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Tanggung Jawab Hukum Rumah Sakit Berdasarkan Pasal 193 UU Kesehatan dalam Peristiwa Bayi Tertukar Kurnia, Margaretha; Simandjutak, Marcella Elwina; Asmara, Gregorius Yoga Panji
Soepra Jurnal Hukum Kesehatan Vol 10, No 2: Desember 2024
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24167/sjhk.v10i2.12214

Peristiwa bayi tertukar di sebuah rumah sakit menimbulkan sengketa medis antara pihak pasien dan rumah sakit. Kewajiban rumah sakit sebagai subjek hukum dalam hubungan hukum antara rumah sakit dan pasien pada peristiwa tersebut menimbulkan konsekuensi timbulnya tanggung jawab rumah sakit. Tanggung jawab hukum rumah sakit dalam upaya pelayanan kesehatan saat ini dinyatakan dalam Pasal 193 UU Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Dugaan adanya unsur tindak pidana dalam peristiwa ini menimbulkan pertanyaan sejauh mana batas pertanggungjawaban pidana pimpinan rumah sakit dan bagaimana pertanggungjawaban badan hukum penyelenggara rumah sakit dalam peristiwa hukum bayi tertukar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui batas pertanggungjawaban pidana pimpinan rumah sakit dan pertanggungjawaban badan hukum penyelenggara rumah sakit dalam peristiwa hukum bayi tertukar di rumah sakit.Metodologi penelitian adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan undang-undang, pendekatan konseptual, dan terutama melalui pendekatan kasus dalam peristiwa bayi tertukar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian preskriptif. Pengumpulan data didapat dari data primer melalui indepth interview pada responden penelitian dan data sekunder. Analisa data menggunakan analisa data kualitatif.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa batas pertanggungjawaban pidana pimpinan rumah sakit dalam peristiwa hukum bayi tertukar di rumah sakit belum jelas, karena kata “semua” pada Pasal 193 UU 17/2023 belum mencerminkan makna lex certa pada asas legalitas bahwa undang-undang harus dirumuskan dengan terperinci dan cermat. Badan hukum penyelenggara rumah sakit dalam peristiwa hukum bayi tertukar bertanggung jawab secara perdata, namun tidak dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawaban pidananya karena dugaan tindak pidana bukan merupakan tindak pidana korporasi. Untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum dan kepastian hukum bagi seluruh subjek hukum dalam peristiwa ini diperlukan penambahan norma jenis tindak pidana yang dipertanggungjawabkan secara vicarious liability pada UU Kesehatan dan UU KUHP yang akan datang. Abstract: The incident of a switched baby at a hospital has led to a medical dispute between the patient and the hospital. The hospital’s obligation as a legal subject in the legal relationship between the hospital and the patient in this incident results in the hospital's responsibility. The hospital's legal responsibility in healthcare services is currently outlined in Article 193 of Health Law Number 17/2023. The suspicion of criminal elements in this incident raises the question of the extent of criminal liability of the hospital director and the legal responsibility of the corporate in the case of switched baby.The research aims to understand the limits of the hospital director’s criminal responsibility and corporate legal responsibility in the switched baby incident at the hospital.The research methodology is juridical-empirical with an approach to the law, a conceptual approach, and particularly through a case approach to the switched baby incident. This is a prescriptive study. Data collection was collected through primary data via in-depth interviews with research respondents and secondary data. Data analysis used qualitative data analysis.The research concludes that the limits of the hospital director’s criminal liability in the switched baby incident are unclear because the term "all" in Article 193 of Law 17/2023 does not reflect the principle of lex certa in the legality principle, which states that laws should be formulated in detail and carefully. The corporation organizing the hospital in the switched baby incident is responsible civilly, but cannot be held criminally liable because the alleged crime is not a corporate crime. To provide legal protection and certainty for all legal subjects involved in this incident, it is necessary to add norms regarding criminal acts accountable through vicarious liability in the upcoming Health Law and the Criminal Code

