oxidative stress, and a pro-inflammatory cutaneous environment, establishing it as a valuable platform for preclinical therapeutic screening.

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