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All Journal Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Jurnal Zeolit Indonesia Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Kimia Padjadjaran Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik: Majalah Ilmiah
Subagjo Subagjo
Center for Handicraft and Batik
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences

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Journal : Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering

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Y Zeolite-Based Catalyst for Palm Oil Cracking to Produce Gasoline Algifari, Arif; Makertihartha, I. G. B. N.; Subagjo, Subagjo; Prabowo, Heri
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20267

Abstract

The increasing demand for oil fuel and the decline of crude oil reserves highlight the need for alternative energy sources. Palm oil, as a renewable resource, has potential for biofuel production through catalytic cracking. This study aims to develop and evaluate modified zeolite-based catalysts, particularly ZSM-5/HY, to produce palm oil-derived gasoline that meets European fuel standards. The research involved catalyst preparation, modification with ZSM-5 and phosphorus, and activity testing in a fixed-bed reactor. Gasoline yield and catalyst performance were analyzed using gas chromatography. The results showed nearly 100% conversion of palm oil under optimal conditions, with gasoline yield meeting European standard. The addition of ZSM-5 improved conversion and RON, while phosphorus modification reduced catalyst acidity, affecting yield and coke formation. This study concludes that modifying zeolite catalysts with ZSM-5 and phosphorus enables efficient palm oil-derived gasoline production with high RON and reduced aromatic content, contributing to sustainable energy solutions. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Comparative Assessment of Empirical Coke Deposition Models during n-Butanol Dehydration over a Zeolite-Y-Based Cracking Catalyst Adhi, Tri Partono; Subagjo, Subagjo; Makertihartha, I Gusti Bagus Ngurah; Nabilah, Azizah; Aulia, Hanief; Gunawan, Melia Laniwati
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026) (Issue in Progress)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20612

Abstract

The dehydration of n-butanol to butenes over zeolite-Y is accompanied by coke formation, which progressively deactivates the catalyst and affects reaction kinetics. In this study, dehydration was performed in an isothermal fixed-bed reactor at 400–500 °C using a commercial zeolite-Y composite catalyst. Coke deposition was quantified gravimetrically, while catalyst characterization showed a Si/Al ratio of 6, surface area of 353.9 m².g⁻¹, pore diameter of 57.2 Å, and pore volume of 0.602 cm³.g⁻¹, confirming a mesoporous structure. Coke accumulation data were analyzed using the Voorhies power-law model and analytical expressions derived from the Dumez–Froment empirical model. Model parameters were estimated by fitting experimental coke content data at different temperatures. The Voorhies model showed excellent agreement with experimental data (R² = 0.96–0.98). Among the Dumez–Froment-based expressions, only the logarithmic form accurately described coke deposition, while other forms resulted in poor fits. The results indicate that coke formation is progressively inhibited by accumulated coke, likely due to pore blockage and reduced accessibility of active sites. These findings identify suitable empirical models for predicting coke deposition and catalyst deactivation during n-butanol dehydration over zeolite-Y catalysts. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Co-Authors Adhi, Tri Partono Algifari, Arif Aulia, Hanief Endang Pristiwati Endang Sri Rahayu Heri Prabowo Hudaya, Farhansyah Yusuf Putra IGBN Makertihartha Kurniawan, Rizky Gilang Makertihartha, I G. B. N. Makertihartha, I Gusti Bagus Ngurah Makertihartha, I. G. B. N. Melia Laniwati Gunawan Nabilah, Azizah Nisa, Lita Marina Nurrusyda, Fajriana Shafira Rasrendra, Carolus Barromeus Rasrendra, Carolus Borromeus Rizkiana, Jenny Semeru, Husain Akbar Tjokorde Walmiki Samadhi Widikrama, Candra Lutfi Winoto, Haryo Pandu