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All Journal International Journal of Renewable Energy Development JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Alchemy : Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Kimia Riset Science and Technology Indonesia Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Communications in Science and Technology Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Sains dan Matematika Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology Jurnal Pijar MIPA Unesa Journal of Chemistry Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia
Pirim Setiarso
Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics Social Sciences

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Optimizing Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Performance through Synergistic Natural Dye Combinations from Beta vulgaris L., Curcuma longa L., and Pandanus amaryllifolius Kusumawati, Nita; Setiarso, Pirim; Muslim, Supari; Zakiyah, Nafisatus; Rahmawati, Khofifatul; Fachrirakarsie, Fadlurachman Faizal
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.93830

Abstract

This study optimizes dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) performance using a combination of natural dye components extracted from Beta vulgaris L. (beetroot), Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), and Pandanus amaryllifolius (pandanus leaf). These plants were selected for their natural pigments—betacyanin, curcuminoids, and chlorophyll—which potentially act as DSSC sensitizers. Dyes were extracted via maceration with ethanol solvent (1:6 sample:solvent ratio) for 24 h. Filtrates were combined in various ratios to test DSSC performance. The optimal C4 dye combination, with a 2:1:1 ratio (betacyanin:curcumin:chlorophyll), demonstrated the best performance. The UV-vis analysis revealed complex interactions and synergistic effects among dye combinations, characterized by increased light absorption in the 400–700 nm range. Cyclic voltammetry analysis showed favorable energy band gap values, confirming the pigments' suitability for DSSC applications. FTIR analysis confirmed the stable coexistence of the three dyes without new bond formation. Photovoltaic performance testing showed the C4 three-dye combination achieved the highest energy conversion efficiency of 3.57%. These results demonstrate the potential of this dye combination to contribute to the development of sustainable and efficient solar energy conversion in DSSCs.
Optimization of Radiation and Electric Current Storage in a Dye-Sensitized Solar-Cell System Based FTO/TiO2 /Acy/PVDF/C/FTO Modules for Electrical Equipment Applications Kurniawan, Muhammad Ridho Hafid; Cahyani, Sinta Anjas; Kusumawati, Nita; Setiarso, Pirim; Muslim, Supari
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.2.574-587

Abstract

Indonesia has an electrification rate exceeding 99% as of 2020, yet it faces increasing electricity demands amid declining fossil fuel availability. Solar energy, particularly through DSSC, presents a promising renewable alternative, benefiting from an abundant radiation potential of up to 120.000 TW. DSSC have garnered significant attention due to their thin design, high efficiency, ease of fabrication, and environmental friendliness. The DSSC module was designed using two FTO glass plates as electrodes, with an anode surface area of 3 cm2. The TiO2 photoanode was prepared using a casting knife technique and then sintered at 450°C for one hour. This was followed by sensitization with anthocyanin dye derived from the butterfly pea flower under acidic conditions for 24 hours to ensure the stability of the compound. The electrolyte system consisted of PVDF NF membranes soaked in the electrolyte    solution for one hour to prevent leakage, thus completing the FTO/TiO2/PVDF/C/FTO system. Performance optimization involved arranging 20 DSSC cells in a mixed series-parallel circuit configuration. Electrical parameters were measured using a multimeter under various lamp irradiation durations. The optimal efficiency was achieved with 5 hours of irradiation, resulting in 2.050 mV and 23.5 x 10-3 µA. When integrated into a battery system, the DSSC module demonstrated effective current storage stability over 6 hours, indicating strong potential for practical implementation in sustainable energy generation for real-world applications. 
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN HAND SANITIZER BERBASIS BAHAN ALAM UNTUK MENDUKUNG PROTOKOL KESEHATAN DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19 Maharani, Dina Kartika; Kusumawati, Nita; Setiarso, Pirim; Sanjaya, IGM; Monica, Maria; Samik, Samik; Safitri, Rizka Dwi; Nurzulla, Weka Firda Rizki; Rhamdiyah, Fastabiqul Khairati; Ramadanti, Awanda Halida; Naulia, Kaila; Lailiyah, Nur
Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 6, No 1 (2023): Kumawula: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/kumawula.v6i1.39267

