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All Journal Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Althea Medical Journal Jurnal Sistem Kesehatan The Southeast Asian Journal of Midwifery Jurnal Endurance: Kajian Ilmiah Problema Kesehatan Care : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Hadyana Sukandar
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung
Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Other

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EVALUASI PENGARUH LAMANYA PEMBERIAN ASI SAJA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN ANAK Suatu Studi di Kecamatan Ledo, Kabupaten Bengkayang, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat Lepita, Lepita; Sukandar, Hadyana; Wirakusumah, Firman F.
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 41, No 1
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Air susu ibu (ASI) merupakan makanan yang kaya akan gizi dan sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan anak. Terganggunya pertumbuhan anak diawali dengan kekurangan gizi yang dapat diatasi dengan memberikan ASI saja sejak lahir. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh lamanya pemberian ASI saja pada pertumbuhan anak. Faktor yang dilihat adalah berat badan dan tinggi badan anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kohort retrospektif yaitu mencari efek yang muncul pada balita usia antara 12 sampai 36 bulan yang ketika bayinya menggunakan ASI saja di wilayah Kecamatan Ledo. Jumlah subjek yang diteliti sebanyak 101 anak. Sampel diambil dengan teknik cluster berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Analisis statistik memakai analisis varians, uji Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, dan korelasi regresi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lamanya pemberian ASI saja mempengaruhi pertumbuhan anak berdasarkan persen terhadap median Berat Badan (BB)/Usia (U) dan Berat Badan (BB)/Tinggi Badan (TB) (p<0,001); tidak tampak pengaruh lamanya pemberian ASI dengan pertumbuhan anak berdasarkan persen terhadap median TB/U baku rujukan WHO-NCHS (p>0,05). Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah lamanya pemberian ASI saja berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan yang diukur berdasarkan persen terhadap median BB/U dan BB/TBbaku rujukan WHO-NCHS.Kata kunci: Lamanya pemberian ASI, pertumbuhan anak, antropometriEVALUATION THE IMPACT BREASTFEEDING PERIOD OF TIME TO THE CHILD GROWTH: A Study In Ledo Subdistrict, Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan Province Breastfeeding is rich food nutrient and it is very important for the child growth. Neonatal growth disorders, it is initially revealed from the beginning by a lack of nutrient. The lack of nutrient can be minimized by giving breastfeeding since the first living without any additional food. The objective of this study was to know the impact of length duration influenced of breastfeeding to the child growth that was seen from the child's body weight and body height. This study designed as a retrospective cohort looking for an effect of weight and height growth of subject child age between 12 to 36 months used to have only breastfeeding in Ledo. The study carried out to 101 children. The samples collected by cluster technique, the inclusion criteria had been determined. Statistical analysis used, varians, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and analysis regression.The result of study, it was shown that the duration of breastfeeding affect of child growth significantly different; the percentage of median body weight to age vs body weight to body height referred to WHO-NCHS standard (p<0.001); but there were no any correlation on the percentage of median body height to age referred to WHO-NCHS standard (>0.05). Conclusion: duration of breastfeeding has positive effect to the growth which is measured based on the percentage of median body weight/age and body weight/body height referred to WHO-NCHS standard.Key words: Duration of breastfeeding, child growth, anthropometry DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v41n1.181
Isolasi Bacillus thuringiensis Lokal dari Tanah Kota Bandung Berdasarkan Ketinggian Sudigdoadi, Sunarjati; Sukandar, Hadyana; Faridah, Lia
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 49, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v49n2.1055

Abstract