FULFILLING THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION FOR DETAINEES AT THE SEMARANG IMMIGRATION DETENTION CENTER Simandjuntak, Marcella Elwina; Saraswati, Rika; Wahyati, Endang; Sarwo, Budi; Rahman, Arief
Jurnal Komunikasi dan Media Vol 5, No 2: Mei 2025
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24167/jkm.v5i2.13404

Detainees are those who are currently undergoing a detention process for violating Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration. They are in Indonesian territory without valid travel documents or residence permits, or their residence permits are no longer valid. This research aims to determine the fulfillment of communication and information rights services (for Detainee) during the pandemic and post-pandemic COVID-19 and the obstacles in implementing these services. The method used in the research is a qualitative method approach with an analytical descriptive. The data used are primary and secondary. Primary data was collected by conducting interviews with Rudenim Semarang officers. Secondary data was collected by conducting literature studies. The research results show that the right to information and communication for Detainees is provided both during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-COVID-19 Pandemic, which includes the right to information regarding the continuation of cases faced by Detainees given by forwarding information to Detainees regarding the extent to which Rudenim communicated with the Detainee's country of origin to return the Detainee to his country. The right to communication is exercised by providing a teleconference room that Detainees can use to contact colleagues or relatives via the Internet. The obstacle is the complaint from the Detainee about the time limitation during video calls and the extended response from the Detainee's country/government of origin.

Penyelesaian Kasus Kelalaian Medis yang Dilakukan Dokter Penanggungjawab Pelayanan (DPJP) Atas Pelimpahan Kewenangan di Rumah Sakit (Studi Kasus di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Nganjuk) Yulihartono, Prima Heru; Simandjutak, Marcella Elwina; Asmara, Gregorius Yoga Panji
Soepra Jurnal Hukum Kesehatan Vol 11, No 1: Juni 2025
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24167/sjhk.v11i1.11874

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis penyelesaian kasus kelalaian medis pada pelimpahan kewenangan yang dilakukan oleh dokter penanggung jawab pelayanan di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Nganjuk yang berupa mandat dari dokter spesialis ke dokter umum; mengetahui dan menganalisis pertanggungjawaban atas kelalaian medis yang dilakukan oleh dokter dapat berupa pidana, perdata dan administrasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Adapun spesifikasi penelitiannya adalah deskriptif analisis dan preskriptif analisis. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan studi pustaka. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1) Penyelesaian kasus kelalaian medis yang terjadi di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Nganjuk diselesaikan dengan cara kekeluargaan dengan keluarga Pasien dan dilaksanakan melalui negosiasi di luar pengadilan. Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara melakukan evaluasi dan audit medik, Dokter spesialis dinyatakan lalai karena tidak menanggapi pesan dokter jaga karena tertidur. 2) Bahwa pertanggungjawaban atas kelalaian medis yang dilakukan oleh dokter penanggungjawab pelayanan atas pelimpahan kewenangan pelayanan di rumah sakit Bhayangkara Nganjuk hasil pemeriksaan dari Komite Etik Rumah Sakit adalah kepada Dokter diberikan sanksi berupa teguran tertulis sebagai akibat dari kelalaian yang dilakukan sehingga menyebabkan meninggalnya pasien. Namun demikian, dari hasil pemeriksaan tidak ditemukan pelanggaran prosedur dalam penanganan pasien tersebut oleh dokter jaga maupun perawat yang berjaga di IGD.Abstract: This research aims to determine and analyze the resolution of cases of medical negligence based on the delegation of authority carried out by the doctor in charge of services at Bhayangkara Nganjuk Hospital in the form of a mandate from a specialist doctor to a general practitioner; knowing and analyzing liability for medical negligence committed by doctors can be criminal, civil and administrative. This research was conducted using a sociological juridical approach. The research specifications are descriptive analysis and prescriptive analysis. The data used are primary data and secondary data collected through interviews and literature study. The analysis was carried out qualitatively. The results of this research are 1) The resolution of medical negligence cases that occurred at Bhayangkara Nganjuk Hospital was resolved in a friendly manner with the patient's family and carried out through negotiations outside of court. Bhayangkara Hospital carried out a medical evaluation and audit. The specialist doctor was declared negligent because he did not respond to the doctor on duty's message because he was asleep. 2) That the responsibility for medical negligence committed by the doctor responsible for the service upon the delegation of service authority at the Bhayangkara Nganjuk Hospital as a result of an examination by the Hospital Ethics Committee is that the doctor is given a sanction in the form of a written warning as a result of the negligence committed which caused the death of the patient. However, from the results of the examination, no procedural violations were found in the handling of the patient by the doctor on duty or the nurse on duty in the ER.