Abstract

Pandemi Covid-19 menuntut masyarakat untuk selalu menerapkan protokol kesehatan terutama jika berada di luar rumah atau saat berada di kerumunan. Salah satunya yang gencar disosialisaikan adalah mencuci tangan dengan sabun atau menggunakan hand sanitizer. Kebiasaan baru ini meningkatkan kebutuhan hand sanitizer yang tinggi di pasaran. Hand sanitizer yang sudah ada di pasaran umumnya realtif cukup mahal dan berbasis alkohol yang kurang ramah lingkungan. Oleh karena itu perlu diadakan pelatihan pembuatan hand sanitizer berbasis bahan alam sebagai bentuk edukasi kepada masyarakat untuk memperoleh hand sanitizer yang murah dan ramah lingkungan. Pelatihan diikuti oleh peserta yang mayoritas berdomisili di wilayah Driyorejo, Gresik. Tujuan diadakannya pelatihan ini adalah agar warga Driyorejo, Gresik yang mayoritas bekerja di bidang industri memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan untuk membuat hand sanitizer secara mandiri dari bahan yang mudah diperoleh di sekitar rumah.  Bahan alam yang digunakan yaitu daun kemangi dan daun sirih, serta diberikan juga pelatihan untuk pembuatan hand sanitizer alkohol dalam sediaanspray dan gel. Kegiatan pelatihan dilakukan pada 4 September 2021 secara webinar, penyampaian materi dilakukan melalui Zoom. Pelatihan  dilaksanakan dengan peserta sebanyak 87 orang. Kepada 20 peserta diberikan kesempatan untuk membuat hand sanitizer sendiri di rumah dengan mempraktikkan ilmu yang telah didapatkan dari pelatihan. Sebagai bahan evaluasi, peserta diwajibkan mengirimkan video saat proses pembuatan. Hasil evaluasi kegiatan pelatihan hand sanitizer menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Driyorejo telah terampil membuat hand sanitizer alami maupun berbasis alkohol.
Fabrication of Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Nanobentonite and Nano TiO₂ for Tartrazine Analysis by Cyclic Voltammetry Indah, Rahmalia; Setiarso, Pirim
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9281

Abstract

Tartrazine is a synthetic dye widely used in food products, and its usage needs to be strictly controlled due to potential adverse health effects. One of the methods employed to analyze tartrazine levels is cyclic voltammetry. This study modified carbon paste electrodes by incorporating bentonite and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles to achieve a low detection limit. This research aimed to investigate the effect of the working electrode composition consisting of carbon, bentonite nanoparticles, TiO₂ nanoparticles, and paraffin on the peak current response in the analysis of tartrazine, as well as to determine optimal measurement conditions, namely composition and pH. Bentonite nanoparticles were synthesized using the sonochemical method, while TiO₂ nanoparticles in the anatase phase were obtained commercially. Material characterization was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The electrode was optimized with a composition ratio 3:4:1:2 (carbon:nanobentonite: nano TiO₂:paraffin), resulting in a cathodic peak current of -5,43 × 10⁻⁵ A. The optimal conditions for tartrazine detection were found to be at pH 7. This study demonstrates the potential of nanomaterial-modified carbon paste electrodes for developing low-cost, sensitive, and eco-friendly electrochemical sensors, which can be applied to monitor synthetic dyes in food safety control rapidly.
Cyclic Voltammetric Analysis of Retinol in Facial Serum Putra, Ananta Adita Eka; Setiarso, Pirim
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9397