Demam dengue (DD) merupakan penyakit endemis di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Kasus DD di Kota Bandung mencapai angka tertinggi di antara kota lain di Jawa Barat, yaitu sebesar 1.180 kasus. Belum ditemukan obat yang tepat dalam menangani infeksi ini. Walaupun sudah ditemukan vaksin, namun penggunaan vaksin ini masih terbatas pada usia dan kalangan tertentu. Dengan demikian, pengendalian vektor baik secara kimiawi maupun biologis, masih menjadi prioritas. Salah satu agen biologis untuk mengendalikan populasi larva nyamuk adalah Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan Januari–Desember 2015. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu eksperimen dengan rancangan faktorial yang bertujuan mendapatkan isolat Bt dari tanah di berbagai ketinggian di Kota Bandung. Sampel tanah diambil dari ketinggian 600 m, 800 m, serta 1000 m dan setiap ketinggian diambil 3 lokasi dengan metode acak. Bt diisolasi dengan medium selektif. Isolat bakteri yang diperoleh kemudian diidentifikasi dengan pewarnaan gram, pengamatan endospora subterminal, uji fermentasi glukosa, sitrat, indol, dan manitol. Kelimpahan Bt di tiap ketinggian dihitung menggunakan Bt index. Hasil identifikasi mendeteksi terdapat 3 isolat yang menunjukkan kemiripan dengan Bt, yaitu isolat STBD.2.02, CBRM.3.01, dan KOPO.3.02. Nilai Bt index menunjukkan kelimpahan Bt di ketinggian 800 m lebih tinggi dibanding dengan ketinggian yang lain. [MKB. 2017;49(2):110–4]   Kata kunci: Bacillus thuringiensis lokal, Bandung, ketinggian, tanah     Local Bacillus thuringiensis Isolation from Bandung Soil by Altitude Dengue fever (DF) is an endemic disease in developing countries including Indonesia. Bandung has the highest number of Dengue Fever in West Java Province with 1,180 cases. There  is currently  no drugs or vaccines that can prevent dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever, making vector control, both chemically and biologically, the primary prevention approach. One biological agent that has been used to control the larval population is Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). This study is an experimental study with factorial design aimed to obtain Bt isolates from soil of various altitude around Bandung city area period January to December 2015. Soil samples were acquired from 600 m, 800 m and 1,000 m above sea level. Sampling was conducted randomly from 3 points at every altitude. Bt were isolated with a selective medium. The acquired bacteria samples were then identified using gram stain, subterminal endospore observation, as well as glucose fermentation, citrate, indole, and manitol tests. Bt abundance for each altitude was calculated using Bt index. Three isolates with similarity with Bt were identified, i.e. STBD 2.02, CBRM 3.01 and KOPO 3.02 isolates. Bt index value indicates that the abundance of Bt at 800 m altitude is the highest compared to others. [MKB. 2017;49(2):110–4]   Key words: Altitude, Bandung, local Bacillus thuringiensis, soil
Gambaran Partisipasi Masyarakat terhadap Pengendalian Vektor Melalui Kajian Tempat Perkembangbiakan Aedes aegypti di Kota Bandung Faridah, Lia; Respati, Titik; Sudigdoadi, Sunarjati; Sukandar, Hadyana
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 49, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (184.081 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v49n1.986

Abstract

Pada tahun 2014, Bandung memiliki angka kasus demam dengue (DD) tertinggi dari 27 kabupaten/kota di Jawa Barat. Upaya pengendalian DD telah dilaksanakan sejak beberapa dekade yang lalu. Salah satu upaya adalah dengan mengeliminasi tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk melalui peran serta masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai partisipasi masyarakat Kota Bandung dengan mengetahui tempat-tempat perkembangbiakan Aedes aegypti baik di dalam maupun di luar rumah. Sampling dilakukan di 16 kelurahan di Kota Bandung yang telah dipilih berdasar atas angka kejadian DD, kepadatan penduduk, ketinggian permukaan, dan status sosial-ekonomi periode 2015. Populasi penelitian adalah rumah-rumah yang terdapat di 16 kelurahan tersebut. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini adalah 1.983 rumah yang merupakan perwakilan dari tiap kelurahan. Sampling jentik dilakukan pada berbagai tempat penampungan air, baik penampungan alami maupun buatan di sekitar pemukiman penduduk. Jentik yang ditemukan dimasukkan ke dalam wadah dan dibawa ke laboratorium untuk diidentifikasi dan dihitung jumlahnya. Hasil menunjukkan tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk yang paling dominan adalah bak mandi (50%), talang air (24%), dan dispenser (15%). Data entomologi diperoleh hasil House index (HI) 24%, Container index (CI) 12%, dan Breteau index (BI) 36%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan masih kurangnya peran serta masyarakat untuk mencegah DD dengan membasmi tempat perkembangbiakannya dan Kota Bandung masih berpotensi untuk terjadi penyebaran penyakit DD. [MKB. 2016;49(1):42–7]Kata kunci: Aedes aegypti, Bandung, demam dengue, tempat perkembangbiakan, partisipasi masyarakat Community Participation on Vector Control Based on Aedes aegypti’s Breeding Sites in BandungIn 2014, Bandung has the highest number of Dengue Fever cases of 27 districts and cities in West Java. Dengue Fever control efforts have been implemented for several decades. One of the efforts is the eradication of the vector breeding site with community participation. The aim of this study was to assess community participation by identifying Aedes aegypti’s breeding sites, both indoor and outdoor, in Bandung area. Sampling was conducted on houses in 16 villages throughout Bandung area. The sampling points were selected according to the Dengue Fever event number, population density, height, and socio-economic status. The total sample points were 1983 houses. Larvae from sample points were collected from various water containments, both natural and manmade, around the settlement. The larvae samples were then brought to the laboratory to be identified and counted. Results indicated the dominant breeding sites were bathtub (50%), gutter (24%), and dispenser (15%). Entomological survey resulted in 24% HI, 12% CI, and 36% BI. This indicates the lack of community participation in preventing DF by eradicating vector’s breeding sites and Bandung is still potential for DF outbreak. [MKB. 2016;49(1):42–7]Key words: Aedes aegypti, Bandung, breeding site, dengue fever, community pasticipation
Polimorfisme C1167T Gen Reseptor Tipe II Transforming Growth Factor-â, Kadar Soluble Endoglin, dan Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 pada Preeklamsia Anwar, Anita D.; Achmad, Tri Hanggono; Sukandar, Hadyana; Krisnadi, Sofie R.; Wirakusumah, Firman F.
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 42, No 3
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Transforming growth factor-â (TGF-â) diduga berperan pada preeklamsia. Reseptor TGF-â tipe II (TâR-II) dihasilkan dari transkripsi gen TGF-â receptor type II (TGFBR2). Polimorfisme gen TGFBR2 pada basa C1167T dapat menyebabkan hipoksia yang menginduksi iskemia serta meningkatkan produksi solubel endoglin (sEng) dan vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui korelasi polimorfisme gen TGFBR2 pada basa C1167T dengan kadar sEng dan VCAM-1 ibu preeklamsia. Subjek adalah ibu preeklamsia usia kehamilan 28–42 minggu dan kehamilan normal sebagai kontrol, masing-masing 120 orang. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, September 2008–Mei 2009. Sampel berupa darah vena, pemeriksaan polimorfisme dilakukan dengan DNA Wizard® genomic DNA purification, kadar sEng dan VCAM-1 dengan imunoesai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan polimorfisme CT pada kelompok preeklamsia 92 (76,7%) dan kontrol 70 (58,3%) {p<0,001; OR (95%CI): 2,35 (1,30–4,26)}. Kadar sEng (ng/mL) 12,46 berbanding 10,29 pada kelompok kontrol {p<0,001; OR (95%CI): 3,71 (2,11–6,57)}. Kadar VCAM-1 berbeda bermakna, yaitu 1.218,43 berbanding 705,59 {(p<0,001; OR (95%CI): 7,56 (4,11–14,0)}. Disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan proporsi dan korelasi polimorfisme C1167T gen TGFBR2, kadar sEng, dan VCAM-1 antara preeklamsia dan kehamilan normal. [MKB. 2010;42(3):115-22].Kata kunci: Polimorfisme gen TGFBR2, preeklamsia, sEng, VCAM-1C1167T Type II Transforming Growth Factor-â Receptor Gene Polymorphism, Soluble Endoglin and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Levels in PreeclampsiaTransforming growth factor-â (TGF-â) plays a role in preeclampsia. TGF-â receptor type II (TâR-II) is produced from the transcription of the type II TGF-â receptor gene (TGFBR2). Polymorphism of TGFBR2 gene on the base C1167T could cause hipoxia that induces ischaemia and product