Pelaksanaan Asesmen Risiko, Identifikasi dan Pengelolaan Risiko Pasien Guna Menjamin Keselamatan Pasien dalam Sistem Pelayanan Kesehatan Berdasarkan Permenkes No 11 Tahun 2017 (Studi di Rumah Sakit Islam Pati) Aji, Muhammad Irsyad Khresna; Simandjutak, Marcella Elwina; Wibowo, Daniel Budi
Soepra Jurnal Hukum Kesehatan Vol 11, No 1: Juni 2025
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24167/sjhk.v11i1.10727

Abstrak: Permenkes No. 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Keselamatan Pasien menegaskan bahwa rumah sakit wajib menjamin keselamatan pasien melalui pelaksanaan sistem asesmen risiko, identifikasi risiko, dan pengelolaan risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana realisasi implementasi regulasi tersebut di Rumah Sakit Islam (RSI) Pati, serta mengidentifikasi hambatan yang dihadapi dalam penerapannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif, di mana data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, serta dianalisis dengan pendekatan normatif dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa RSI Pati telah berupaya menerapkan sistem keselamatan pasien sesuai dengan alur dalam Permenkes No. 11 Tahun 2017. Asesmen risiko dan identifikasi risiko telah dilakukan secara sistematis dan terdokumentasi melalui penyusunan risk register. Namun, masih ditemukan ketidaksesuaian antara norma regulatif dan pelaksanaan di lapangan, seperti rendahnya implementasi protokol identifikasi pasien, komunikasi efektif, dan pencegahan risiko jatuh. Hambatan utama berasal dari faktor internal seperti kurangnya proaktivitas tenaga medis dan belum optimalnya pelatihan, serta faktor eksternal seperti keterbatasan sumber daya. Secara normatif, temuan ini menunjukkan belum optimalnya pemenuhan kewajiban hukum rumah sakit dalam menjamin keselamatan pasien sebagaimana diatur dalam regulasi yang berlaku. Untuk itu, diperlukan penguatan standar operasional prosedur, peningkatan pelatihan internal, serta penegakan disiplin terhadap tenaga medis sebagai bentuk akuntabilitas hukum rumah sakit. Kata Kunci: Keselamatan Pasien, Permenkes No. 11 Tahun 2017, Rumah Sakit, Asesmen Risiko, Analisis NormatifAbstract: Ministry of Health Regulation (Permenkes) No. 11 of 2017 on Patient Safety mandates that hospitals must ensure patient safety through the implementation of risk assessment, risk identification, and risk management systems. This study aims to examine the realization of this regulation at the Islamic Hospital (RSI) Pati and to identify the obstacles faced in its implementation. The research employed an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach, utilizing data from observations, interviews, and documentation, analyzed normatively and descriptively. The findings indicate that RSI Pati has made efforts to implement patient safety systems in accordance with Permenkes No. 11 of 2017. Risk assessment and identification have been systematically documented through a risk register. However, discrepancies remain between regulatory norms and practical implementation, such as inadequate execution of patient identification protocols, effective communication, and fall risk prevention. The main obstacles include internal factors such as lack of proactive behavior among medical staff and insufficient training, as well as external factors such as resource limitations. Normatively, these findings reflect the hospital’s incomplete fulfillment of its legal obligation to ensure patient safety as mandated by existing regulations. Therefore, strengthening standard operating procedures, increasing internal training, and enforcing discipline among medical personnel are essential to enhance the hospital’s legal accountability