Abstract

Retinol is an active compound within the retinoid group, derived from vitamin A and characterized by the presence of a cyclohexenyl ring structure. It is commonly incorporated into cosmetic formulations, particularly facial serums. To ensure product safety and efficacy, facial serums containing retinol must comply with established concentration limits to avoid overclaiming. Various analytical methods have been developed and utilized to determine retinol concentration. This research focuses on determining the amount of retinol present in facial serum by employing the cyclic voltammetry technique.. Cyclic voltammetry is an electrochemical method employed to evaluate the activity of specific compounds in solution by measuring the current generated between two electrodes as a function of the applied potential, which is cyclically varied from an initial to a final value and back again. In this study, the analysis was performed using a carbon paste electrode modified with ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticles in a ratio of 3:2:3:2. The measurement of retinol in facial serum was carried out using a 5000 ppm KCl solution as the supporting electrolyte, phosphate buffer solution at pH 5, a deposition time of 20 seconds, and a scan rate of 0.25 V/s. The retinol concentration in the serum samples was determined based on a standard calibration curve described by the linear equation y = 0.0000355x + 0.00137, with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.99979, indicating excellent linearity. Based on the calibration curve, the retinol concentrations in the facial serum samples were found to be 0.023% for brand A, 0.021% for brand B, and 0.022% for brand C with a LoD value of 0.001 ppm and a LoQ value of 0.003 ppm. The findings indicate that cyclic voltammetry has the potential to be widely applied in routine quality control within the cosmetic industry, offering an efficient and cost-effective analytical solution to ensure the stability and effectiveness of active ingredients in cosmetic products.
Nano Titanium(IV) Oxide Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Analysis of Butylated Hydroxytoluene Concentration in Lotion by Cyclic Voltammetry Rosyiidah, Nur Anisa; Setiarso, Pirim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.87398

Abstract

This research focuses on the manufacture and application of TiO2 NPs modified carbon paste electrodes (TiO2 NPs-CPE) to analyze butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) concentration in lotions by cyclic voltammetry. This study aimed to determine the best composition of TiO2 NPs-CPE, optimal addition of phosphate buffer pH, application of deposition time, and optimal scan rate by cyclic voltammetry. BHT solution was used to determine the electrode with the best conditions so that an optimal voltammogram was obtained at a composition of 3:5:2 electrode (carbon:TiO2 NPs:paraffin oil), phosphate buffer pH 8, deposition time of 25 s, and scan rate of 100 mV s−1. Obtaining BHT levels of samples A, B, and C with TiO2 NPs-CPE by cyclic voltammetry were 0.4686, 0.48029, and 0.39044%, while the concentration of samples in HPLC were 0.46873, 0.48111, and 0.39191%. A significance value of 0.985 (> 0.05) was obtained, meaning there was no significant difference in the results of measuring the concentration of BHT in the lotion samples.
Optimizing Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Efficiency with a Triple Blend of Caesalpinia sappan L., Dracaena angustifolia, and Clitoria ternatea L. Kusumawati, Nita; Rahmawati, Khofifatul; Setiarso, Pirim; Muslim, Supari; Zakiyah, Nafisatus; Fachrirakarsie, Fadlurachman Faizal
Molekul Vol 20 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2025.20.1.12063

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) offer a promising sustainable solution to global electricity challenges by converting sunlight into electricity using photosensitive dyes. This study explores the performance of DSSCs using natural dyes from sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan L.), pandan leaves (Dracaena angustifolia), and telang flowers (Clitoria ternatea L.). Extraction of the dyes was done through maceration, with combinations made in single, double, and triple-component blends. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed increased light absorption in the 400-700 nm range. Combination F5 uniquely showed absorption peaks at 534.22, 573.64, 619.12, and 664.21 nm, which were affected by nine conjugated double bonds and electron transfer from C=C and carbonyl groups. Comparative band gap energy analysis showed that the triple-blending dyes exhibited the lowest energy range of 0.3392-0.4469 eV, compared to the double dye (0.4549-0.5778 eV) and single dye (0.4541-0.6248 eV), indicating better light harvesting ability. FTIR analysis confirmed the chemical structure of the dye. Prominent spectroscopic features include a broad band of 3332 cm-1 for hydroxyl groups, peaks at 2919 cm-1 and 1732 cm-1 representing alkane and carboxyl groups in cellulose, and an aromatic lignin C=C stretch at 1672 cm-1. The optimized F5 blend (1:2:1 ratio) achieved the highest solar cell efficiency of 3.24% with a band gap of 0.3392 eV. These results validate the potential of natural dye blends as DSSC sensitizers, showing enhanced absorption spectrum, improved stability, and increased electric current generation. Keywords: Dye-sensitized solar cells, Triple-component blending, Caesalpinia sappan L., Dracaena angustifolia, Clitoria ternatea L.
Modification of a Carbon Paste Sensor with TiO₂ and ZnO Nanoparticles for the Cyclic Voltammetric Detection of Retinol Putra, Ananta Adita Eka; Setiarso, Pirim
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 6 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 6 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.6.327-335