soluble endoglin (sEng) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). The aim was to find out the association of C1167T type II TGF-â receptor gene polymorphism with sEng and VCAM-1 levels in preeclampsia. The study was done at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, September 2008–May 2009. Indicates that C1167T polymorphism events were found in the preeclampsia that were 92(76.7%) of 120 cases and 70 (58.3%) control of 120 normal pregnancies with the difference in the appearance polymorphism which means p<0.001 OR (95%CI):2,35 (1.30–4.26). There was a difference between sEng (ng/μL) 12.46 for preeclampsia and 10.29 for the control group p<0.001 OR (95%CI): 3.71 (2.11–6.57). There was also a difference between VCAM-1 (ng/μL) 1,218.43 for the preeclampsia and 705.59 for the control group {p<0.001 OR (95%CI): 7.56 (4.11–14.0)}. There was a result that in preeclamptic patient having polymorphism sEng level was 14.19 ng/mL and VCAM-1 level is 961,85 ng/mL. It is concluded that there are difference proportion and association of C1167T type II TGF-â receptor gene polymorphism with sEng and VCAM-1 levels between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy patients. [MKB. 2010;42(3):115-22].Key words: Preeclampsia, sEng, TGFBR2 gene polymorphism, VCAM-1 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v42n3.22
Influence of Household Environment and Maternal Behaviors to Upper Respiratory Infection among Toddlers Fahdiyani, Reny; Raksanagara, Ardini S; Sukandar, Hadyana
Kesmas Vol. 10, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut atas (ISPA atas) di negara berkembang menyebabkan morbiditas tinggi pada anak bawah usia lima tahun (balita). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia melaporkan bahwa ISPAnonpneumonia meningkat 2,6% dari tahun 2007 ke 2011. Faktor risiko yang dapat berkontribusi termasuk lingkungan dan perilaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki faktor perilaku dan lingkungan dengan ISPA atas pada balita. Studi kasus kontrol ini dilakukan dari Februari-April 2015 pada balita di Tamansari yang merupakan daerah kumuh di Kota Bandung. Kasus adalah 55 ibu dengan balita menderita ISPA atas yang datang ke puskesmas, sedangkan kontrol dua kali lebih besar dari kasus dipilih dari lingkungan dan cocok untuk usia, jenis kelamin, dan status gizi. Faktor lingkungan adalah kepadatan, kelembaban, ventilasi, suhu, dan pembuangan asap. Sedangkan perilaku adalah mencuci tangan, perilaku merokok ibu, pemakaian masker, konsumsi vitamin Adan ASI eksklusif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor lingkungan yang berkaitan dengan ISPA atas hanya kepadatan dengan nilai p = 0,021 dan OR = 2,843 (CI 95%: 1,168 – 6,920). Tidak terdapat faktor perilaku ibu yang berhubungan dengan ISPA atas. Pengurangan kepadatan merupakan masalah penting dan menantang di daerah kumuh, sama halnya dengan promosi kesehatan dan pencegahan tentang ISPA atas masih penting untuk mengurangi risiko penyakit ini pada balita di daerah kumuh perkotaan. Upper respiratory infection (URI) in developing countries causes high morbidity among toddlers. Indonesia Health Ministry reported that non-pneumonia acute respiratory infection (ARI) increased by 2.6% from 2007 to 2011. Risk factors which may contribute to URI include environment and behavior. This study aimed to investigate environmental and behavioral factors with URI among toddlers. This case control study was conducted on February – April 2015 among toddlers in Tamansari that is a slum area in Bandung City. Case was 55 mothers with toddlers suffering from URI who came to primary health care, meanwhile control was twice bigger than cases selected from the environment and matched for age, sex and nutritional status. Environmental factors were density, humidity, ventilation, temperature and smoke disposal. Meanwhile, behavioral factors were hand-washing, mother’s smoking behavior, the use of mask, vitamin A consumption and exclusive breastfeeding. Results of study showed that environmental factor related to URI was only density with p value = 0.021 and OR = 2.843 (CI 95% = 1.168 – 6.920). None of maternal behavior factor was related to URI. Reducing density is an important and challenging issue in slum area, same as similary health promotion and prevention concerning URI are still necessary to reduce the risk of this disease among toddlers in urban slum area.
Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Anak Usia 3-24 Bulan di Daerah Konflik Usman, Hastuti; Sukandar, Hadyana; Sutisna, Ma’mun
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Lima tahun pertama adalah masa penting dalam proses tumbuh kembang anak. Anak lahir dan tinggal di daerah rawan bencana (bencana alam, perang, atau konflik bersenjata) berisiko mengalami kegagalan pertumbuhan dan keterlambatan perkembangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur perbedaan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak usia 3 - 24 bulan antara yang tinggal di daerah konflik dan bukan konflik dan menganalisis korelasi tempat tinggal daerah konflik dengan pertumbuhan serta perkembangan anak usia 3 - 24 bulan. Metode penelitian secara potong lintang dilakukan di Kabupaten Poso periode Februari - Maret 2014 terhadap 40 anak usia 3 - 24 bulan di daerah konflik dan bukan konflik. Data dianalisis menggunakan kai kuadrat dan korelasi point biseral. Hasil pertumbuhan berdasarkan berat badan/panjang badan di daerah konflik dan bukan konflik, kurus berturut-turut 32% dan 2% (p0,05), tetapi jenis kelamin memengaruhi perkembangan (p=0,010). Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak usia 3-24 bulan yang tinggal di daerah konflik lebih terganggu dibandingkan dengan yang tinggal di daerah bukan konflik. Terdapat korelasi antara tempat tinggal daerah konflik dan jenis kelamin anak dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak usia 3-24 bulan. The first five years are an important period in the development of the child. Children born and living in areas prone to disasters (natural disasters, war or armed conflict), risk of growth failure and developmental delay. This study aimed to measure the difference in the growth and development of children aged between 3 - 24 months who live in areas of conflict and not conflict and analyze correlations residential areas of conflict with the growth and development of children aged 3 - 24 months. Method of cross-sectional studies conducted in Poso regency February - March 2014 to children aged 3 - 24 months in areas of conflict and not conflict. Data were analyzed using chisquare and correlation point biseral.The results based on the growth of weight /height in conflict areas and not conflict, successive thin 32% and 2% (p0.05), but influence the development of gender (p=0.010). Conclusions growth and development of children aged 3 - 24 months who live in areas of conflict more disturbed than those living in areas not conflict. There is a correlation residential areas of conflict and gender of children with the growth and development of children 3-24 months of age.
