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Journal : jurnal emt kita

Analisis Konsentrasi dan Struktur Pasar Industri Nikel Global Hendrartono, Danang Raihan; Hendrati, Ignatia Martha; Wardaya, Wirya
Jurnal EMT KITA Vol 10 No 3 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Otonom Lembaga Informasi dan Riset Indonesia (KITA INFO dan RISET) - Lembaga KITA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35870/emt.v10i3.6298

Abstract

This study analyzes the level of concentration and market structure of the global nickel industry over the 2014–2023 period using a descriptive quantitative approach by calculating the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) based on global nickel export and import data (HS 7501) sourced from TradeMap. The results indicate that the global nickel market exhibits an oligopolistic–oligopsonistic structure, characterized by the dominance of a small number of countries. The export HHI increased to 3,021 in 2023, while the import HHI reached 3,347 in the same year, confirming a strengthening concentration of market power on both the supply and demand sides. Indonesia’s dominance as the main supplier and China’s position as the largest consumer reinforce market centralization and increase the sensitivity of nickel trade to industrial policies and geopolitical dynamics. These findings are consistent with international trade theory, which emphasizes the role of market structure in shaping trade patterns of strategic commodities, and they support the Structure–Conduct–Performance (SCP) framework that explains the linkage between concentrated market structures and the strategic behavior of dominant actors. This study underscores the importance of supply diversification and strengthened international trade cooperation to mitigate dependency risks in the global nickel industry.
Dampak Kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation terhadap Volume Ekspor Batu Bara Indonesia: Studi Kasus Korea Selatan dan Filipina Damayanti, Melissa; Hendrati, Ignatia Marta; Wardaya, Wirya
Jurnal EMT KITA Vol 10 No 4 (2026): OCTOBER 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Otonom Lembaga Informasi dan Riset Indonesia (KITA INFO dan RISET) - Lembaga KITA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35870/emt.v10i4.6782

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the major coal suppliers in the international market and plays an important role in meeting the energy demand of many countries in Asia. To ensure domestic energy availability, the Indonesian government implemented the Domestic Market Obligation (DMO) policy, which requires coal producers to allocate a portion of their production to the domestic market. This policy potentially affects the dynamics of Indonesia’s coal exports to its trading partners. This study aims to analyze the impact of the DMO policy on Indonesia’s coal export volume to South Korea and the Philippines using a quantitative approach through multiple linear regression analysis. The data used in this study consist of time series data for the period 2000–2022, including the GDP of the destination countries, Indonesia’s domestic coal consumption, and a dummy variable representing the DMO policy. The estimation results indicate that the GDP of South Korea and the Philippines has a positive and significant effect on Indonesia’s coal export volume, suggesting that economic growth in the destination countries increases energy demand and subsequently raises coal import demand. In contrast, Indonesia’s domestic coal consumption does not show a significant effect on export volume. Meanwhile, the DMO dummy variable has a negative and significant effect on Indonesia’s coal exports to both countries. These findings indicate that the DMO policy, which prioritizes domestic energy supply, indirectly constrains Indonesia’s coal export capacity. From the perspective of Non-Tariff Measures, the policy empirically exhibits characteristics similar to non-tariff trade barriers because it affects the quantity of exports available in the international market.