Abstract

Retinol, a compound belonging to the retinoid group derived from vitamin A, is widely used in cosmetic formulations due to its proven efficacy in skin care. Analytical determination of retinol is commonly performed using conventional techniques such as HPLC and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. An alternative analytical method that offers potential yet remains underexplored is cyclic voltammetry. In this study, a cyclic voltammetry method for retinol analysis was developed using a modified carbon paste working electrode. The modification was done by adding ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles to improve the electrode’s sensitivity. The sol-gel technique was employed to produce ZnO nanoparticles, which were then analyzed for their characteristics using several instruments, namely XRD, SEM, and FTIR. TiO2 nanoparticles were also subjected to characterization. The results of the study on ZnO nanoparticle synthesis demonstrated an average particle size measuring 30.5 nm. The optimum electrode composition was obtained at a ratio of 3:2:3:2 (Carbon: ZnO Nanoparticles: TiO2 Nanoparticles: Paraffin), producing an anodic peak current (IpA) of 4.58 × 10−3 A under optimum pH conditions at pH 7. As the generated peak current increases, the conductivity increases, as electron transfer for the reduction and oxidation processes becomes more facile. Applying this method to retinol analysis in brands X, Y, and Z facial serums yielded retinol contents of 0.00450 ppm, 0.00464 ppm, and 0.00427 ppm. The voltammetric method showed a LoD = 0.001029 ppm and LoQ = 0.003430 ppm, respectively. These results indicate that a ZnO and TiO2 modified carbon paste electrode is an effective tool for analyzing retinol by cyclic voltammetry.
Co-Authors A'yun, Qurrota Andianita, Tri Dyah Ashabul Kahfi Ashabul Kahfi, Ashabul Ayu Ilfiana Buchari Buchari Cahyani, Sinta Anjas Didin Mujahidin Dina Kartika Maharani Eka Candra Saputra Elsa Rishda Hariningtias ERLITA PUTRI, PUPUT Estiningtyas, Indri Wasa Fachrirakarsie, Fadlurachman Faizal Fajrin, Aisyah Rahmatul Fatihah, Vita Ayu Febriyana, Andini Hafidha, Qonita Arky Harsono, Rifanda Viantiano Hery Widijanto I GUST MADE SANJAYA Ihda Shoumi Nurdini Indah Tri Wahyuni Indah, Rahmalia Indra Noviandri INGGRIANI, FIRMA Khoiriyah, Nuril Kurniawan, Muhammad Ridho Hafid Lenny Yuanita Maria Monica Sianita MAY LUKMANA, KUMININGSIH Monica, Maria Mulyono, Dymarda Indra Santoso Nafisatus Zakiyah Naulia, Kaila Nerry Puspita Sari Nita Kusumawati Nita Kusumawati Nuril Khoiriyah Nurzulla, Weka Firda Rizki Perdana, Raga Agung Putra, Ananta Adita Eka Putri, Marinda Mayliansarisyah Rahayu, Nunik Tri Rahmawati, Khofifatul RAIDAH RUSNADI, WINDA Ramadanti, Awanda Halida Rhamdiyah, Fastabiqul Khairati Rimbi Rodiyana Sova Riska Nur Safitri, Riska Nur Rosyiidah, Nur Anisa Safitri, Rizka Dwi Samik Samik Samik Samik Sanjaya, IGM Sinta Anjas Cahyani Supari Muslim Supari Muslim Suyatno Sutoyo Taufik Hidayatulloh Tukiran Tukiran Wachid, Rochman Wahono Widodo Zakiyah, Nafisatus