METODE PEMBELAJARAN KOMBINASI (SELF DAN PEER ASSESSMENT) EFEKTIF MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MAHASISWA DI LABORATORIUM KLINIK Lestari, Dilistia; Susiarno, Hadi; Sukandar, Hadyana
Care : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan Vol 8, No 1 (2020): EDITION MARCH 2020
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (345.062 KB) | DOI: 10.33366/jc.v8i1.1404

Abstract

Midwife profession must have good competence because it has an impact in improving the quality of health service. Survey of Midwifery Diploma III Institutions. Midwife competencies that match work requirements are only 15%. To improve the competence of midwives, the laboratory learning process must be carried out properly according to standards. The combination of self and peer assessment methods is learning to get feedback, encourage students to be more active, independent, responsible, practice evaluation skills and encourage deep learning to maximize the achievement of competencies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of a combination of self and peer assessmentlearning methods on D III Midwifery student competencies. This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental pre-post test design. The study population was all students of D III Midwifery Semester III with a total of 75 people. Sampling uses simple random sampling technique which is divided into three groups for self assessment, peer assessment and a combination of self and peer assessmentmethods, each group totaling 25 people. The research instrument uses a checklist. The statistical test used is Kruskal_Wallis. the results showed that the combination of self and peer assessmentmethods showed more increases by 13.2% (p
ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO ATONIA UTERI Julizar, Melati; Effendi, jusuf S.; Sukandar, Hadyana
Care : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan Vol 7, No 3 (2019): EDITION NOVEMBER 2019
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (275.122 KB) | DOI: 10.33366/jc.v7i3.1399

Abstract

Maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is still relatively high. The biggest cause of maternal mortality in Indonesia is bleeding. Most bleeding in the puerperium (75-80%) is uterine atony. Uterine atony is the most frequent cause of the occurrence of bleeding postpartum. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for uterine atony in Cut Meutia General Hospital and Health Center PONED in North Aceh district. This study uses a case control design, as a case group, maternal postpartum hemorrhage with uterine atony and control group, maternal postpartum hemorrhage without uterine atony. The sample size for each selected group 69 (the number of cases during the period from 2015 to 2017) while the control selected at random with the same number as many as 69 cases. Data analysis using chi square and multiple logistic regression. The results of the research bivariable indicates a meaningful associated with uterine atony is preeclampsia with OR 10,30 (CI 95%: 2,91-36,41), twin pregnancy with OR 17,31 (CI 95%: 2,21-135,76), induction of labor with an OR 4,39 (CI 95%: 1,0-21,45), grande multipara with OR 4,52 (CI 95%: 1,61-12,73) compared with primipara. Multivariable those associated with uterine atony is the age of the mother with OR 2,98 (CI 95%: 0,56-15,82), preeclampsia with OR 20,27 (CI 95%: 4,66-88,20), induction of labor with an OR 6,69 (CI 95%: 1,12-39,95), twin pregnancy with OR 52,39 (CI 95%: 5,65-486,03), anemia with OR 3,06 (CI 95%: 1,07-8,69). This study concluded that parity, preeclampsia, twin pregnancy and labor induction were risk factors for the incidence of uterine atony with twin pregnancy as the most dominant factor in the incidence of uterine atony. Keywords : Risk factors; Uterine Atony.
Co-Authors Abdurrahman, Muniroh Afiatin Afiatin Agoes, Ridad Anggraini Widjadjakusuma, Anggraini Anita D. Anwar Arifin Soenggono, Arifin Atika Primandina Putri, Atika Primandina Benny Hasan Purwara Desti Nataria, Desti Elsa Pudji Setiawati Eva Nuriyah, Eva Farida Adiningrum, Farida Fauzah, Nisa Ferina, Ferina Firman Fuad Wirakusumah Hastuti Usman Henny Anggraini Sadeli Hidayat Widjayanegara Hidayat, Yudi M Humaera, Zahra Husin, Farid Isni Maulina Sukmara, Isni Maulina Jusuf S. Effendi Lepita, Lepita Lestari, Dilistia Lia Faridah Lola Ilona, Lola Lulu Eva Rakhmilla, Lulu Eva MARIYA ULFAH Melati Julizar Merry Wijaya Novitasari, Dini Diwayani Nugroho Harry Susanto, Nugroho Harry Prema Sharlini, Prema R. M. Ryadi Fadil, R. M. Ryadi Raksanagara, Ardini S Reny Fahdiyani, Reny Risa Miliawati Rully Marsis Amirullah Roesli Ryadi Fadil, Ryadi Savira Ekawardhani Sismayadi, Dodi Siti Fatimah Zuhroiyyah, Siti Fatimah Sofie R. Krisnadi Sri Kustiyati Sunarjati Sudigdoadi Sunaryo Barki Sastradinanja, Sunaryo Barki Susiarno, Hadi Sutisna, Ma’mun Sylvia Rachmayati Titik Respati Tri Hanggono Achmad Yulia Sofiatin