A Snapshot of Violence and Criminalization Against Journalists in Indonesia: Enhancing the Safety of Journalists Simandjuntak, Marcella Elwina; Soerjowinoto, Petrus; Wijaya, Emilia Metta Karunia; Mumtazah, Hana
IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) Vol 9, No 1 (2024): Indonesia J. Crim. L. Studies (May, 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcls.v9i1.48789

The press and freedom of speech play crucial roles in advancing democracy, fostering good governance, and promoting human development globally. However, despite their critical importance, journalists in Indonesia and other nations face escalating violence. This violence encompasses physical, psychological, and even sexual harm, compounded by the legal repercussions imposed by certain laws that potentially criminalize journalistic activities. This paper aims to explore incidents of violence against journalists and analyze specific provisions within Indonesia's existing Penal Code, the Information and Electronic Transactions Act (UU ITE), and the Personal Data Protection Act that could be utilized to criminalize journalists. The application of these laws poses significant threats to press freedom, media impartiality, and the integrity of information dissemination. Using a normative legal approach, this study draws on data derived from existing laws, online resources, research studies, and contemporary literature. Employing a descriptive-qualitative analysis, the findings underscore the prevalence of violence against journalists across Indonesia, with frequent violations of their rights to access information through intimidation, harassment, and various forms of physical and psychological coercion. Furthermore, journalists face potential imprisonment under the provisions of Indonesian laws, exacerbating the climate of fear among media professionals. The implications of these threats include a chilling effect on media freedom, hindering the free flow of information, diverse opinions, and critical ideas essential for an informed citizenry. Addressing these challenges requires robust protections for journalists, stringent adherence to international standards of press freedom, and reforms to ensure that laws safeguard rather than restrict journalistic activities.

A Snapshot of Violence and Criminalization Against Journalists in Indonesia: Enhancing the Safety of Journalists Marcella Elwina Simandjuntak; Petrus Soerjowinoto; Emilia Metta Karunia Wijaya; Hana Mumtazah
Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): Indonesia J. Crim. L. Studies (May, 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcls.v9i1.36416

The press and freedom of speech play crucial roles in advancing democracy, fostering good governance, and promoting human development globally. However, despite their critical importance, journalists in Indonesia and other nations face escalating violence. This violence encompasses physical, psychological, and even sexual harm, compounded by the legal repercussions imposed by certain laws that potentially criminalize journalistic activities. This paper aims to explore incidents of violence against journalists and analyze specific provisions within Indonesia's existing Penal Code, the Information and Electronic Transactions Act (UU ITE), and the Personal Data Protection Act that could be utilized to criminalize journalists. The application of these laws poses significant threats to press freedom, media impartiality, and the integrity of information dissemination. Using a normative legal approach, this study draws on data derived from existing laws, online resources, research studies, and contemporary literature. Employing a descriptive-qualitative analysis, the findings underscore the prevalence of violence against journalists across Indonesia, with frequent violations of their rights to access information through intimidation, harassment, and various forms of physical and psychological coercion. Furthermore, journalists face potential imprisonment under the provisions of Indonesian laws, exacerbating the climate of fear among media professionals. The implications of these threats include a chilling effect on media freedom, hindering the free flow of information, diverse opinions, and critical ideas essential for an informed citizenry. Addressing these challenges requires robust protections for journalists, stringent adherence to international standards of press freedom, and reforms to ensure that laws safeguard rather than restrict journalistic activities.

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